サウジアラビアでの大量処刑、王政の矛盾を覆い隠す意図か【イランと断交】

2011年からアラブ世界を席巻した民主化要求運動「アラブの春」は、サウジアラビアの王政に強い危惧を与えたことは間違いないだろう。
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Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz attends the second day of the 136th Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) summit held in Riyadh, on December 10, 2015 as kings and emirs from six Gulf states began two days of talks, at the same time as unprecedented discussions by the Syrian opposition at a luxury hotel in another part of the city. Salman called for political solutions to the wars in Syria and Yemen, while condemning 'terrorism,' at the opening of the annual Gulf summit. AFP PHOTO / FAYEZ NURELDINE / AFP / FAYEZ NURELDINE (Photo credit should read FAYEZ NURELDINE/AFP/Getty Images)
FAYEZ NURELDINE via Getty Images

サウジアラビアで2日、シーア派の聖職者ニムル師を含めて47人が処刑され、これにシーア派が国民の大多数を占めるイランが反発して、イランの首都テヘランでは暴徒化した人々がサウジアラビア大使館を襲撃し、イランのハメネイ最高指導書もサウジアラビアのニムル師処刑を強く批判した。これを受けてサウジアラビアは3日、イランとの国交を断交することを明らかにした。

2011年からアラブ世界を席巻した民主化要求運動「アラブの春」は、サウジアラビアの王政に強い危惧を与えたことは間違いないだろう。ニムル師は、東部に住むシーア派住民たちの権利拡大などを訴え、2012年に逮捕され、14年に死刑判決を受けていた。

サウジアラビアでは王室内部の確執もあり、昨年秋にはサルマン国王に対する宮廷革命を呼びかける文書も王族の間で出回り、その中にはムハンマド皇太子がサウジアラビアを政治的にも、経済的にも、軍事的にも破局に導いていると書かれてあった。昨年3月から続くイエメンでの空爆にも、地域の最も豊かな国がアラブで最も貧しい国をなぜ攻撃するのかと戦争の意義を疑問視する声は国内からも強く、ムハンマド皇太子が何の戦略もなく、出口への見通しもなく戦争に着手したという彼の向こう見ずなイエメン政策が批判されるようになっている。実際、サウジアラビアが「殲滅」を目指したイエメンのシーア派武装勢力のフーシ派は、1年近いサウジアラビアなどの空爆にもかかわらず首都のサナアから撤退することがない。

2014年から15年にかけての原油価格の低下によって、財政赤字は深刻となり、サウジアラビアは昨年10月までのわずか6か月間で700億円の不動産を処分しなければならなかった。原油収入はサウジアラビアの国家収入の77%から88%を占めるが、サウジアラビアは2030年までに人口増加によって石油の輸入国にもなろうとしている。電力への政府補助金(国民に提供する予算)はサウジのGDPの20%を占めるが、財政が苦しくなるにしたがって食品、住宅、水など他の消費財への補助金も減額せざるをえず、国民の王政に対する不満が募ることは必至だ。サウジアラビアの人口構成は、30歳以下が全人口の3分の2を占め、失業率は30%という見積もりもあり、国民の25%は貧困ライン以下の生活を送る。

昨年9月に発生したメッカ巡礼での将棋倒し事故では800人近くが犠牲になり、聖地の守護者としての資質も疑われるようになった。この事故で500人近くのイラン人が犠牲になり、サウジアラビア政府の救出への対応が迅速でなかったことも、少なからぬイラン人たちのサウジへの不信となっている。

サウジアラビアでの大量の処刑、イランとの確執は、サウジ王政の抱える矛盾を国民に覆い隠し、サルマン国王、ムハンマド皇太子など王室の中枢にいる為政者たちの失政から他の王族たちの目をそらす意図をもっていると言われても仕方がない。

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サウジアラビア大使館襲撃 画像集
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Iranian demonstrators burn representations of the U.S. and Israeli flags during a demonstration in front of the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Tehran, Iran, to protest the execution of Saudi Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr, a prominent opposition Shiite cleric, seen in posters, Sunday, Jan. 3, 2016. Saudi Arabia announced the execution of al-Nimr on Saturday along with 46 others. The execution drew condemnation from Shiites across the region. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Iranian protesters set fire to the Saudi Embassy in Tehran during a demonstration against the execution of prominent Shiite Muslim cleric Nimr al-Nimr by Saudi authorities, on January 2, 2016. Nimr was a driving force of the protests that broke out in 2011 in Saudi Arabia\'s east, an oil-rich region where the Shiite minority of an estimated two million people complains of marginalisation. AFP PHOTO / ISNA / MOHAMMADREZA NADIMI / AFP / ISNA / MOHAMMADREZA NADIMI (Photo credit should read MOHAMMADREZA NADIMI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ATTA KENARE via Getty Images)
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Iranian protesters gather outside the Saudi Embassy in Tehran during a demonstration against the execution of prominent Shiite Muslim cleric Nimr al-Nimr by Saudi authorities, on January 2, 2016. Nimr was a driving force of the protests that broke out in 2011 in Saudi Arabia\'s east, an oil-rich region where the Shiite minority of an estimated two million people complains of marginalisation. AFP PHOTO / ATTA KENARE / AFP / ATTA KENARE (Photo credit should read ATTA KENARE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ATTA KENARE via Getty Images)
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Iraqi Shiite clerics, one holding a portrait of prominent Shiite Muslim cleric Nimr al-Nimr, take part in a demonstration against his execution by Saudi authorities, on January 3, 2016, in the capital Baghdad. Iran and Iraq\'s top Shiite leaders condemned Saudi Arabia\'s execution of Nimr, warning ahead of protests that the killing was an injustice that could have serious consequences. AFP PHOTO / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE / AFP / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
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An Iraqi man holds a portrait of prominent Shiite Muslim cleric Nimr al-Nimr during a demonstration against his execution by Saudi authorities, on January 3, 2016, in the capital Baghdad. Iran and Iraq\'s top Shiite leaders condemned Saudi Arabia\'s execution of Nimr, warning ahead of protests that the killing was an injustice that could have serious consequences. AFP PHOTO / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE / AFP / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
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Iranian riot police block a street leading to the Saudi embassy as protesters hold portraits of prominent Shiite Muslim cleric Nimr al-Nimr during a demonstration against his execution by Saudi authorities, on January 3, 2016, in Tehran. Iran and Iraq\'s top Shiite leaders condemned Saudi Arabia\'s execution of Nimr, warning ahead of protests that the killing was an injustice that could have serious consequences. AFP PHOTO / ATTA KENARE / AFP / ATTA KENARE (Photo credit should read ATTA KENARE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ATTA KENARE via Getty Images)
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An Iranian woman holds a portrait of prominent Shiite Muslim cleric Nimr al-Nimr during a demonstration against his execution by Saudi authorities, on January 3, 2016, outside the Saudi embassy in Tehran. Iran and Iraq\'s top Shiite leaders condemned Saudi Arabia\'s execution of Nimr, warning ahead of protests that the killing was an injustice that could have serious consequences. AFP PHOTO / ATTA KENARE / AFP / ATTA KENARE (Photo credit should read ATTA KENARE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ATTA KENARE via Getty Images)
IRAN-SAUDI-EXECUTION-RELIGION-DEMO(32 of36)
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An Iranian woman holds a portrait of prominent Shiite Muslim cleric Nimr al-Nimr during a demonstration against his execution by Saudi authorities, on January 3, 2016, outside the Saudi embassy in Tehran. Iran and Iraq\'s top Shiite leaders condemned Saudi Arabia\'s execution of Nimr, warning ahead of protests that the killing was an injustice that could have serious consequences. AFP PHOTO / ATTA KENARE / AFP / ATTA KENARE (Photo credit should read ATTA KENARE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ATTA KENARE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SAUDI-EXECUTION-RELIGION-DEMO(33 of36)
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An Iraqi man holds a portrait of prominent Shiite Muslim cleric Nimr al-Nimr during a demonstration against his execution by Saudi authorities, on January 3, 2016, in the capital Baghdad. Iran and Iraq\'s top Shiite leaders condemned Saudi Arabia\'s execution of Nimr, warning ahead of protests that the killing was an injustice that could have serious consequences. AFP PHOTO / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE / AFP / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SAUDI-EXECUTION-RELIGION-DEMO(34 of36)
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An Iraqi man holds a portrait of prominent Shiite Muslim cleric Nimr al-Nimr during a demonstration against his execution by Saudi authorities, on January 3, 2016, in the capital Baghdad. Iran and Iraq\'s top Shiite leaders condemned Saudi Arabia\'s execution of Nimr, warning ahead of protests that the killing was an injustice that could have serious consequences. AFP PHOTO / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE / AFP / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SAUDI-EXECUTION-RELIGION-DEMO(35 of36)
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Iraqi men hold portraits of prominent Shiite Muslim cleric Nimr al-Nimr during a demonstration against his execution by Saudi authorities, on January 3, 2016, in the capital Baghdad. Iran and Iraq\'s top Shiite leaders condemned Saudi Arabia\'s execution of Nimr, warning ahead of protests that the killing was an injustice that could have serious consequences. AFP PHOTO / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE / AFP / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SAUDI-EXECUTION-RELIGION-DEMO(36 of36)
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Iraqi men hold portraits of prominent Shiite Muslim cleric Nimr al-Nimr during a demonstration against his execution by Saudi authorities, on January 3, 2016, in the capital Baghdad. Iran and Iraq\'s top Shiite leaders condemned Saudi Arabia\'s execution of Nimr, warning ahead of protests that the killing was an injustice that could have serious consequences. AFP PHOTO / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE / AFP / AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)