ルワンダ大虐殺から20年 ――学んだ教訓、そして学んでいない教訓

私は4月7日、ルワンダの首都キガリで、ルワンダ大虐殺から20年の追悼式典に参加した。この大虐殺は、いまもヴィクトリア湖周辺のアフリカ東部地域、そして国際社会全体の心のなかに広く影を落としている。
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現在、中央アフリカ共和国では政府とコミュニティーのリーダーたちが平和の道を歩むために格闘している。

私は4月7日、ルワンダの首都キガリで、ルワンダ大虐殺から20年の追悼式典に参加した。この大虐殺は、いまもヴィクトリア湖周辺のアフリカ東部地域、そして国際社会全体の心のなかに広く影を落としている。

それぞれの状況には、独自の力学が働いている。シリア紛争でも同じことが言えるが、日々新しい犠牲者が生まれている。そして、それぞれが複雑で、生死にかかわる困難な問題が生じている。無実の人たちが多く虐殺され、政府に国民を保護する意思や能力がない場合、あるいは政府が虐殺行為の主体でもある場合、国際社会は何ができるだろうか。そして、そもそもこのような残虐な行為が起こらないようにするにはどうすればいいのだろうか。

ルワンダ大虐殺とボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナで起きた「スレブラニツァの大虐殺」は、国際社会が失敗した象徴的な出来事である。ルワンダでの残虐行為は、いまもその影響を残している。3か月にわたって、毎日1万人もの死者が出た。憎しみに満ちたラジオ放送がルワンダ人を激怒させ、扇動し、殺し合いをさせたのだ。

国際社会は、この恐ろしい事件の教訓に従って、歩みを進めてきた。現在は、国際刑事裁判所の設立に象徴されるように、残虐行為の加害者に処罰を受けさせるように団結している。ルワンダのための国際刑事裁判所を含む、国際裁判所と国連が支援する裁判所は、説明責任を追及し、基礎的な国際規範を犯そうとしている者たちに対する、はっきりと認識できる抑止効果を与えようとしている。重要な裁判では、国のトップだった者が、戦争犯罪者として有罪判決を受けた。

国際社会は、「保護する責任」を支持した。残虐な犯罪は国内の問題であり、国際的関心の領域を越えていると、国家が主張することはもはやできない。大虐殺の発生防止のための仕組みを作っている政府や地方組織の数は増えている。国連とそのパートナーは、紛争多発地帯の人権監視を強めている。「目と耳」が政府や非政府組織の主体に対し、世界は見ているぞと伝えている。こうした犯罪が計画されると、私たちは、監視する公共機関が存在しないという問題から、言葉にならない不平不満まで、重要なリスク要因に焦点を絞る。

私たちは、拡大する性暴力などの問題から民間人を保護するために着実に活動している。積極的な平和維持活動が、コンゴ共和国東部の非常に残忍な民兵組織に勝利した。国連は、南スーダンで平和維持の扉を開き、数万人を命にかかわる脅威から保護した。20年前には、こうした行動は考えられなかった。今日では、これが行動方針となっており、私たちの「人権最前線」イニシアチブの実施例となっている。ルワンダの教訓が形になったのである。こうした活動はまだ脆弱だが、目的ははっきりしている。より多くの人を保護することだ。

しかし、この仕事は、何度となく壁にぶち当たる。2009年にはスリランカの内乱が終結したが、死者は数万人にのぼり、国連は組織的な失策について検証し、行動しなければならなくなった。3年以上にわたって、国際社会は、シリア問題に対する反応が分かれたままで、必要な人道的資金援助の一部を提供しただけだった。その間、軍事的に解決するという誤った信念により、双方の当事者に武器を提供して戦闘を激化させてしまった。

世界は、こうした倫理的に盲目な地域を克服する必要がある。国連を構成する国家は、国益の定義について争うことがあるかもしれない。あるいは、新たに金銭的援助、軍事的援助をしたがらないことがあるかもしれない。複雑な事情とリスクに尻込みし、他国の差し迫った危機についての議論が、いつか自国の問題に焦点を当てるのではないかと心配することがあるかもしれない。しかし、この無関心と決断力のなさがどういう結果を生むかは明らかだ。無実の人たちが血を流し、社会は失われ、そして指導者たちは「二度とこうした悲劇を繰り返さない」という言葉を何度も何度も口にすることになる。この言葉自体が繰り返される失敗の象徴となっている。

この10年で、中央アフリカ共和国は、自国の苦境を世界に知ってもらおうともがき、ここ数年は、国の崩壊、無法国家への転落、恐ろしい大量殺人に苦しんできた。この大量殺人は、広く恐怖を植え付け、出国を引き起こした。人々は、政治的な目的のために争う中で、宗教的なアイデンティティを主張し、長く続いてきたイスラム教信者とキリスト教信者の共存が脅かされている。

命を守るためにすぐに必要とする軍事支援を行い、街に秩序を取り戻し、人々が自分のコミュニティに戻れるようにしてもらいたいと、私は国際社会に訴えたい。アフリカ連合とフランスは、軍隊を配備したが、これまでのところEUの軍事力提供の努力は、価値を生んでいない。調停がはっきりと行われる政治的プロセスを開始する差し迫った必要が等しく存在する。暴力行為がさらに広がれば、さらに広い地域を巻き込んでしまう。

国の崩壊がこのように深刻だと、課題の克服は無理だと思われるかもしれない。しかし、そんなことはないということを、歴史が証明している。国際社会の継続的な支援がシエラレオネを救い、東ティモールは劇的な変化を遂げた。ルワンダは、注目に値する発展を見せ、他の国々は言葉では表せないほどの暴力の後、立ち直った。中央アフリカ共和国も同じ道を歩むことができる。私は、政府を支援し続け、安定した繁栄する国家を構築できる計画立案を行う。その国の資源と伝統がこれを可能にするだろう。

私はルワンダで、大虐殺の記念館を訪れ、犠牲者への追悼をささげた。他の世界を変えた悲劇においても、私は同じことをしてきた。数十年前のアウシュビッツやカンボジアから、現代の他の悲劇においても。国際社会は、残虐な犯罪を心配していると主張することができず、資源の投入をしたがらない。そして、実際に残虐な犯罪を防ぐことを求められる。世界のリーダーたちは、防ぐことができるものを防ぐため、そして、目の前で起こる残虐な行為に対抗するため、もっと多くのことをするべきだ。どこに住んでいる人でも、シリアから中央アフリカ共和国まで、傷つきやすい人たちの苦境に自らを置き、すべての人の人権と尊厳が守られる世界を構築するために、さらにできることは何かということを自分に問いかけるべきだ。恐ろしい脅威に直面している人たちに、彼らだけじゃないということ、彼らは見捨てられたわけではないこと、そして必要なものがもうすぐ届くことを知らせたい。

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初出:インデペンデント日曜版 (イギリス)

English

ルワンダ大虐殺から20年
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(01 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Overcome with grief, a woman screams, \'Mon pre!\' while kneeling next to one of the mass graves at the Nyanza-Kicukiro genocide memorial, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(02 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Thousands of people gathered for a candlelight commemoration ceremony the Nyanza-Kicukiro genocide memorial, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(03 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Chorale Abagenzi singers performs during a genocide commemoration ceremony at the Nyanza-Kicukiro, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(04 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: The Flame of Rememberance bonfire is llit as thousands of people gathered for a candlelight commemoration ceremony the Nyanza-Kicukiro genocide memorial, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(05 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: The Flame of Rememberance bonfire is lighted as thousands of people gathered for a candlelight commemoration ceremony the Nyanza-Kicukiro genocide memorial, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(06 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Thousands of people gathered for a candlelight commemoration ceremony the Nyanza-Kicukiro genocide memorial, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(07 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Thousands of people participating in a memorial march pause to pray while on their way to a genocide commemoration ceremony at the Nyanza-Kicukiro, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(08 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Thousands of people march to a commemoration ceremony at the Nyanza-Kicukiro genocide memorial, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide, April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college are seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(09 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Thousands of people march to a commemoration ceremony at the Nyanza-Kicukiro genocide memorial, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide, April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college are seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(10 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Chorale Abagenzi singers performs during a genocide commemoration ceremony at the Nyanza-Kicukiro, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(11 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Thousands of people march to a commemoration ceremony at the Nyanza-Kicukiro genocide memorial, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide, April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college are seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(12 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Thousands of people gathered for a candlelight commemoration ceremony the Nyanza-Kicukiro genocide memorial, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(13 of28)
Open Image Modal
KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Chorale Abagenzi singers performs during a genocide commemoration ceremony at the Nyanza-Kicukiro, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed.(Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(14 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Thousands of people participating in a memorial march pause to pray while on their way to a genocide commemoration ceremony at the Nyanza-Kicukiro, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Continues Week's Events Of Commemorating The Country's Genocide(15 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Thousands of people gathered for a candlelight commemoration ceremony the Nyanza-Kicukiro genocide memorial, 20 years after 2,000 people were killed by the extremist government and Interahamwe militia after being abandoned by United Nations troops during the 1994 genocide April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. The forced march and slaughter of Tutsis that took refuge with UNAMIR troops from Belgium at the nearby technical college is seen by Rwandans as an example of their abandonment by the international community. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror in which more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Rhabilitation Centre For Former Combatants Of The Wars In DRC(16 of28)
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MUTOBO, RWANDA - APRIL 10: Former Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) combatants, including Peter Ngaboyamahina (C), 35, attend a class on history, politics and the 1994 genocide at the Mutobo Demobilisation Centre April 10, 2014 in Mutobo, Rwanda. Founded by Hutu refugees that fled into the Democratic Republic of Congo to escape prosecution for genocide in 1994, the FDLR launched unsuccessful campaigns against the Rwandan government in the late 1990s. The government\'s Demobilisation and Reintegraiton Commission helps people returning to Rwanda make the transition from life in the wilds of eastern Congo to living in the country that Rwanda has become over the last 20 years. The men who attend this program know that if they were discovered abandoning the rebel army, they and their families could have been killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Rhabilitation Centre For Former Combatants Of The Wars In DRC(17 of28)
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MUTOBO, RWANDA - APRIL 10: Teacher Alphonse Senyoni leads a class on history, politics and the 1994 genocide for former Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) combatants at the Mutobo Demobilisation Centre April 10, 2014 in Mutobo, Rwanda. Founded by Hutu refugees that fled into the Democratic Republic of Congo to escape prosecution for genocide in 1994, the FDLR launched unsuccessful campaigns against the Rwandan government in the late 1990s. The government\'s Demobilisation and Reintegraiton Commission helps people returning to Rwanda make the transition from life in the wilds of eastern Congo to living in the country that Rwanda has become over the last 20 years. The men who attend this program know that if they were discovered abandoning the rebel army, they and their families could have been killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Rhabilitation Centre For Former Combatants Of The Wars In DRC(18 of28)
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MUTOBO, RWANDA - APRIL 10: Teacher Alphonse Senyoni leads a class on history, politics and the 1994 genocide for former Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) combatants at the Mutobo Demobilisation Centre April 10, 2014 in Mutobo, Rwanda. Founded by Hutu refugees that fled into the Democratic Republic of Congo to escape prosecution for genocide in 1994, the FDLR launched unsuccessful campaigns against the Rwandan government in the late 1990s. The government\'s Demobilisation and Reintegraiton Commission helps people returning to Rwanda make the transition from life in the wilds of eastern Congo to living in the country that Rwanda has become over the last 20 years. The men who attend this program know that if they were discovered abandoning the rebel army, they and their families could have been killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Rhabilitation Centre For Former Combatants Of The Wars In DRC(19 of28)
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MUTOBO, RWANDA - APRIL 10: Teacher Alphonse Senyoni leads a class on history, politics and the 1994 genocide for former Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) combatants at the Mutobo Demobilisation Centre April 10, 2014 in Mutobo, Rwanda. Founded by Hutu refugees that fled into the Democratic Republic of Congo to escape prosecution for genocide in 1994, the FDLR launched unsuccessful campaigns against the Rwandan government in the late 1990s. The government\'s Demobilisation and Reintegraiton Commission helps people returning to Rwanda make the transition from life in the wilds of eastern Congo to living in the country that Rwanda has become over the last 20 years. The men who attend this program know that if they were discovered abandoning the rebel army, they and their families could have been killed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rwanda Rhabilitation Centre For Former Combatants Of The Wars In DRC(20 of28)
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MUTOBO, RWANDA - APRIL 10: Former Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) combatants and local people attend a Ibiganiro byo Kwibuka, or \'Meeting of Remembering,\' at the Mutobo Demobilisation Centre April 10, 2014 in Mutobo, Rwanda. The meetings, held each night for the week subsequent to the anniversary of the 1994 genocide, are mandatory attendance for people in the area and businesses that do not close their doors during the gatherings can be fined by the government. The government\'s Demobilisation and Reintegraiton Commission helps former FDLR soliders, many of them Hutus that left to avoid prosecution for genocide, make the transition from life in the wilds of eastern Congo to living in the country that Rwanda has become over the last 20 years. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A Non-Profit Organisation For Widows Of the Genocide Make Commemorative Beaded Lapel Pins(21 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: The Association for Genocide Widows (AVEGA) member Madalina Mukagasana helps care for the group\'s pigs in the Kinyinya neighborhood April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. A non-profit NGO that was founded in 1995 by 50 widow survivors of the genocide, AVEGA works \'to restore hope and life for the widows of the genocide and to help them reintegrate into society.\' AVEGA provides psycological, medical and educational services to its members, including agricultural co-ops like this one that raises pigs to sell at market. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror that left more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus dead. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A Non-Profit Organisation For Widows Of the Genocide Make Commemorative Beaded Lapel Pins(22 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Members of the Association for Genocide Widows (AVEGA) Madalina Mukagasana, Epiphanie Mukankubito and Regine Myirahabineza portion out feed for their pigs in the Kinyinya neighborhood April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. A non-profit NGO that was founded in 1995 by 50 widow survivors of the genocide, AVEGA works \'to restore hope and life for the widows of the genocide and to help them reintegrate into society.\' AVEGA provides psycological, medical and educational services to its members, including agricultural co-ops like this one that raises pigs to sell at market. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror that left more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus dead. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A Non-Profit Organisation For Widows Of the Genocide Make Commemorative Beaded Lapel Pins(23 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: The Association for Genocide Widows (AVEGA) member Epiphanie Mukankubito sprays insect repellent on the group\'s pigs in the Kinyinya neighborhood April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. A non-profit NGO that was founded in 1995 by 50 widow survivors of the genocide, AVEGA works \'to restore hope and life for the widows of the genocide and to help them reintegrate into society.\' AVEGA provides psycological, medical and educational services to its members, including agricultural co-ops like this one that raises pigs to sell at market. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror that left more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus dead. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A Non-Profit Organisation For Widows Of the Genocide Make Commemorative Beaded Lapel Pins(24 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Members of the Association for Genocide Widows (AVEGA) Jaqueline Kagirimpundu, Regine Myirahabineza and Madalina Mukagasana wash up after working on their small pig farm in the Kinyinya neighborhood April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. A non-profit NGO that was founded in 1995 by 50 widow survivors of the genocide, AVEGA works \'to restore hope and life for the widows of the genocide and to help them reintegrate into society.\' AVEGA provides psycological, medical and educational services to its members, including agricultural co-ops like this one that raises pigs to sell at market. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror that left more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus dead. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A Non-Profit Organisation For Widows Of the Genocide Make Commemorative Beaded Lapel Pins(25 of28)
Open Image Modal
KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Members of the Association for Genocide Widows (AVEGA) Madalina Mukagasana (C) and Jaqueline Kagirimpundu finish working on their small pig farm in the Kinyinya neighborhood April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. A non-profit NGO that was founded in 1995 by 50 widow survivors of the genocide, AVEGA works \'to restore hope and life for the widows of the genocide and to help them reintegrate into society.\' AVEGA provides psycological, medical and educational services to its members, including agricultural co-ops like this one that raises pigs to sell at market. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror that left more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus dead. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A Non-Profit Organisation For Widows Of the Genocide Make Commemorative Beaded Lapel Pins(26 of28)
Open Image Modal
KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: The Association for Genocide Widows (AVEGA) member Madalina Mukagasana sprays insect repellent on the group\'s pigs in the Kinyinya neighborhood April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. A non-profit NGO that was founded in 1995 by 50 widow survivors of the genocide, AVEGA works \'to restore hope and life for the widows of the genocide and to help them reintegrate into society.\' AVEGA provides psycological, medical and educational services to its members, including agricultural co-ops like this one that raises pigs to sell at market. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror that left more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus dead. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A Non-Profit Organisation For Widows Of the Genocide Make Commemorative Beaded Lapel Pins(27 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: Epiphanie Mukankubito (R) and Regine Myirahabineza (C) plant elephant grass in a small plot of land where the Association for Genocide Widows (AVEGA) raises pigs in the Kinyinya neighborhood April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. A non-profit NGO that was founded in 1995 by 50 widow survivors of the genocide, AVEGA works \'to restore hope and life for the widows of the genocide and to help them reintegrate into society.\' AVEGA provides psycological, medical and educational services to its members, including agricultural co-ops like this one that raises pigs to sell at market. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror that left more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus dead. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
A Non-Profit Organisation For Widows Of the Genocide Make Commemorative Beaded Lapel Pins(28 of28)
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KIGALI, RWANDA - APRIL 11: (L-R) Epiphanie Mukankubito, groudskeeper Bosco Ntezimihigo, Regine Nyirahabineza and Alufonsine Mukamutara finish a morning working the Association for Genocide Widows\' (AVEGA) small pigs farm in the Kinyinya neighborhood April 11, 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. A non-profit NGO that was founded in 1995 by 50 widow survivors of the genocide, AVEGA works \'to restore hope and life for the widows of the genocide and to help them reintegrate into society.\' AVEGA provides psycological, medical and educational services to its members, including agricultural co-ops like this one that raises pigs to sell at market. It has been 20 years since an extremist government began 100 days of terror that left more than 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus dead. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)