フランス大統領選の第1回投票は、政界に激震をもたらした

近年のフランス政治史に残る画期的な瞬間だった。
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フランス大統領選の第1回投票は、歴史的な選挙戦の末、無所属のエマニュエル・マクロン氏と極右「国民戦線」党首マリーヌ・ルペン氏が、左翼党のジャン=リュック・メランション氏や中道右派の統一候補フランソワ・フィヨン氏を破り、決選投票へと進出した。

4月23日の選挙結果は、近年のフランス政治史に残る画期的な瞬間だった。 4人の候補者に決選投票へと進む可能性があった接戦となった。そして右派の共和党と左派の社会党のいずれも決戦投票に候補者を出すことができなかったのは、第五共和政の歴史上初めてのことだ。

中道系候補のマクロン氏は、自らの政治運動「 アン・マルシェ!」 (前進)を率いる。第1回投票では23.75%の得票率で勝利した。これは目をみはるような成果だ。現オランド政権で経済相を務めたマクロン氏は、主要政党からの支援を一切受けずに立候補したからだ。

「長年フランスを支配してきた二大政党制は拒絶された」と、マクロン氏は23日夜の演説で強調した。

ルペン氏は、得票率21.53%で2位につけた。前回の選挙結果と比べると、約4%高くなった。最多得票率にはならなかったが、それでも彼女が決選投票に進出するのは、極右政党・国民戦線にとって歴史的瞬間だ。

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開票速報の結果を聞くルペン氏。PASCAL ROSSIGNOL/REUTERS

フィヨン氏と右派の危機

この夜、最も落胆したのはフィヨン氏の支持者だ。5カ月前には最有力候補だったフィヨン氏は第1回投票で得票率19.91%で敗れた。妻や子供へ勤務実態がないのに多額の給与を支払っていた疑惑で捜査を受けたことが致命傷となり、結果的に元首相が大統領の座に就く望みを絶たれた。

フィヨン氏の敗北はマクロン氏の勝利と相まって、共和党にとって深刻な危機となるとみられる。フィヨン氏は23日、「マクロン氏に投票する」と述べ、支持者にもマクロン氏への支持を呼びかけた。 「極端な主張は、不幸と分裂をフランスにもたらすだけだ。極右政党に反対票を投じる以外、選択肢はない」と、フィヨン氏は語った。

メランション氏は、極左の政治運動「ラ・フランス・アンスミーズ(不服従のフランス)」を率いる候補者だ。選挙戦終盤で支持率が急上昇し、結果は19.64%の得票率となった。 メランション氏は大胆で斬新な選挙運動を展開し、富裕層への課税強化や最低賃金の大幅増を公約にかかげ、自らを2016年アメリカ大統領選で旋風を巻き起こしたバーニー・サンダース氏になぞらえた。2012年の数字と比較すると、7%得票率を伸ばした。 本人が選挙結果に残した功績と社会党の敗北は、メランション氏にとって大規模な市民運動を起こす下地となるとみられる。

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マクロンの支持者が、パリで歓喜する。PHILIPPE WOJAZER/REUTERS

底辺の争いに終わった社会党

フランソワ・オランド大統領が率いる社会党の候補者、ブノワ・アモン氏は支持率が低迷するなか一縷の望みを託していたが、最後のどんでん返しは起きなかった。党内の分裂や、メランション氏のアピールに追いつめられ、アモン氏は今回の大統領選挙で、これまでの社会党候補のなかで史上最低の得票率だった。

アモン氏の敗北で、同じ社会党の前首相マニュエル・ヴァルス氏の政治的影響力が拡大するのは間違いない。ヴァルス氏は、社会党が予備選で選出した候補のアモン氏ではなく、マクロン氏の支持を公表していた。

ハフィントンポスト・フランス版英訳より翻訳・加筆しました。

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