フランス大統領選の最終盤、争点はテロ問題ばっかりになる?

選挙戦の争点は、テロの脅威へと戻ってきた。
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フランス大統領選挙の第1回投票を控え、エリゼ宮(大統領官邸)を目指す選挙戦の争点は、テロの脅威へと戻ってきた。

ヨーロッパではこのトピックのニュースが途切れることがない。2015年11月13日のパリ同時多発テロ、2016年6月のニーストラックテロ、最近は3月22日のロンドンの国会議事堂、4月7日のストックホルムのトラックテロ、そして4月20日のシャンゼリゼ銃撃。テロはいつも話題の中心だ。しかし、メディアと世論がテロ関係一色であるにもかかわらず、これまでの選挙戦では、テロが取り上げられることは少なかった。

中道・右派の統一候補フランソワ・フィヨン氏は18日、リールでの選挙集会で訴えた。「選挙期間中、明らかに誰もがわかっているのに遠ざけられていた争点がある。テロリズムだ」

マチアス・フェクル内相はこれと同じ日、マルセイユでの大統領候補を標的にしたテロを計画した疑いで男2人を逮捕したと発表した。警察は銃器や爆弾の材料を発見し、2人が23日の投票を前に攻撃を計画していたと述べた。そしてシャンゼリゼ通りの銃撃事件により、テロが争点とならなかった「空白期間」が終わりを告げた。

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4月15日マルセイユで警察が2人の男を逮捕し、家宅捜索を行っている間、フランスの消防が付近を封鎖している。警察は男らが選挙前に攻撃を準備していたと発表した。PHILIPPE LAURENSON / REUTERS

フィヨン氏が妻や子供への不正給与疑惑で支持率が低迷し、極右「国民戦線」の党首マリーヌ・ルペン氏は、女性秘書が欧州議会から給与を不正受給した疑惑で捜査を受けているほか、第二次世界大戦でフランスがユダヤ人を大量検挙した「ヴェル・ディヴ事件」の責任を否定したことから、今までの勢いに陰りがみられる。この2人をめぐるスキャンダルに紛れるように、テロは選挙戦の背後に追いやられていた。2人とも治安に関してはナショナリズム的な強硬姿勢を貫いている点では共通しているが、彼らが司法当局からの捜査を受けている間に、主な争点は政治家のモラルに関する問題や法的問題が大統領選にどう影響するか、という問題にシフトしてしまった。

候補者たちは自分の選挙戦のセキュリティをあまり心配していないようだ。フィヨン氏は6日、ストラスブールで若い男から小麦粉を頭から浴びせられた。同じく6日に、中道派で支持率トップを走るエマニュエル・マクロン氏は農産物展示会を訪問中に卵をぶつけられている。16日には、こうしたリスクについて警備から警告があったにもかかわらず、ルペン氏が演説中にフェミニスト団体「FEMEN」のメンバーが演壇に侵入した。急進左派のジャン・リュック・メランション氏は、警備が難しい大規模な野外での集会を開いている。

小麦粉を浴びせられたフィヨン氏

卵を投げつけられたマクロン氏

演説中にFEMENのメンバーに侵入されたルペン氏

しかし、マルセイユのテロ計画の摘発は相当のインパクトがあり、セキュリティのレベルが目に見えて上がっている。治安当局は4人の候補者と協議して、専門の部隊を派遣すると述べている。最近フィヨン氏がモンペリエを訪れた際も、狙撃手とエリート部隊が警備を支援していた。

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マリーヌ・ルペン氏、4月19日のマルセイユの集会で。ROBERT PRATTA / REUTERS

目に見えて変化が出てきている中で、マルセイユのテロ未遂事件は政治的な結果ももたらしている。容疑者の逮捕後にフィヨン氏は「民主主義はテロの脅威に屈してはならない」と述べているが、彼の陣営は明らかにこの事件を利用したいと考えている。

フィヨン氏がテロの標的だったという噂がある。フィヨン氏が所属していた党の元広報官リンディア・ギルー氏は「容疑者2人はフィヨンを攻撃する計画だった。野蛮人は、イスラム全体主義と戦う固い決意をもっとも持っているのは誰かを知っている」とツイートしている。

ルペン氏はマルセイユの事件当日の夜、反移民のトーンをさらに強めた。彼女も、自分も狙われていたと示唆している。広報官は「ルペンが翌日に集会を予定していたマルセイユで2人が逮捕された。これはおそらく偶然ではない」とAFP通信に語った。

マルセイユの事件を受け、ルペン氏は18日、強い調子の談話を発表した。「過去10年間、2人の大統領の任期期間中、フランスではイスラム原理主義が急速に広まったのに、何の対策も取られなかった。その結果、テロ攻撃とテロの脅威が壊滅的に増加している」

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