Wataru Nakano
戦争や武力紛争の犠牲を強いられた人々に対して人道的保護と支援をする「赤十字国際委員会」（ICRC、本部スイス・ジュネーブ）のパスカル・メイジュ副事業局長がこのほど来日し、ハフポスト日本版のインタビューに応じた。メイジュさんは蔓延する紛争地での性暴力について「被害者にもっと支援の手を差し伸べてなくてはいけない」と語った。
パスカル・メイジュさんは1968年生まれ、スイス国籍。1994年にICRCに入り、スーダン南部（現南スーダン）やボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ、インド、シエラレオネ、ジョージア、ルワンダ、ネパール、コソボの計8カ国で人道支援に従事し、武力紛争や暴力のはびこる状況下で被害を受けた人々に対して保護や支援活動をしてきた。2012年からは、全世界の活動を取りまとめる事業局の副局長を務めている。
ICRCが今後数年間、集中的に取り組もうとしている問題の一つが武力紛争下の性暴力だ。メイジュさんは「被害者やコミュニティーが受ける被害は年々深刻になっています」と語り、ICRCとして医療分野や精神的な支援、予防などに力を入れていると語る。だが、罪悪感や羞恥心、性的問題を語ることがタブーとされている地域が多いことなどから、被害者自身が通報することをためらうケースが目に付く。また、男性や少年に対する性暴力も少なくないが、恐れや恥ずかしいと思って公にすることをためらうことも目立つという。
イランやパキスタンなど中東やその周辺では、女性が婚前・婚外交渉を持つと家族に殺される「名誉殺人」の問題もある。メイジュさんは「被害者に支援の手を差し伸べていかなくてはいけません。やるべきことは多いです」と述べ、国際人道法や性暴力に関する国際的に認知されている基準を国内法や活動などにも盛り込むよう、各国政府や治安部隊への働きかけを強めていくと話した。
食料やせっけんなどICRCからの物資を受け取る人たち＝南スーダン (Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images)
■南スーダンは悪化の一方
メイジュさんはまた、ICRCが4年前から始めたキャンペーン「Health Care in Danger （危険にさらされる医療活動）」を専門としている。紛争地などで暴力が蔓延する状況の下、標的にされ攻撃を受けている「医療活動」を尊重、保護しようという活動なのだが、メイジュさんは医療に対する暴力が人道問題として認識されていないとして、「現状を伝えたい」とし、さらに「負傷者や患者に対し、可能と考えられるあらゆる医療が差別なく安全に提供されるようにしたいです」と力を込めた。
日本が支援できることについては、「資金的な協力やヘルスケアなど、多岐にわたる支援や協力を呼びかけています」と話した。
かつて勤務していた南スーダン（2011年7月にスーダンから分離独立）の状況については「独立してから悪くなる一方です。とても心配しています」と話す。特に、家族と離れて兵士として戦う「子供兵士の徴用」問題や食料の不足が深刻だ。メイジュさんは「国際介入や人道的支援が失敗し続けています。政治的解決が必要」と訴えた。2014年のICRCの活動規模では、南スーダンが1億1900万スイスフラン（約150億円）で最も多かった。
■子供を抱えながらの紛争地勤務
一方、これまで紛争地を渡り歩いてきたメイジュさんには、いずれも10代の3人の子供がいる。ICRCは国際機関とはいえ、男性上位の風潮が比較的強いスイスに本部を置いていることもあり「女性が管理職になって、続けていくことはたやすくないです」と話す。「もっと女性職員が増えるといいですね」。
ちなみにICRC駐日事務所によると、世界に約1万3000人いるICRCの職員のうち、日本人は20人ほどと、まだまだ少ないという。
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赤十字の歩み
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Red Cross Hospital, Early Bank, Stalleybridge. (credit:PA)
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