ハトラ遺跡、イラク民兵組織がISから奪還 「見るに堪えない」ほどの損害か

「ISのテロリストによって荒らされており、見るに堪えないものだ」
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Iraqi children run in front of a temple in the historic city of Hatra, 350 kilometres north of Baghdad December 6, 2002. [Iraqis visit the site on the second day of the Muslim frstival of Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of the holy fasting month of Ramadan. The number of foreign tourists has dwindled in the past decade as the country reels under harsh U.N. sanctions which bar most direct flights.]
Suhaib Salem / Reuters

イラクのシーア派民兵組織「人民動員機構」は4月26日、イスラム過激派組織IS (イスラム国) が支配していたハトラ遺跡を奪還したと発表した。

紀元前2~3世紀のセレウコス朝シリア時代に建設されたハトラ遺跡は、IS支配下で甚大な損害を受けたとみられる。

遺跡都市ハトラはイラク北部モスル郊外にあり、2000年の歴史がある。人民動員機構によると、ハトラ遺跡はダーイシュ(イスラム圏や米軍、フランス政府などが使うISの呼称)から「完全に解放された」が、「敵との激しい衝突の末」に奪還できたという。

ハトラ遺跡は国連教育科学文化機関(UNESCO)の世界遺産に登録されており、1973年の映画「エクソシスト」のオープニング映像で起用された。そのハトラ遺跡から届いた最初の画像は画質が粗いが、「ISのテロリストによって荒らされており、見るに堪えないもの」となっている。

ハトラ遺跡が被った被害の程度はまだ、27日時点では完全にわかっていない。

AP通信によると、イスラム教シーア派主体の民兵組織はイラク政府の認可を受け活動しているが、その報道部隊がハトラ遺跡の映像を26日午後に流した。その映像には、民兵が広大な砂漠を車で進むのに合わせて、遠くから遺跡と思われるものが映っているのが見える。映像からは、民兵が実際に遺跡を奪還できたかどうかは明らかでない。

イラクの遺跡都市ハトラ解放後初の画像。ISのテロリストによって破壊されている。見るに堪えない

速報イラク PMUによりモスル南西のハトラ地域が完全に解放されたと合同軍が公式に発表

遺跡都市ハトラは、イラク軍が猛攻撃をかけている居住地域の近くにある。ISは粉砕された

イラク 人民動員機構がUNESCO登録の遺跡都市を奪回

AP通信によると、ISが2014年夏、イラク北部の大部分を支配下に置いた後、ハトラ遺跡はモスル周辺の他の重要史跡と共に破壊された。

ISは、古代遺跡が偶像崇拝を助長すると考えているが、自分たちの軍事作戦の資金を得るため、闇市場で遺物を売っているとも言われている。

2015年4月、ISはハトラ遺跡の壁を巨大なハンマーで破壊し、彫像を攻撃用ライフルで撃つ動画を公開した。その動画の中では、はしごに乗った過激派がハンマーを使い、彫像の顔の裏側を粉々に砕け落ちるまで叩き壊す場面も映っていた。

「エクソシスト」の監督ウィリアム・フリードキンは、映画の冒頭シーンをハトラ遺跡で撮影した。神父が発掘調査中、古代メソポタミアの悪魔パズズの古代遺物を掘り出した場所だ。

悪魔パズズは、彼の護符がいつ触れられるかを知っているとされ、エクソシストの中では若い女に憑依する。

テレグラフ紙が「高さ200フィートの太陽神寺院の巨大ネットワーク」と形容した古代寺院は、映画の冒頭シーンの見所のひとつだ。

オーストラリアのニュースメディア「News.com」によると、2014年にISがハトラ遺跡に進攻したとき、この地区を略奪者から守っていた20人強の分隊の兵士たちは、現場から「逃亡」してしまった。

ハトラ遺跡で撮影された、エクソシストの高さ200フィートの寺院のシーン。太陽神シャマシュに捧げられたもので、イラクにある4ヵ所のユネスコ世界遺産のひとつだ。

きょう怪物によって破壊された古代都市ハトラは、エクソシストの冒頭のシーンで背景として使われた。

1973年の映画エクソシストで冒頭シーンが撮影されたイラクのハトラ地区はほぼ3年間、ISの支配下に置かれた。この地区は今日、イラクのPMUによって解放された。

映画の冒頭シーンのロケ地を発見した2-320野戦砲兵連隊のニック・グラン氏はテレグラフ紙に「この映画はサダム・フセインが権力を握る少し前に撮影されたものです。その冒頭シーンは当時、この地で実際に進められていた発掘作業の現場で制作されました」と語った。

「『あ!ここはまさに俺たちが守っていた場所じゃないか』と思いました。私たちはここで非常に長い時間を過ごしてきたんです。あなたもすぐに分かりますよ」

人民動員機構が、4月25日の夜明けに攻撃を開始し、近隣の砂漠地帯の都市部とハトラ遺跡を奪還した。

その近隣のハトラ新市街は未だ完全には奪還されていないが、ハシュドによると、人民動員機構は、「ダーイシュの防衛の崩壊後にハトラに侵入」した。

人民動員機構は声明で、26日の作戦で19人の自爆テロリストを含む61人のIS戦闘員を処刑したという。各自の家から脱出した約2500人の民間人が避難した。

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古代都市ハトラの寺院の前で写真を撮影するアラブ系外国人 (2002年12月)。SUHAIB SALEM / REUTERS

モスルの68マイル(約100km)南西にある、ISのイラク都市部最後の牙城だったハトラは、ここ数カ月で奪還された遺跡のひとつだ。

ISは、シリアとイラクから両面から攻撃を受け、複数の遺跡を含む、以前に支配していた地域の大半を失った。

イラク政府は2016年11月、紀元前13世紀に設立され、アッシリア王国の首都にもなったニムルドを奪還したと伝えた。

その後、この地域の最も重要な遺跡の数々がブルドーザーや爆弾で破壊された様子が報道された。

2017年3月には、シリア軍がパルミラとモスルの博物館を奪還している。

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2002年にハトラで撮影されたもう一枚の写真

ハトラは、1〜2世紀に宗教と貿易の中心地として栄えた。パルティア王国時代には大規模な城壁都市となり、最初のアラブ王国の首都だった。

アラブ語ではAl Hadhrと知られるこの場所は、高く築かれた厚い城壁により、紀元116年と、198年のローマ軍の侵略にも持ちこたえたと言われている。ハトラは、160基以上の塔に囲まれていた。その中心部には多数の寺院、そしてその中央には以前は30メートルの高さにそびえる柱に支えられていた大寺院があった。

ハフポストUK版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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In this Saturday, Feb. 14, 2015 photo, family relative of abducted Coptic Christian Samuel Walham, one of 21 Coptic Egyptian men seized by Islamic State militants in the central city of Sirte, Libya more than a month ago, covers her face as she weeps at their home in the village of el-Aour, near Minya, 220 kilometers (135 miles) south of Cairo, Egypt. A video purporting to show the mass beheading of Coptic Christian hostages was released Sunday, Feb. 15, 2015, by militants in Libya affiliated with the Islamic State group. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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In this Saturday, Feb. 14, 2015 photo, family relatives of abducted Coptic Christian Samuel Walham, one of 21 Coptic Egyptian men seized by Islamic State militants in the central city of Sirte, Libya more than a month ago, weep outside their home in the village of el-Aour, near Minya, 220 kilometers (135 miles) south of Cairo, Egypt. A video purporting to show the mass beheading of Coptic Christian hostages was released Sunday, Feb. 15, 2015, by militants in Libya affiliated with the Islamic State group. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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In this Saturday, Feb. 14, 2015 photo, family relatives of abducted Coptic Christian Samuel Walham, one of 21 Coptic Egyptian men seized by Islamic State militants in the central city of Sirte, Libya, more than a month ago, weep outside their home in the village of el-Aour, near Minya, 220 kilometers (135 miles) south of Cairo, Egypt. A video purporting to show the mass beheading of Coptic Christian hostages was released Sunday, Feb. 15, 2015, by militants in Libya affiliated with the Islamic State group. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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In this image released by the Egyptian Presidency in the early hours of Monday, Feb. 16, 2015, President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi makes a statement after militants in Libya affiliated with the Islamic State group released a grisly video showing the beheading of several Egyptian Coptic Christians it had held hostage for weeks. Egypt said Monday it has launched airstrikes against Islamic State targets in Libya following the release of the video, marking the first time Cairo has publicly acknowledged taking military action in neighboring Libya, where extremist groups seen as a threat to both countries have taken root in recent years. (AP Photo/Egyptian Presidency) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Iraqi women react as they looks at their destroyed home after returning on February 14, 2015 to the village of Al-Mansuriya, 65 kilometres north-east of Diyala province, north of Baghdad, from which they and thousands of others were displaced due to fighting between government forces and militants from the Islamic State (IS) group. Iraqi government forces and allied militia retook Al-Mansuriya from the IS group\'s control on February 2, 2015. AFP PHOTO / YOUNIS AL-BAYATI (Photo credit should read YOUNIS AL-BAYATI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:YOUNIS AL-BAYATI via Getty Images)
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Members of the Iraqi security forces give directions and cehck documents as Iraqis return to the village of Al-Mansuriya, 65 kilometres north-east of Diyala province, north of Baghdad, from which they were displaced due to fighting between government forces and militants from the Islamic State (IS) group on February 14, 2015. Iraqi government forces and allied militia retook Al-Mansuriya from the IS group\'s control on February 2, 2015. AFP PHOTO / YOUNIS AL-BAYATI (Photo credit should read YOUNIS AL-BAYATI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:YOUNIS AL-BAYATI via Getty Images)
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An Iraqi woman reacts as she looks at her destroyed home after returning on February 14, 2015 to the village of Al-Mansuriya, 65 kilometres north-east of Diyala province, north of Baghdad, from which she and thousands of others were displaced due to fighting between government forces and militants from the Islamic State (IS) group. Iraqi government forces and allied militia retook Al-Mansuriya from the IS group\'s control on February 2, 2015. AFP PHOTO / YOUNIS AL-BAYATI (Photo credit should read YOUNIS AL-BAYATI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:YOUNIS AL-BAYATI via Getty Images)
Relatives of Peshmergas held captive by ISIL stage protest in Iraq's Kirkuk(48 of62)
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KIRKUK, IRAQ - FEBRUARY 14: Relatives of Peshmergas, held captive by Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) terrorists, stage demonstration in Kirkuk, Iraq on February 14, 2015 (Photo by Ali Mukarrem Garip/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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People mocking members of the Islamic State group parade during the 87th edition of the carnival parade in the streets of Aalst on February 15, 2015. AFP PHOTO / BELGA / NICOLAS MAETERLINCK ***BELGIUM OUT*** (Photo credit should read NICOLAS MAETERLINCK/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICOLAS MAETERLINCK via Getty Images)
PALESTINIAN-ISRAEL-CONFLICT(50 of62)
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Palestinian protesters hold placard to protest against \'terrorism\' on February 13, 2015 before a demonstration against Jewish settlements in the West Bank village of Bilin, west of Ramallah. The posters show pictures of US aid worker Kayla Mueller, who died as a hostage of Islamic State (IS) group jihadists. AFP PHOTO/ABBAS MOMANI (Photo credit should read ABBAS MOMANI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ABBAS MOMANI via Getty Images)
NCSU Hold Vigil For Deah, Yusor, and Razan in Raleigh,USA(51 of62)
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RALEIGH, USA - February 12: People pray at the beginning of a vigil for Deah Shaddy Barakat, his wife Yusor Abu-Salha, and her sister Razan Abu-Salha on the campus of North Carolina State University in Raleigh, USA on February 12, 2015. Muslim students Deah Barakat, 23, his wife Yusor Mohammad Abu-Salha, 21, and her sister Razan Mohammad Abu-Salha, 19, were shot dead at their home on Tuesday in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. (Photo by Samuel Corum/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
NCSU Hold Vigil For Deah, Yusor, and Razan in Raleigh,USA(52 of62)
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RALEIGH, USA - February 12: Friends and family members pray at a vigil for Deah Shaddy Barakat, his wife Yusor Abu-Salha, and her sister Razan Abu-Salha on the campus of North Carolina State University in Raleigh, USA on February 12, 2015. Muslim students Deah Barakat, 23, his wife Yusor Mohammad Abu-Salha, 21, and her sister Razan Mohammad Abu-Salha, 19, were shot dead at their home on Tuesday in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. (Photo by Samuel Corum/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
NCSU Hold Vigil For Deah, Yusor, and Razan in Raleigh,USA(53 of62)
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RALEIGH, USA - February 12: People pray at the beginning of a vigil for Deah Shaddy Barakat, his wife Yusor Abu-Salha, and her sister Razan Abu-Salha on the campus of North Carolina State University in Raleigh, USA on February 12, 2015. Muslim students Deah Barakat, 23, his wife Yusor Mohammad Abu-Salha, 21, and her sister Razan Mohammad Abu-Salha, 19, were shot dead at their home on Tuesday in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. (Photo by Samuel Corum/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
NCSU Hold Vigil For Deah, Yusor, and Razan in Raleigh,USA(54 of62)
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RALEIGH, USA - February 12: Friends comfort each other at a vigil for Deah Shaddy Barakat, his wife Yusor Abu-Salha, and her sister Razan Abu-Salha on the campus of North Carolina State University in Raleigh, USA on February 12, 2015. Muslim students Deah Barakat, 23, his wife Yusor Mohammad Abu-Salha, 21, and her sister Razan Mohammad Abu-Salha, 19, were shot dead at their home on Tuesday in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. (Photo by Samuel Corum/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Children sit in a makeshift classroom after its opening at a camp that hosts Shiite Turkmen displaced families who fled violence in the northern city of Tal Afar due to attacks by Islamic State (IS) jihadists, on February 12, 2015, in Yeryawah, 25 km west of the northern Iraqi city of Kirkuk. Iraq\'s Turkmen minority, of Turkic ethnicity, is one of the country\'s largest and lives exclusively in the north. It is mostly Sunni Muslim but its Shiite component has been systematically targeted by jihadists over the past months. AFP PHOTO / MARWAN IBRAHIM (Photo credit should read MARWAN IBRAHIM/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARWAN IBRAHIM via Getty Images)
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Children sit in a makeshift classroom after its opening at a camp that hosts Shiite Turkmen displaced families who fled violence in the northern city of Tal Afar due to attacks by Islamic State (IS) jihadists, on February 12, 2015, in Yeryawah, 25 km west of the northern Iraqi city of Kirkuk. Iraq\'s Turkmen minority, of Turkic ethnicity, is one of the country\'s largest and lives exclusively in the north. It is mostly Sunni Muslim but its Shiite component has been systematically targeted by jihadists over the past months. AFP PHOTO / MARWAN IBRAHIM (Photo credit should read MARWAN IBRAHIM/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARWAN IBRAHIM via Getty Images)
A group of Syrian refugees return to their hometowns Kobani from Turkey(57 of62)
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SANLIURFA, TURKEY - FEBRUARY 12: A Group of Syrian Kurds, has been sheltering in Turkey as a result of ongoing clashes between Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) terrorists and Kurdish armed groups, return to their hometown Kobani (Ayn al-Arab) by the guidance of Turkish officials after ISIL leaves, in Sanliurfa, Turkey on February 12, 2015. (Photo by Halil Fidan/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
A group of Syrian refugees return to their hometowns Kobani from Turkey(58 of62)
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SANLIURFA, TURKEY - FEBRUARY 12: A Group of Syrian Kurds, has been sheltering in Turkey as a result of ongoing clashes between Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) terrorists and Kurdish armed groups, return to their hometown Kobani (Ayn al-Arab) by the guidance of Turkish officials after ISIL leaves, in Sanliurfa, Turkey on February 12, 2015. (Photo by Halil Fidan/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
A group of Syrian refugees return to their hometowns Kobani from Turkey(59 of62)
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SANLIURFA, TURKEY - FEBRUARY 12: A Group of Syrian Kurds, has been sheltering in Turkey as a result of ongoing clashes between Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) terrorists and Kurdish armed groups, return to their hometown Kobani (Ayn al-Arab) by the guidance of Turkish officials after ISIL leaves, in Sanliurfa, Turkey on February 12, 2015. (Photo by Halil Fidan/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
A group of Syrian refugees return to their hometowns Kobani from Turkey(60 of62)
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SANLIURFA, TURKEY - FEBRUARY 12: A Group of Syrian Kurds, has been sheltering in Turkey as a result of ongoing clashes between Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) terrorists and Kurdish armed groups, return to their hometown Kobani (Ayn al-Arab) by the guidance of Turkish officials after ISIL leaves, in Sanliurfa, Turkey on February 12, 2015. (Photo by Halil Fidan/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
A group of Syrian refugees return to their hometowns Kobani from Turkey(61 of62)
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SANLIURFA, TURKEY - FEBRUARY 12: A Group of Syrian Kurds, has been sheltering in Turkey as a result of ongoing clashes between Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) terrorists and Kurdish armed groups, return to their hometown Kobani (Ayn al-Arab) by the guidance of Turkish officials after ISIL leaves, in Sanliurfa, Turkey on February 12, 2015. (Photo by Halil Fidan/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
A group of Syrian refugees return to their hometowns Kobani from Turkey(62 of62)
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SANLIURFA, TURKEY - FEBRUARY 12: A Group of Syrian Kurds, has been sheltering in Turkey as a result of ongoing clashes between Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) terrorists and Kurdish armed groups, return to their hometown Kobani (Ayn al-Arab) by the guidance of Turkish officials after ISIL leaves, in Sanliurfa, Turkey on February 12, 2015. (Photo by Halil Fidan/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)

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