SIA KAMBOU via Getty Images
西アフリカで広がっているエボラ出血熱は、世界の食生活にも影響を及ぼすと懸念されている。
特に影響を受けているのがカカオ豆だ。カカオ豆の生産の、世界の半分強を占めるコートジボワールやガーナが、エボラウイルスの感染者が最も多いリベリアやギニアの隣国であるためだ。10月17日、ウォール・ストリート・ジャーナルなどが報じた。
先月下旬の先物市場ではココア価格は3年半ぶりの高値をつけた。同地域の主要カカオ収穫期は10月1日に始まったが、これが過去数週間の先物市場に影響を及ぼしている。9月のココアの平均価格は1トン当たり3221ドル弱で前年同期比23％高となった。
（ネスレ、エボラ出血熱で「警戒態勢」―カカオ産地への拡大を懸念 - WSJより 2014/10/17 10:32）
カカオ豆の価格の上昇は、チョコレートにエボラウイルスが含まれるからという懸念からではない。アメリカの公共ラジオ放送、ナショナル・パブリック・ラジオによると、コートジボワールなどのカカオ農園には、リベリアなどからの出稼ぎが多い。感染拡大を防ぐために国境は封鎖されているが、カカオ農園の労働者不足は、カカオ豆の供給に影響を及ぼすという。
近年、コートジボワール政府は、カカオ豆農家の生活を改善するためカカオ豆の価格を引き上げてきた。また、チョコレートへの需要の伸びから投機マネーも流入し、価格高騰に拍車をかけている。エボラ出血熱の影響が長引けば、さらなる高騰も予想される。
カカオ豆の高騰を受け、チョコレートメーカーの間ではチョコレートに含まれるココアバターをパーム油ベースの代替油脂（CBE）に変える動きが出ていた。しかし、CBEは飽和脂肪酸値が高くコレステロール値を上げる要因となるため、体にはあまり良くない物質との見方もあるという。
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西アフリカ エボラ出血熱 画像集
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MONROVIA, LIBERIA - OCTOBER 17: An Ebola tracing coordinator checks the temperature of Benson, 2 months, finding him to have a fever of 100.76F (38.2C) in the West Point neighborhood on October 17, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. Health workers later came to take the baby, her mother and grandmother to a holding center for people suspected of having Ebola. A family member living in the home had died only the day before from Ebola. The West Point holding center was re-opened this week with community support, two months after a mob overran the facility and and pulled out the patients. Many in the crowd denied the presence of Ebola in their community at the time. The World Health Organization says that more than 4,500 people have died due to the Ebola epidemic in West Africa with a 70 percent mortality rate for those infected with the virus. (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images) (credit:John Moore via Getty Images)
Liberia Races To Expand Ebola Treatment Facilities, As U.S. Troops Arrive(03 of37)
MONROVIA, LIBERIA - OCTOBER 17: A health worker carries Benson, 2 months, to a re-opened Ebola holding center in the West Point neighborhood on October 17, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. The baby, her mother and grandmother were all taken to the center after an Ebola tracing coordinator checked their temperature and found they all had fever. A family member living in the home had died only the day before from Ebola. The West Point holding center was re-opened this week with community support, two months after a mob overran the facility and looted it\'s contents, many denying the presence of Ebola in their community. The World Health Organization says that more than 4,500 people have died due to the Ebola epidemic in West Africa with a 70 percent mortality rate for those infected with the virus. (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images) (credit:John Moore via Getty Images)
Liberia Races To Expand Ebola Treatment Facilities, As U.S. Troops Arrive(04 of37)
MONROVIA, LIBERIA - OCTOBER 17: Infants shoes and a portrait sit on a bedroom shelf as an Ebola tracing coordinator checks the temperature a baby, finding him to have a fever, in the West Point neighborhood on October 17, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. Health workers later came to take the boy, his mother and grandmother to a holding center for people suspected of having Ebola. A family member living in the home had died only the day before from Ebola. The West Point holding center was re-opened this week with community support, two months after a mob overran the facility and and pulled out the patients. Many in the crowd denied the presence of Ebola in their community at the time. The World Health Organization says that more than 4,500 people have died due to the Ebola epidemic in West Africa with a 70 percent mortality rate for those infected with the virus. (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images) (credit:John Moore via Getty Images)
Liberia Races To Expand Ebola Treatment Facilities, As U.S. Troops Arrive(05 of37)
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Liberia Races To Expand Ebola Treatment Facilities, As U.S. Troops Arrive(06 of37)
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Liberia Races To Expand Ebola Treatment Facilities, As U.S. Troops Arrive(07 of37)
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Liberia Races To Expand Ebola Treatment Facilities, As U.S. Troops Arrive(08 of37)
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Liberia Races To Expand Ebola Treatment Facilities, As U.S. Troops Arrive(09 of37)
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A health worker poses inside a tent in the Ebola treatment unit being preventively set to host potential Ebola patients at the University Hospital of Yopougon, on October 17, 2014. Air Côte d\'Ivoire, the national plane company, announced on October 17 it will resume its flights to Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone on Monday. Hysteria over Ebola has reached fever-pitch the world over despite repeated calls for calm.The virus has killed nearly 4,500 people, most of them in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea, and the disease has reared its ugly head further afield in the United States and Spain, sparking post-apocalyptic fears of mass contagion. AFP PHOTO / SIA KAMBOU (Photo credit should read SIA KAMBOU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SIA KAMBOU via Getty Images)
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Workers erect safety barriers around the Ebola treatment unit being preventively set to host potential Ebola patients at the University Hospital of Yopougon, on October 17, 2014. Air Côte d\'Ivoire, the national plane company, announced on October 17 it will resume its flights to Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone on Monday. Hysteria over Ebola has reached fever-pitch the world over despite repeated calls for calm.The virus has killed nearly 4,500 people, most of them in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea, and the disease has reared its ugly head further afield in the United States and Spain, sparking post-apocalyptic fears of mass contagion. AFP PHOTO / SIA KAMBOU (Photo credit should read SIA KAMBOU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SIA KAMBOU via Getty Images)
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A resident sick from the ebola virus waits on September 23, 2014 outside \'Island Clinic\', a new Ebola treatment centre that opened in Monrovia. The first members of a team of 165 Cuban doctors and health workers have arrived in Sierra Leone to help the fight against Ebola, a health official said Tuesday. AFP PHOTO / ZOOM DOSSO (Photo credit should read ZOOM DOSSO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ZOOM DOSSO via Getty Images)
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A resident sick from the ebola virus waits on September 23, 2014 outside \'Island Clinic\', a new Ebola treatment centre that opened in Monrovia. The first members of a team of 165 Cuban doctors and health workers have arrived in Sierra Leone to help the fight against Ebola, a health official said Tuesday. AFP PHOTO / ZOOM DOSSO (Photo credit should read ZOOM DOSSO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ZOOM DOSSO via Getty Images)
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LIBERIA-HEALTH-EBOLA-WAFRICA(26 of37)
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LIBERIA-HEALTH-EBOLA-WAFRICA(27 of37)
Ebola patients sit and lay in the high-risk area of the Elwa hospital runned by Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors without Borders), on September 7, 2014 in Monrovia. President Barack Obama said in an interview aired September 7 the US military would help in the fight against fast-spreading Ebola in Africa, but said it would be months before the epidemic slows. The death toll from the Ebola epidemic -- which is spreading across West Africa, with Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone the worst hit -- has topped 2,000, of nearly 4,000 people who have been infected, according to the World Health Organization. AFP PHOTO / DOMINIQUE FAGET (Photo credit should read DOMINIQUE FAGET/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOMINIQUE FAGET via Getty Images)
LIBERIA-HEALTH-EBOLA-WFP(28 of37)
People shop on September 6, 2014 in Monrovia\'s West Point slum. The death toll from the Ebola epidemic has climbed above 2,000, the World Health Organisztion (WHO) said on September 5, as it voiced hopes a vaccine could be available in November. The deadly virus has claimed 2,097 lives out of 3,944 people infected in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone, since emerging in December 2013, the UN\'s health organ said after a two-day crisis meeting in Geneva. AFP PHOTO / DOMINIQUE FAGET (Photo credit should read DOMINIQUE FAGET/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOMINIQUE FAGET via Getty Images)
LIBERIA-HEALTH-EBOLA-WAFRICA(29 of37)
Liberian soldiers patrol in Monrovia\'s West Point slum on September 6, 2014. The death toll from the Ebola epidemic has climbed above 2,000, the World Health Organisation (WHO) said on September 5, as it voiced hopes a vaccine could be available in November. The deadly virus has claimed 2,097 lives out of 3,944 people infected in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone, since emerging last December, the UN\'s health organ said after a two-day crisis meeting in Geneva. AFP PHOTO / DOMINIQUE FAGET (Photo credit should read DOMINIQUE FAGET/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOMINIQUE FAGET via Getty Images)
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Medical workers of the JohnFitzgerald Kennedy hospital of Monrovia show the poor protective aprons they have during a strike for salaries and better security against the Ebola virus epidemic on September 1, 2014. Saudi Arabia has stopped granting visas to workers from Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, the countries worst-hit by the deadly Ebola virus, the labour ministry announced Monday. AFP PHOTO/DOMINIQUE FAGET \n (Photo credit should read DOMINIQUE FAGET/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOMINIQUE FAGET via Getty Images)
Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone(31 of37)
KENEMA, SIERRA LEONE - AUGUST 26: Members of a volunteer medical team wearing special uniforms, carry the body of an Ebola victim during the burial of 7 people died due to the Ebola virus, in Kptema graveyard in Kenema, Sierra Leone on August 26, 2014. In recent months, Ebola a contagious disease for which there is no known treatment or cure has claimed at least 1429 lives in West Africa, mostly in Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Gett Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Schools closed in Sierra Leone after Ebola outbreak(32 of37)
KENEMA, SIERRA LEONE - AUGUST 25: A classroom of a school stands abandoned on August 25, 2014 in Kenema, Sierra Leone. Schools closed and villages quarantined after dozens of its congregation died with Ebola symptoms. Ebola, contagious disease for which there is no known treatment or cure, has claimed hundreds of lives in Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone(33 of37)
KENEMA, SIERRA LEONE - AUGUST 25: A group of young volunteers wear special uniforms sterilize round the house after Baindu Koruma (28) died due to the Ebola virus, in Lango village, Kenema, Sierra Leone on August 25, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone(34 of37)
KENEMA, SIERRA LEONE - AUGUST 25: Body of Baindu Koruma (28) died due to the Ebola virus are seen as a group of young volunteers wear special uniforms sterilize round the house in Lango village, Kenema, Sierra Leone on August 25, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone(35 of37)
KENEMA, SIERRA LEONE - AUGUST 24: A group of young volunteers wear special uniforms to put the bodies of people, sterilized after dying due to the Ebola virus, to a car ahead of their burials in Kptema graveyard in Kenema, Sierra Leone on August 24, 2014. People work for 6 dollars per a day in burial and sterilizing works in Kenema where the infection of the virus is mostly seen. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone(36 of37)
KENEMA, SIERRA LEONE - AUGUST 24: A group of young volunteers wear special uniforms for the burial of people, sterilized after dying due to the Ebola virus, in Kptema graveyard in Kenema, Sierra Leone on August 24, 2014. People work for 6 dollars per a day in burial and sterilizing works in Kenema where the infection of the virus is mostly seen. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Liberia Races To Expand Ebola Treatment Facilities, As U.S. Troops Arrive(37 of37)
MONROVIA, LIBERIA - OCTOBER 17: A health worker carries Benson, 2 months, to a re-opened Ebola holding center in the West Point neighborhood on October 17, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. The baby, her mother and grandmother were all taken to the center after an Ebola tracing coordinator checked their temperature and found they all had fever. A family member living in the home had died only the day before from Ebola. The West Point holding center was re-opened this week with community support, two months after a mob overran the facility and looted it\'s contents, many denying the presence of Ebola in their community. The World Health Organization says that more than 4,500 people have died due to the Ebola epidemic in West Africa with a 70 percent mortality rate for those infected with the virus. (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images) (credit:John Moore via Getty Images)
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