徴兵制、韓国で議論に 集団暴行死事件で軍のあり方問われる

徴兵制を巡る議論が韓国内で活発になっている。1950年から3年の朝鮮戦争を経て、北朝鮮と軍事的に対峙するために徴兵制を維持し続けてきた韓国だが、軍隊内での集団暴行事件を契機に軍の人権軽視体質に批判が集中している。
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GOSEONG-GUN, SOUTH KOREA - JUNE 22: (SOUTH KOREA OUT) In this handout provided by the Hong Jin-Hwan-Donga Daily, South Korean soldiers patrol as they search for a soldier who is on the run after a shooting on June 22, 2014 in Goseong-gun, South Korea. An army sergeant killed five soldiers and injured seven in a grenade and gun attack at a base in Goseong county. (Photo by Hong Jin-Hwan-Donga Daily via Getty Images)
Handout via Getty Images

韓国内で徴兵制を巡る議論が活発になっている。1950年から3年続いた朝鮮戦争を経て、北朝鮮と軍事的に対峙するために徴兵制を維持し続けてきた韓国だが、軍隊内での集団暴行事件を契機に軍の人権軽視体質に批判が集中している。

日本でも集団的自衛権の見直しに絡み、徴兵制導入を巡る発言や議論が広がっている。隣国の徴兵制を巡る議論やその背景を紹介する。

■韓国の徴兵制はどうなっているか

韓国の憲法は納税、勤労、教育、国防を国民の4大義務として定めており、満19歳以上の男子は兵役の義務がある。身体検査に合格し、「現役」となった場合、期間は21~24カ月。専門学校や大学、大学院の学生は原則として卒業まで延期できるが、大学生の場合、就職活動などのために多くが途中で休学して兵役に服する。

兵役は深く韓国社会に根ざしており、国家公務員や多くの民間企業では兵役満了が受験の条件となる(尹載善『韓国の軍隊』中公新書刊)。正当な理由なく兵役を拒否すれば実刑判決を受け服役することになる。宗教団体「エホバの証人」は、信者が宗教上の理由から集団で「良心的兵役拒否」を宣言し、過去60年で1万7千人以上が服役していると問題提起している

北朝鮮と対峙する最前線に配置され、軍事衝突で死亡することもある。2002年6月に黄海沖で起きた北朝鮮との砲撃戦では、死亡した6人のうち1人が徴兵による入隊者、韓国政府が北朝鮮の攻撃と断定した2010年4月の天安艦沈没事件では、死亡・行方不明の46人中、16人が徴兵で入隊した下級兵士だった。

■相次ぐ軍隊の問題、矛先は「兵営文化」に

軍内部でのいじめや人権軽視などは過去にも批判されてきたが、ここ数カ月で若い兵士を巡る軍の不祥事が立て続けに発生し、「兵営文化」がやり玉にあげられた。セウォル号の沈没事故が大きな社会問題となり、韓国社会で「積弊(長年にわたって積み重なった弊害)の一掃」が叫ばれる中、陰湿ないじめなどが横行する「兵営文化」もやり玉に挙げられた。

一つは2014年6月、東部・江原道の陸軍部隊で、20代の兵士が銃を乱射して同僚5人を射殺した事件。容疑者の兵士が、精神的な問題などで軍への適応が難しいと当局が判断した「関心兵士」だったため、そんな兵士を北朝鮮と対峙する最前線に配置することの是非や、軍の兵士管理の甘さが批判された。

さらに、2014年4月にソウル郊外の京畿道の陸軍部隊で、20代の一等兵が先輩兵士から集団暴行を受けて死亡したことも、大きな社会問題になっている。当初、食事を気管につまらせて窒息死したと発表された兵士が、実は痰をなめさせられる、練り歯磨きを食べさせられるなどのいじめや暴行を継続的に受けており、上司も把握していながら隠蔽しようとした疑惑が次々に明るみに出て、8月5日に陸軍参謀総長が辞意表明する騒ぎに発展した。

朴槿恵大統領は8月13日に軍の主要指揮官を召集し「数十年にわたって続いてきた兵営文化を一晩で変えることはできないだろうが、雑草をむしるように根気強く悪習と戦わなければ根絶できない」と訓示した。軍も人権教育や人権状況の改善に力を入れる方針を打ち出している

■徴兵制の是非論も議論に

韓国放送通信大のキム・ギウォン教授は、ハフィントンポスト韓国版で暴行死事件を受けて以下のように主張した。

もう世の中は変わりました。人の頭数で戦争をする時代は過ぎ去りました。先端技術と精鋭兵で安全保障を固めなければならない時代になりました。軍隊も正々堂々とした職場の一つとして、職業軍人も相応の待遇と給与を与えなければなりません。

そしてもう韓国の民主主義の水準は、クーデターを想定することは難しくなりました。同時にこのような軍隊制度の変化は、李明博、朴槿恵政権のような緊張と対決の南北関係ではなく、対話と協力の南北関係を促します。

そうなれば、今回の暴行死事件のようなことが起こる可能性は大きく減少します。そうした劣悪な待遇を続けていては、必要な軍の人力を確保することができませんから。いったん騒がれて終わりでなく、需要と供給の原則に基づき根本的に建て直すのです。軍隊に息子を送って毎日胸を痛める親もいなくなるでしょう。

(『もう「徴兵制廃止」を論じるときではないのか』より 2014/08/09 10:30)

ソウル大法科大学院のアン・ギョンファン名誉教授も、「アメリカは志願兵制度で世界最強の軍隊を維持している」とした事例を紹介した上で、徴兵制自体の議論という韓国社会のタブーを破るよう求めた。

1980年代、女性教授を採用しようと提案したら「理想を追い求めすぎる発想だ」と即刻却下された。当時、志願兵制度の議論を提案する文章を書いたら「国家観のないあきれた人物」と評された。「理想」を「現実」に具体化しながら社会は発展する。あれから30年。多くの女性教授が誕生したが、志願兵制度は未だにタブーだ。

かつては夜間通行禁止令がなくては治安は維持できないと誰もが信じていた。今振り返れば何と無知な時期だったろう。もしや徴兵制もそうではないか?「血で守る国家」「神聖な国防義務」「北朝鮮の脅威」などの荘厳なスローガンにとらわれ、時代と世の中の流れからひたすら目を背けているのではないか? 実際に当事者である若者世代には、こうしたスローガンは説得力が全くない。

銃乱射事件、精神的に問題ある兵士の自殺、そして集団暴行…これからも同様の事件が相次ぐだろう。兵営のいじめは個人の問題ではなく構造的な問題だからだ。軍隊は社会の縮図だ。軍人の日常が国民の生活水準よりも著しく劣ることがあってはならない。血気盛んな若者が数十人、相部屋で外出の自由を制限されて集団生活していたら、事故が起きて当然だ。

(プレミアム朝鮮日報「もはや志願兵制度を議論するときだ」より 2014/08/11 05:43)

これに対し、ソウル大のイ・ジュング教授はハフポスト韓国版に、経済的な公平性の問題から反対する論を投稿した。

外敵の進入に対し、国を守ろうとすれば、誰かは兵役義務を負わなければなりません。今のような徴兵制は、健康な男子なら全員、兵役義務を負うことが公平だという認識に基づいた制度です。半面、志願制は一定の対価を受け取り、進んで兵役につくという人だけにその義務を分配する制度です。

私はそれが、国防の義務という負担を正しく負担する方法にはなり得ないと考えます。国防の義務はすべての健康な男子が公平に分配して負うのが正しいことに疑問の余地はありません。神聖な国防の義務を取引の対象とみなすことは、決して望ましいことではありません。

(「志願制についてのエッセー」より 2014/08/11 20:55)

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韓国・北朝鮮の軍事境界線
A North Korean soldier watches the South(01 of36)
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A North Korean soldier watches the South Korean side at the border village of Panmunjom in the DMZ, demilitarized zone in Panmunjom on December 28, 2011. The funeral ceremony for the late North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il started in Pyongyang, reported the ITAR-TASS news agency, the only Russian media with offices in the reclusive country. AFP PHOTO / POOL (Photo credit should read WALLY SANTANA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A North Korean soldier watches the South(02 of36)
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A North Korean soldier watches the South Korean side at the border village of Panmunjom in the DMZ, demilitarized zone in Panmunjom on December 28, 2011. The funeral ceremony for the late North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il started in Pyongyang, reported the ITAR-TASS news agency, the only Russian media with offices in the reclusive country. AFP PHOTO / POOL (Photo credit should read WALLY SANTANA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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A North Korean flag stands at half mast in honor of late North Korean leader Kim Jong Il near the border village of Panmunjom in the DMZ, demilitarized zone in Panmunjom on December 28, 2011. The funeral ceremony for the late North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il started in Pyongyang, reported the ITAR-TASS news agency, the only Russian media with offices in the reclusive country. AFP PHOTO / POOL (Photo credit should read WALLY SANTANA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A North Korean soldier watches the South(04 of36)
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A North Korean soldier watches the South Korean side at the border village of Panmunjom in the DMZ, demilitarized zone in Panmunjom on December 28, 2011. The funeral ceremony for the late North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il started in Pyongyang, reported the ITAR-TASS news agency, the only Russian media with offices in the reclusive country. AFP PHOTO / POOL (Photo credit should read WALLY SANTANA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A South Korean soldier stands guard as h(05 of36)
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A South Korean soldier stands guard as he faces the North Korean side at the border village of Panmunjom in the DMZ, demilitarized zone in Panmunjom on December 28, 2011. The funeral ceremony for the late North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il started in Pyongyang, reported the ITAR-TASS news agency, the only Russian media with offices in the reclusive country. AFP PHOTO / POOL (Photo credit should read WALLY SANTANA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A north Korean flag stands at half mast(06 of36)
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A north Korean flag stands at half mast in honor of late North Korean leader Kim Jong Il near the border village of Panmunjom in the DMZ, demilitarized zone in Panmunjom on December 28, 2011. The funeral ceremony for the late North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il started in Pyongyang, reported the ITAR-TASS news agency, the only Russian media with offices in the reclusive country. AFP PHOTO / POOL (Photo credit should read WALLY SANTANA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
North Korean soldiers watch the South Ko(07 of36)
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North Korean soldiers watch the South Korean side from a lookout tower near at the border village of Panmunjom in the DMZ, demilitarized zone in Panmunjom on December 28, 2011. The funeral ceremony for the late North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il started in Pyongyang, reported the ITAR-TASS news agency, the only Russian media with offices in the reclusive country. AFP PHOTO / POOL (Photo credit should read WALLY SANTANA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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North Korean soldiers look and film footage of the South side of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) while Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos visits the truce village of Panmunjom in the DMZ separating the two Koreas on September 14, 2011. Juan Manuel Santos is in South Korea for a three-day state visit and will meet with South Korean President Lee Myung-Bak on economic cooperation and other issues. AFP PHOTO/JUNG YEON-JE (Photo credit should read JUNG YEON-JE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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North Korean soldiers look and take pictures of the South side of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) while Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos visits the truce village of Panmunjom in the DMZ separating the two Koreas on September 14, 2011. Juan Manuel Santos is in South Korea for a three-day state visit and will meet with South Korean President Lee Myung-Bak on economic cooperation and other issues. AFP PHOTO/JUNG YEON-JE (Photo credit should read JUNG YEON-JE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A North Korean soldier looks at the Sout(10 of36)
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A North Korean soldier looks at the South side of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) while Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos visits the truce village of Panmunjom in the DMZ separating the two Koreas on September 14, 2011. Juan Manuel Santos is in South Korea for a three-day state visit and will meet with South Korean President Lee Myung-Bak on economic cooperation and other issues. AFP PHOTO/JUNG YEON-JE (Photo credit should read JUNG YEON-JE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
North Korean soldiers look at the South(11 of36)
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North Korean soldiers look at the South side of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) while Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos visits the truce village of Panmunjom in the DMZ separating the two Koreas on September 14, 2011. Juan Manuel Santos is in South Korea for a three-day state visit and will meet with South Korean President Lee Myung-Bak on economic cooperation and other issues. AFP PHOTO/JUNG YEON-JE (Photo credit should read JUNG YEON-JE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
SKOREA-NKOREA-DMZ(12 of36)
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South Korean soldiers stand guard inside a military armistice committee meeting room at the truce village of Panmunjom in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea on May 14, 2014. Despite fears to the contrary, North Korea does not appear to be preparing an imminent nuclear test, a US think-tank said in an analysis of recent satellite images of Pyongyang\'s main test site. AFP PHOTO / Ed Jones (Photo credit should read ED JONES/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
SKOREA-NKOREA-DMZ(13 of36)
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Sout Korean soldiers face the North korean side of the truce village of Panmunjom in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea on May 14, 2014. Despite fears to the contrary, North Korea does not appear to be preparing an imminent nuclear test, a US think-tank said in an analysis of recent satellite images of Pyongyang\'s main test site. AFP PHOTO / Ed Jones (Photo credit should read ED JONES/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
SKOREA-NKOREA-DMZ(14 of36)
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A South Korean soldier stands guard inside a military armistice committee meeting room at the truce village of Panmunjom in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea on May 14, 2014. Despite fears to the contrary, North Korea does not appear to be preparing an imminent nuclear test, a US think-tank said in an analysis of recent satellite images of Pyongyang\'s main test site. AFP PHOTO / Ed Jones (Photo credit should read ED JONES/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
SKOREA-NKOREA-DMZ(15 of36)
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A South Korean soldier stands guard inside a military armistice committee meeting room at the truce village of Panmunjom in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea on May 14, 2014. Despite fears to the contrary, North Korea does not appear to be preparing an imminent nuclear test, a US think-tank said in an analysis of recent satellite images of Pyongyang\'s main test site. AFP PHOTO / Ed Jones (Photo credit should read ED JONES/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
SKOREA-NKOREA-DMZ(16 of36)
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Tourists look out towards North Korea at the Dora Observatory near the truce village of Panmunjom in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea on May 14, 2014. Despite fears to the contrary, North Korea does not appear to be preparing an imminent nuclear test, a US think-tank said in an analysis of recent satellite images of Pyongyang\'s main test site. AFP PHOTO / Ed Jones (Photo credit should read ED JONES/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
SKOREA-NKOREA-US-DIPLOMACY(17 of36)
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US (L) and South Korean (R) soldiers stand guard inside the UN conference room at the truce village of Panmunjom in the Demilitarised Zone dividing the two Koreas on March 12, 2014. Cross-border relations remain tense over on-going joint military drills between South Korea and the US, which have been condemned by Pyongyang as a rehearsal for invasion. AFP PHOTO / JUNG YEON-JE (Photo credit should read JUNG YEON-JE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
SKOREA-NKOREA-US-DIPLOMACY(18 of36)
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US (front) and South Korean (rear) soldiers stand guard at the truce village of Panmunjom in the Demilitarised Zone dividing the two Koreas on March 12, 2014. Cross-border relations remain tense over on-going joint military drills between South Korea and the US, which have been condemned by Pyongyang as a rehearsal for invasion. AFP PHOTO / JUNG YEON-JE (Photo credit should read JUNG YEON-JE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
SKOREA-NKOREA-US-DIPLOMACY(19 of36)
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A US (front) and a South Korean (R) soldier stand guard as visitors walk into the UN conference room at the truce village of Panmunjom in the Demilitarised Zone dividing the two Koreas on March 12, 2014. Cross-border relations remain tense over on-going joint military drills between South Korea and the US, which have been condemned by Pyongyang as a rehearsal for invasion. AFP PHOTO / JUNG YEON-JE (Photo credit should read JUNG YEON-JE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
South and North Korea Hold High Level Talks In Panmunjom(20 of36)
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PANMUNJOM, SOUTH KOREA - FEBRUARY 14: In this handout image provided by South Korean Unification Ministry, Kim Kyou-Hyun (R), the head of South Korea\'s high-level delegation talks with his North Korean counterpart Won Tong-Yon (L) during their meeting on February 14, 2014 in Panmunjom, South Korea. This is the second high-level government talks this week between the officials from North and South Korea. The closely watched first meeting on February 12 ended without any agreement, as South Korea dismissed North Korea\'s demand that South Korea delay the start of upcoming springtime military exercise with the U.S. until the reunions end. (Photo by South Korean Unification Ministry via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
South and North Korea Hold High Level Talks In Panmunjom(21 of36)
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PANMUNJOM, SOUTH KOREA - FEBRUARY 14: In this handout image provided by South Korean Unification Ministry, Won Tong-Yon (C), the head of North Korea\'s high-level delegation crosses the military demarcation line (MLD) for the meeting as North Korean soldiers stand guard on February 14, 2014 in Panmunjom, South Korea. This is the second high-level government talks this week between the officials from North and South Korea. The closely watched first meeting on February 12 ended without any agreement, as South Korea dismissed North Korea\'s demand that South Korea delay the start of upcoming springtime military exercise with the U.S. until the reunions end. (Photo by South Korean Unification Ministry via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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This photo taken on August 11, 2011 shows two young tourists posing by a sculpture illustrating the \'DMZ\', or Demilitarized Zone, at the \'3rd Tunnel\', four kilometres away from the truce village of Panmunjom at the DMZ, dividing the two Koreas. The 3rd Tunnel, one of four found by South Korea so far, was discovered in 1978 and is over 1,600 metres long, including 435 metres past the Demarcation Line into South Korean territory. AFP PHOTO / RICHARD A. BROOKS (Photo credit should read RICHARD A. BROOKS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Demilitarized Zone Opens For Train Passage(23 of36)
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PAJU, SOUTH KOREA - MAY 17: South Korean soldiers open the gate for the Demilitarized Zone before a train moved toward the Demilitarized Zone on the way to North Korea on May 17, 2007 in Paju, South Korea. Two trains set out in each direction today, carrying passengers across the border for the first time in over 50 years, to test the restored tracks connecting the two Koreas. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Demilitarized Zone Opens For Train Passage(24 of36)
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PAJU, SOUTH KOREA - MAY 17: South Korean soldiers open the gate for the Demilitarized Zone before a train moved toward the Demilitarized Zone on the way to North Korea on May 17, 2007 in Paju, South Korea. Two trains set out in each direction today, carrying passengers across the border for the first time in over 50 years, to test the restored tracks connecting the two Koreas. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Demilitarized Zone Opens For Train Passage(25 of36)
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PAJU, SOUTH KOREA - MAY 17: South Korean soldiers check the fence before a train moves toward the Demilitarized Zone on the way to North Korea on May 17, 2007 in Paju, South Korea. Two trains set out in each direction today, carrying passengers across the border for the first time in over 50 years, to test the restored tracks connecting the two Koreas. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Demilitarized Zone Opens For Train Passage(26 of36)
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PAJU, SOUTH KOREA - MAY 17: South Korean soldiers check the fence before a train moves toward the Demilitarized Zone on the way to North Korea on May 17, 2007 in Paju, South Korea. Two trains set out in each direction today, carrying passengers across the border for the first time in over 50 years, to test the restored tracks connecting the two Koreas. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Demilitarized Zone Opens For Train Passage(27 of36)
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PAJU, SOUTH KOREA - MAY 17: South Korean soldiers open the gate to the Demilitarized Zone before a train moves toward the Demilitarized Zone on the way to North Korea on May 17, 2007 in Paju, South Korea. Two trains set out in each direction today, carrying passengers across the border for the first time in over 50 years, to test the restored tracks connecting the two Koreas. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A US soldier monitors a target with his(28 of36)
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Pocheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA: A US soldier monitors a target with his anti-tank missile launcher during a mechanized military exercise at the Yeongpyeong River, in Pocheon near the DMZ, 18 October 2006, between the two Koreas. North Korea, 18 October told South Korea it was following a \'treacherous\' course towards war by complying with US-led international sanctions over the North\'s nuclear test. Rodong Sinmun, the newspaper of the ruling communist party paper, accused the South\'s government of betraying Koreans by ignoring national interests. AFP PHOTO/Mark RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A US soldier mans a machine gun during a(29 of36)
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Pocheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA: A US soldier mans a machine gun during a mechanized military exercise at the Yeongpyeong River, in Pocheon near the DMZ, 18 October 2006, between the two Koreas. North Korea, 18 October told South Korea it was following a \'treacherous\' course towards war by complying with US-led international sanctions over the North\'s nuclear test. Rodong Sinmun, the newspaper of the ruling communist party paper, accused the South\'s government of betraying Koreans by ignoring national interests. AFP PHOTO/Mark RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
South Korean soldiers, camouflage a truc(30 of36)
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Pocheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA: South Korean soldiers, camouflage a truck during a mechanized military exercise at the Yeongpyeong River, in Pocheon near the DMZ, 18 October 2006, between the two Koreas. North Korea, 18 October told South Korea it was following a \'treacherous\' course towards war by complying with US-led international sanctions over the North\'s nuclear test. Rodong Sinmun, the newspaper of the ruling communist party paper, accused the South\'s government of betraying Koreans by ignoring national interests. AFP PHOTO/Mark RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
South Korean soldiers, receive a briefin(31 of36)
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Pocheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA: South Korean soldiers, receive a briefing from an officer during a mechanized military exercise at the Yeongpyeong River, in Pocheon near the DMZ, 18 October 2006, between the two Koreas. North Korea, 18 October told South Korea it was following a \'treacherous\' course towards war by complying with US-led international sanctions over the North\'s nuclear test. Rodong Sinmun, the newspaper of the ruling communist party paper, accused the South\'s government of betraying Koreans by ignoring national interests. AFP PHOTO/Mark RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
CORRECTION-CITY SPELLING IN IPTC FIELD(32 of36)
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Pocheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA: CORRECTION-CITY SPELLING IN IPTC FIELD A US tank commander sits atop his M1 Abrahams tank next to a South Korean crewman during a mechanized military exercise at the Yeongpyeong River, in Pocheon near the DMZ, 18 October 2006, between the two Koreas. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice during a visit to Tokyo before heading to Seoul, called 18 October for all countries to ensure the \'swift implementation\' of sanctions on North Korea imposed by the UN Security Council. AFP PHOTO/Mark RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
US M1 Abraham tanks during a mechanized(33 of36)
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Pocheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA: US M1 Abraham tanks during a mechanized military exercise at the Yeongpyeong River, in Pocheon near the DMZ, 18 October 2006, between the two Koreas. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice during a visit to Tokyo before heading to Seoul, called 18 October for all countries to ensure the \'swift implementation\' of sanctions on North Korea imposed by the UN Security Council. AFP PHOTO/Mark RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
The entrance of an "intrusion tunnel" un(34 of36)
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Panmoonjeom, REPUBLIC OF KOREA: The entrance of an \'intrusion tunnel\' under the DMZ between South and North Korea is seen 27 September 2006 from its southern part. The DMZ, 241 kilometres (151 miles) long and four kilometres wide, has divided the Korean peninsula since 1953 when the Korean War ended in an armistice. A formal peace treaty was never signed, meaning the two sides remain technically at war. AFP PHOTO ERIC WISHART (Photo credit should read ERIC WISHART/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A South Korean soldier is seen 27 Septem(35 of36)
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Panmoonjeom, REPUBLIC OF KOREA: A South Korean soldier is seen 27 September 2006 at the entrance of an \'intrusion tunnel\' under the DMZ between South and North Korea. The DMZ, 241 kilometres (151 miles) long and four kilometres wide, has divided the Korean peninsula since 1953 when the Korean War ended in an armistice. A formal peace treaty was never signed, meaning the two sides remain technically at war. AFP PHOTO ERIC WISHART (Photo credit should read ERIC WISHART/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Border Guards Protect Area Of Panmunjom(36 of36)
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PANMUNJOM, SOUTH KOREA - JUNE 15: A South Korean soldier uses a radio as he stands guard at the border village of Panmunjom, between South and North Korea, on June 15, 2005 in South Korea. The head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) urged North Korea to back away from its nuclear threat and asked Iran to improve cooperation with an IAEA investigation of its nuclear activities. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)