「インドネシア高速鉄道」をめぐる混乱(上)「ジョコウィ流」とは何か?

はたして日本が高速鉄道建設に関わっていたら同じような問題は避けられたのだろうか。今回の混乱はインドネシア国内でも大きく報道されているが、その原因は何だろうか。
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昨年10月、インドネシアの高速鉄道計画の受注で日本が中国に負けたことが大きな話題となった。政府高官はそれを「理解できない」と述べて不快感を露わにし、一般の人々からも「インドネシアは恩知らず」、「一度痛い目に遭えばいい」といった反発が出た。

これに対して私は、日本案が金銭的な面だけでなく、技術移転や現地調達、沿線開発などを含む中国案と比べると魅力がなかったからだと述べて、根強い「上から目線」を改める必要があることを指摘した(「『高速鉄道受注失敗』に見る『日本・インドネシア関係』の変容」2015年10月22日)。

その後、一時ニュースから消えていたこの問題が、今年に入って再び取り上げられた。今度は、プロジェクトの手続きの混乱や建設の遅れを指摘する報道であった。これに対して日本国内からは、「日本案を採用していればこんなことにならなかった」、「自業自得だ」といった声が出ている。はたして日本が高速鉄道建設に関わっていたら同じような問題は避けられたのだろうか。今回の混乱はインドネシア国内でも大きく報道されているが、その原因は何だろうか。

起工式で問題が表面化

インドネシアの高速鉄道の建設と運営を担う主体は、「インドネシア・中国高速鉄道会社」(KCIC)である。社長には、運輸省出身のハンゴロ・ブディ・ウィルヤワンが就任した。同社は、国営建設会社「ウィジャヤ・カルヤ」を筆頭にインドネシア国鉄など国営企業4社からなる「インドネシア国営企業連合」(PSBI)が60%、「中国鉄道コンソーシアム」が40%を出資して、昨年10月16日に設立された。総工費は約74.3兆ルピア(約6180億円)で、このうち75%を中国開発銀行からの融資でまかなうことになっている。

運行ルートは、ジャカルタ中心部のガンビル駅から同国第3の都市バンドン郊外にあるグデバゲ駅までの150.5キロ、時速350~380キロの運転で所要時間約36分を目指す。2018年には工事が完了し、2019年に開業の予定だ。

1月12日には運輸相がこの運行ルートを承認し、21日にジョコ・ウィドド(通称ジョコウィ)大統領や関係閣僚、中国からは国務委員も出席して起工式が行われた。しかし、この起工式開催をめぐって、さまざまな問題が表面化したのである。

建設許可ないのに強行された起工式

実は、この時点で運輸相がKCIC社に与えた建設許可は、起工式が行われた西ジャワ州バンドン近郊の国営農園周辺5キロだけだった。建設許可を得るためには、詳細設計計画書や環境影響評価書の提出が必要である。

しかし、インドネシア政府側からは「構造物の耐用年数を100年にせよ」、「余裕のある仕様にせよ」といった要求が出されるなど、設計内容は固まっていなかった。また、バンドン周辺は標高700メートルの高地にあって地震や地滑りなどの危険性が指摘されているが、自然災害に対する対策が十分に盛り込まれていないという点も問題視された。

環境影響評価についても、起工式前日の1月20日に環境・林業相の承認が得られたが、実際にはデータが不完全であることや、地方政府の策定する土地利用計画が含まれていないなどの問題点が指摘されている。本来であれば、このような大規模なインフラ事業に対する環境影響評価は半年から1年かけて実施されるべきであるという批判も出されている。

このように、許認可の取得をめぐる諸手続は、起工式に間に合わせるために無理に進められたようである。KCIC社から提出された書類には中国語のまま翻訳されていない文書さえ含まれていたということも報道され、国民の失笑を買ったが、それはどちらかというと些末な事象であろう。問題の本質は、十分に内容を詰めた計画を立案する余裕のないまま、建設許可が完全に下りる前に起工式が強行されたところにある。

スピード重視の「ジョコウィ・スタイル」

起工式の強行を決めたのは、ジョコウィ大統領自身である。中小企業経営者だったジョコウィは、官僚主義的な手続きによって物事が前に進まないことを最も嫌う。

だからこそ彼は、「ブルスカン」と呼ばれるアポなしでの現場視察で問題点を自ら把握し、役人を介さずに解決策を見つけ出すという政治手法を好んで使うのである。そうして行政改革を積極的に進めることで、ジョコウィは国民的人気を獲得してきた。その手法は、地方首長から国家元首になったいまでも変わっていない。

高速鉄道についても、当初ジョコウィ大統領は昨年8月には計画を決定し、10月には起工式を行いたいと考えていた。しかし、計画の決定が10月にずれ込み、11月に予定していた起工式も必要な許認可が得られていないことを理由に運輸相の反対にあって延期せざるを得なかった。ジョコウィにとって、これ以上の遅れは許されなかった。

そこで、まずは期限を切って、それに向けて各大臣や官僚を走らせることにしたのである。事業会社の設立、ルートの選定、環境影響評価の承認という最低限必要な手続きだけは終わったため、なんとか起工式の開催にこぎ着けることができた。

これがジョコウィの政治スタイルである。起工式でもジョコウィは、次のように述べている。「現在は競争の時代である。効率的で、開発も決定も早い国が勝者となる。高速鉄道は競争を勝ち抜くためのものである。競争するには、行動の早さ、価格の安さ、移動の安さ、すべてが必要である。これ以上高速鉄道の建設が遅れれば、投資家の信頼を失う」。この発言は、スピードを重視するジョコウィの政治姿勢を如実に表している。

起工式は、国営農園内部の建設予定地で行われた。式典の会場は木が伐採され、きれいに整地されていたが、これはあくまでメディア向けの舞台であり、実際の工事はまだ始まっていないと思われる。このようなパフォーマンスを重視して国民にアピールするのも、「ジョコウィ流」である。(つづく)

川村晃一

独立行政法人日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所 地域研究センター副主任研究員。1970年生まれ。早稲田大学政治経済学部卒、ジョージ・ワシントン大学大学院国際関係学研究科修了。1996年アジア経済研究所入所。2002年から04年までインドネシア国立ガジャマダ大学アジア太平洋研究センター客員研究員。主な著作に、『2009年インドネシアの選挙-ユドヨノ再選の背景と第2期政権の展望』(アジア経済研究所、共編著)、『インドネシア総選挙と新政権-メガワティからユドヨノへ』(明石書店、共編著)、『東南アジアの比較政治学』(アジア経済研究所、共著)などがある。

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(2015年2月15日フォーサイトより転載)

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Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo (C) speaks to journalists during a press conference in Jakarta on July 10, 2014. Both sides claimed victory on July 9, 2014 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the end of authoritarian rule, as most unofficial tallies showed Jakarta governor Joko Widodo leading over ex-general Prabowo Subianto. AFP PHOTO / ROMEO GACAD (Photo credit should read ROMEO GACAD/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ROMEO GACAD via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(32 of68)
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President candidate Prabowo Subianto speaks during his visit to meet Muhammadiyah Muslim community leader Din Syamsuddin (not in the picture), in Jakarta on July 15, 2014. Indonesia faces a long period of uncertainty after last week\'s disputed presidential election, analysts warn -- raising fears for Southeast Asia\'s top economy as growth sits at four-year lows, foreign investment slows and corruption remains rife. AFP PHOTO / Bay ISMOYO (Photo credit should read BAY ISMOYO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:BAY ISMOYO via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(33 of68)
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Indonesian presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto (C-in white) with his running mate Hatta Rajasa (C-in blue) hold hands with the leaders of political parties forming the coalition after declaration of permanent coalition in Jakarta on July 14, 2014. Indonesia\'s president on July 11 urged the election chief to ensure a transparent vote count following this week\'s disputed presidential poll, after both sides raised fears the other may tamper with the ballots. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(34 of68)
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Indonesian presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto (C-in white) with his running mate Hatta Rajasa (2nd R), Aburizal Bakrie (1st R) head of Golkar Party, Anis Matta (2nd L) president of Justice and Welfare Party, Suryadharma Ali (1stL) chairman of United Development Party pray after declaration of permanent coalition in Jakarta on July 14, 2014. Indonesia\'s president on July 11 urged the election chief to ensure a transparent vote count following this week\'s disputed presidential poll, after both sides raised fears the other may tamper with the ballots. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(35 of68)
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Indonesian presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto (front-2nd L) gestures next to his running mate Hatta Rajasa (2nd R), Golkar Chairman Aburizal Bakrie (1st R), Anis Matta (1st L) the president of the Justice and Welfare Party Golkar and his ex-wife Siti Hediati Suharto (back-1L) during a press conference in Jakarta on July 14, 2014. Indonesia\'s president on July 11 urged the election chief to ensure a transparent vote count following this week\'s disputed presidential poll, after both sides raised fears the other may tamper with the ballots. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(36 of68)
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This picture takenon July 9, 2014 shows Sudjuatmi, mother of Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo,showing her ballot while voting in Solo. Both sides claimed victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the end of authoritarian rule, as most unofficial tallies showed Jakarta governor Joko Widodo leading over ex-general Prabowo Subianto. AFP PHOTO / ANWAR MUSTAFA (Photo credit should read ANWAR MUSTAFA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ANWAR MUSTAFA via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(37 of68)
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An Acehnese woman casts her ballot at a polling centre in Banda Aceh in Aceh province on July 9, 2014. Both presidential candidates Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto claimed victory on July 9, in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the end of authoritarian rule, as unofficial tallies showed Jakarta governor Joko Widodo leading over ex-general Prabowo Subianto. AFP PHOTO / CHAIDEER MAHYUDDIN (Photo credit should read CHAIDEER MAHYUDDIN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHAIDEER MAHYUDDIN via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(38 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Supporters of Indonesian Presidential Candidate Joko Widodo declares victory in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Prabowo Subianto has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(39 of68)
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Supporters of Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo rally at the traffic roundabout in central Jakarta after the close of polls on July 9, 2014. Both sides claimed victory on July 9, in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the end of authoritiarian rule, as unofficial tallies showed Jakarta governor Joko Widodo leading over ex-general Prabowo Subianto. AFP PHOTO / ROMEO GACAD (Photo credit should read ROMEO GACAD/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ROMEO GACAD via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(40 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Supporters of Indonesian Presidential Candidate Joko Widodo declares victory in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Prabowo Subianto has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(41 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian Presidential Candidate Joko Widodo delivers a victory speech in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Prabowo Subianto has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(42 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Supporters of Indonesian Presidential Candidate Joko Widodo declares victory in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Prabowo Subianto has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(43 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian Presidential Candidate Joko Widodo greets his supporters as he declares victory in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Prabowo Subianto has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(44 of68)
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Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo (L) and former president Megawati Sukarnoputri (R) attend a press conference in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Both sides claimed victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the end of authoritarian rule, as unofficial tallies showed Jakarta governor Joko Widodo leading over ex-general Prabowo Subianto. AFP PHOTO / ARIF ARIADI (Photo credit should read ARIF ARIADI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ARIF ARIADI via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(45 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian Presidential Candidate Prabowo Subianto declares victory in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Joko Widodo has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesians went to the polls today to vote in the country\'s presidential election being contested by two candidates - Prabowo Subianto, a former military General and Joko Widodo, the former governor of Jakarta. (Photo by Ed Wray/Getty Images) (credit:Ed Wray via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(46 of68)
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Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo (3rd L) gestures with former Indonesian general Wiranto (2nd L-white shirt), now head of the Hanura party, former president Megawati Sukarnoputri (3rd R) and Widodo\'s running mate Jusuf Kalla (2nd R) during a press conference in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Jakarta governor Joko Widodo declared victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential race since the downfall of dictator Suharto, which has pitted him against ex-general Prabowo Subianto. It came after unofficial tallies from polling agencies showed him leading with around 53 percent of the vote against Prabowo\'s 47 percent. AFP PHOTO / ARIF ARIADI (Photo credit should read ARIF ARIADI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ARIF ARIADI via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(47 of68)
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Indonesian election officials wearing Javanese \'wayang\' costumes assist voters in Solo in central Java island on July 9, 2014. Jakarta governor Joko Widodo declared victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential race since the downfall of dictator Suharto, which has pitted him against ex-general Prabowo Subianto. It came after unofficial tallies from polling agencies showed him leading with around 53 percent of the vote against Prabowo\'s 47 percent. AFP PHOTO / ANWAR MUSTAFA (Photo credit should read ANWAR MUSTAFA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ANWAR MUSTAFA via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(48 of68)
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Indonesian election officials wearing Javanese \'wayang\' costumes cast votes in Solo in central Java island on July 9, 2014. Jakarta governor Joko Widodo declared victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential race since the downfall of dictator Suharto, which has pitted him against ex-general Prabowo Subianto. It came after unofficial tallies from polling agencies showed him leading with around 53 percent of the vote against Prabowo\'s 47 percent. AFP PHOTO / ANWAR MUSTAFA (Photo credit should read ANWAR MUSTAFA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ANWAR MUSTAFA via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(49 of68)
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A polling centre official looks at a ballot during a tally of Indonesia\'s presidential election in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Jakarta governor Joko Widodo declared victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential race since the downfall of dictator Suharto, which has pitted him against ex-general Prabowo Subianto. It came after unofficial tallies from polling agencies showed him leading with around 53 percent of the vote against Prabowo\'s 47 percent. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(50 of68)
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Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo (R) and his wife Iriana Widodo (L) gestures after voting at a polling centre in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Widodo declared victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential race since the downfall of dictator Suharto, which has pitted him against ex-general Prabowo Subianto. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(51 of68)
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BOJONG KONENG INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian women wait to cast their votes at their local polling station on July 9, 2014 in Bojong Koneng, Indonesia. Indonesians went to the polls today to vote in the country\'s presidential election being contested by two candidates - Prabowo Subianto, a former military General and Joko Widodo, the former governor of Jakarta. (Photo by Ed Wray/Getty Images) (credit:Ed Wray via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(52 of68)
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BOJONG KONENG INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian Presidential Candidate Prabowo Subianto speaks with reporters after voting in his local polling station on July 9, 2014 in Bojong Koneng, Indonesia. Indonesians went to the polls today to vote in the country\'s presidential election being contested by two candidates - Prabowo Subianto, a former military General and Joko Widodo, the former governor of Jakarta. (Photo by Ed Wray/Getty Images) (credit:Ed Wray via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(53 of68)
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YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: An elderly woman inks her finger after voting at a polling station during the Indonesia presidential election on July 9, 2014 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to choose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images) (credit:Ulet Ifansasti via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(54 of68)
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YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Election officers in football shirts prepare papers ballot at a polling station set-up for the world cup activities during the Indonesia presidential election on July 9, 2014 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to choose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images) (credit:Ulet Ifansasti via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(55 of68)
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Indonesians arrive at a makeshift polling centre to cast their votes in the country\'s presidential election Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(56 of68)
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YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: An Indonesian woman casts her ballot at a polling station during the Indonesia presidential election on July 9, 2014 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to choose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images) (credit:Ulet Ifansasti via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(57 of68)
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YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: An Indonesian man casts his ballot at a polling station during the Indonesia presidential election on July 9, 2014 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to choose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images) (credit:Ulet Ifansasti via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(58 of68)
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An Indonesian couple shows their inked fingers at a polling centre after voting in the country\'s presidential election in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(59 of68)
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Indonesians leave a polling centre after cast their vote in the country\'s presidential election in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(60 of68)
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DENPASAR, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Election officers check ballot papers during vote counting of the Indonesia presidential election at a polling station on July 9, 2014 in Denpasar, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to choose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Agung Parameswara/Getty Images) (credit:Agung Parameswara via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(61 of68)
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Papuan tribesmen wearing traditional costume vote in Jayapura on July 9, 2014 located in remote eastern Indonesia\'s Papua province. Indonesians vote July 9 in the country\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / LIVA LAZORE (Photo credit should read LIVA LAZORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:LIVA LAZORE via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(62 of68)
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Papuan tribesman and women wearing traditional costumes arrive at a voting center in Jayapura on July 9, 2014 located in remote eastern Indonesia\'s Papua province. Indonesians vote July 9 in the country\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / LIVA LAZORE (Photo credit should read LIVA LAZORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:LIVA LAZORE via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(63 of68)
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An Indonesian woman votes in the country\'s presidential election at a polling centre in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(64 of68)
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Indonesians vote in the country\'s presidential election at a polling center in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(65 of68)
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An elderly Indonesian woman (front L) receives assistance as she votes in the country\'s presidential election in the village of Bojong Koneng in Bogor, West Java province, on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / Bay ISMOYO (Photo credit should read BAY ISMOYO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:BAY ISMOYO via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(66 of68)
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An Indonesian woman casts her vote in the country\'s presidential election in the village of Bojong Koneng in Bogor, West Java province, on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / Bay ISMOYO (Photo credit should read BAY ISMOYO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:BAY ISMOYO via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(67 of68)
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Indonesian presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto (C-facing, wearing black hat) is mobbed by supporters and the media as he greets the people after voting at Bojong Koneng village in Bogor, West Java province, on July 9, 2014. Indonesians vote on July 9 in the country\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / Bay ISMOYO (Photo credit should read BAY ISMOYO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:BAY ISMOYO via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(68 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian president candidate Joko Widodo and his wife cast their ballot on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)