イスラム国の戦い方に変化 試されるアメリカ空爆の効力

イラクで支配地域を広げる過激派組織「イスラム国」。6月に北部モスルなどを電撃的に制圧したころは、略奪した米国製の武装車両などに乗って自らの強さを誇示していたが、最近は戦闘員が地域社会に潜伏するなど、戦い方が大きく変容し始めている。
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Reuters

[BAQIRTA(イラク)/ワシントン 31日 ロイター] - イラクで支配地域を広げる過激派組織「イスラム国」。6月に北部モスルなどを電撃的に制圧したころは、略奪した米国製の武装車両などに乗って自らの強さを誇示していたが、最近は戦闘員が地域社会に潜伏するなど、戦い方が大きく変容し始めている。

複数の現地証言によると、イスラム国の戦闘員の多くは、米軍による空爆のターゲットになりやすい武装車両を捨て、住民の中に紛れ込もうとしている。恐ろしい存在であることに変わりはないものの、以前に比べるとかなり慎重に行動するようになっているという。

米軍がイラクでの空爆に踏み切って約3週間。同国最大のダムであるモスル・ダムは、イラク軍とクルド人民兵組織がイスラム国から奪還した。また8月31日には、数千人の住民がイスラム国によって包囲されていた北部都市アメルリもイラク軍が制圧下に置いた。

これらの戦況を受けてイスラム国の動きがさらにどう変わるかは定かではない。ただ、イラクとシリアで国土の3分の1を制圧したイスラム国の戦術変更は、オバマ米政権や米国防総省、米軍が支援するイラク軍やクルド人民兵組織にとって、大きな問題であることを意味する。

シーア派中心の政権に不満を募らせていた他のスンニ派武装勢力と手を組んだイスラム国は、配下に8000─2万人の戦闘員を抱えているとされ、イラク北部や西部では一大勢力を形成している。

イラクの治安当局者や専門家らは、そうした聖戦主義者らを一掃するには、米軍の特殊作戦部隊(SOF)や顧問団による指導の下、イラク軍とスンニ派部族、クルド人民兵組織が参加する地上戦も必要になると指摘する。

イスラム国を撃破するには、隣国シリアでの拠点に対する空爆もほぼ確実に必要だが、現地では米情報機関の活動が手薄であることから、多くの民間人が巻き添えになるリスクもある。

イラク軍の元将校アリ・アルハイダリ氏は「(イスラム国からの)地域奪還には空爆以上のことが必要だ。特別な訓練を受けた兵士と現地住民からの支援が欠かせない」と語っている。

また米海軍大学の中東問題専門家ハヤット・アルビ氏は、米政府の姿勢について、イスラム国を封じ込めたいのか、完全な一掃を目指すのか、決断する必要があると指摘。「もし米政府が本気でイスラム国を打ち砕き、脅威を取り除きたいなら、もっと大きな関与が求められる」との見解を示した。

<空爆が効果発揮>

米軍は8月8日以降、クルド人自治区の主都アルビルやモスル・ダム、クルド人少数派ヤジディ教徒が孤立したシンジャル山など、イラク北部で空爆を繰り返している。

最初に空爆を行ったのは空母「ジョージ・H・W・ブッシュ」から飛び立った「F/A─18」戦闘機で、大量虐殺の脅威に直面していたヤジディ教徒を保護する人道目的だった。米当局者によると、現在は陸上機や無人機も空爆に加わっているという。

米国家安全保障会議(NSC)の元イラク担当責任者ダグラス・オリバント氏は「これまでのところ、空爆はイスラム国の前進を食い止めることに注力している。少なくともイラク国内ではかなり成功を収めている」と評価した。

空爆には米軍戦闘機だけでなく、ロシアからイラク軍に納入された戦闘機「スホイ25」も参加しており、イラクおよび西側当局者は、空軍力強化は大きな効果を発揮していると口をそろえる。ただ、イスラム国の戦闘員の犠牲者に関する具体的な数字は明らかになっていない。

イスラム国が占拠するモスルでは現在、組織の戦闘員が力を誇示するような行動は見られない。報復を恐れて匿名を条件に取材に応じた住民の1人は、「彼らは以前よりは目立たない。空爆の明確なターゲットになるので、トラックで機関銃を使うのを避けている」と語った。

米軍の空爆により、北部アメルリ周辺地域では、イスラム国に対するイラク軍とクルド人民兵組織の組織的攻撃が可能になった。シーア派のトルクメン人が多く住む同地域はイスラム国によって包囲され、食料や水、医療品が届かない状況が2カ月ほど続いていたが、8月31日にイラク政府の管理下に戻った。

クルド人部隊は、米軍による空爆なしでは、アルビルでイスラム国の前進を食い止めるのは難しかったと語る。またモスルの複数の情報筋によると、イスラム国の指導部の一部も空爆で殺害されたという。

クルド人自治政府は、爆撃を受けた車両が炎上し、イスラム国の戦闘員らが重傷を負ったり、死亡したりするのを目撃したとしている。クルド民主党(KDP)の高官、ネジャト・アリ・サリフ氏は「自分たちは彼らより強いと感じている」と語った。

<ロシア製の戦闘機>

イラク空軍によるイスラム国への攻撃は当初、ヘリコプターやセスナ機からのロケット弾に限られていた。

しかし6月末までには、ロシアがイラクへの「スホイ25」納入で合意。国際戦略研究所(IISS)によれば、7月にイラクに届いた同戦闘機には、迷彩柄が施され、イランのイスラム革命防衛隊のマークが書かれていたという。

イラクとイランの政府当局者は、これら戦闘機の出自について口を閉ざしており、実際に誰が操縦しているのかも明らかにしていない。

イラク軍のアリ・アブドルカリーム大佐は、バグダッドでは先月、戦闘機によってイスラム国の進撃を阻止したと説明。米軍機に比べるとパイロットの経験が浅く、ミサイルの精度も劣るが、地上部隊との連携は改善していると語った。

<テロリストの軍隊>

とはいえ、イラクでイスラム国を撃退するのは簡単ではない。

米軍の空爆は、クルド人に対するイスラム国の怒りを増幅させているようにも見える。イスラム国は8月28日、クルド人の捕虜15人が映った映像を公開したが、そこには、捕らわれた男性1人が処刑される場面も含まれている。また捕虜のうち3人は、クルド自治政府のバルザニ議長に対し、米国との軍事協力を止めるよう訴えた。

クルド自治政府の高官は「われわれが現在戦っているのは、よく訓練され、完全武装したテロリストの軍隊だ」とし、「彼らが戦いに非常に巧みであるのは認めなくてはならない」と苦渋の表情を見せた。

スンニ派の多い地域をイスラム国から奪還するのは困難に見える。2007─08年のイラクへの大増派(サージ)では、米軍は国際武装組織アルカイダと戦うために一部のスンニ派グループとは密接に協力し合っていた。米軍から当時訓練を受けた人の一部は、今はイスラム国と行動を共にしているという。

また、クルド人民兵組織によると、空爆後に見つかるイスラム国側の死者は思っていたよりも数が少ないという。複数のクルド人当局者は、その理由として、生き延びた戦闘員らが遺体を即座に収容した可能性だけでなく、空爆対象地域にはそもそもイスラム国の戦闘員が多く残っていなかった可能性も挙げている。

<シリアに新しい拠点>

イスラム国は、シリアでも新たに拠点を築いている。8月24日には、軍が使う主要空港の1つを掌握した。それに先立つ21日、デンプシー米統合参謀本部議長は、イラクでのイスラム国の撃退には、シリアでの同組織に対する攻撃でも成功することが必要だとの見解を示した。

しかし、米軍が豊富な経験を有し、現地に友軍も存在するイラクとは違い、シリアでの作戦遂行には難題が山積している。オバマ政権は、シリアのアサド政権とは関係を持っていない。アサド政府軍とイスラム国の両方による防空作戦は手ごわいものになるだろう。

オバマ大統領は先に、シリアでのイスラム国に対する空爆の観測を否定。シリアでの武装勢力との戦いについては「まだ戦略を持っていない」と語った。ホワイトハウスによれば、オバマ大統領は軍事顧問らが提示する選択肢を慎重に検討したい意向だという。

バグダッドを拠点にイラクの武装勢力を研究するヒシャム・アルハシミ氏は「空爆はこれまでのところ、イスラム国の組織構造や武器、彼らの力の源泉である油田や、イラクとシリア間の密輸は狙っていない」と指摘。「イスラム国をクルド人地区から遠ざけるという目的は達成したが、大きな勝利は収めていない」と語った。

(原文:Isabel Coles and Peter Apps、翻訳:宮井伸明、編集:伊藤典子)

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IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(24 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing to safety, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(25 of61)
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Displaced Iraqis from the Yazidi community cross the Syrian-Iraqi border along the Fishkhabur bridge over the Tigris River at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(26 of61)
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Displaced Iraqis from the Yazidi community cross the Syrian-Iraqi border along the Fishkhabur bridge over the Tigris River at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(27 of61)
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A displaced Iraqi child from the Yazidi community rests after crossing the Syrian-Iraqi border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(28 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on Mount Sinjar in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(29 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(30 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(31 of61)
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Displaced Iraqis from the Yazidi community cross the Syrian-Iraqi border along the Fishkhabur bridge over the Tigris River at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(32 of61)
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A displaced Iraqi from the Yazidi community rests after crossing the Syrian-Iraqi border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(33 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community rest after crossing the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on Mount Sinjar in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(34 of61)
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A displaced Iraqi mother from the Yazidi community carries her baby to safety as after crossing the Syrian-Iraqi border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(35 of61)
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Displaced Iraqis from the Yazidi community rest after crossing the Syrian-Iraqi border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(36 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-RELIEF-DEMO(37 of61)
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Cars drive past burning tires after displaced Iraqi Yazidis, who fled a jihadist onslaught on Sinjar, demonstrated demanding more aid at the Bajid Kandala camp in Kurdistan\'s western Dohuk province, on August 13, 2014. Time was running out for starving Yazidis trapped on an Iraqi mountain as the West ramped up efforts to assist survivors and arm Kurdish forces battling jihadists. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(38 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community rest after crossing the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDI(39 of61)
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An Iraqi woman from the Yazidi community isits near her baby in a building under construction used as shelter after their fled their hometown of Sinjar which was attacked by Sunni militants from the Islamic state (IS), on August 12, 2014 in Dohuk, the Kurdish region of autonomous Kurdistan in Iraq. Thousands of members of the Yazidi minority are trapped on the mountain in northwestern Iraq with little food or water by jihadists from the Islamic State (IS) group who overran the region. The UN refuge agency put the number of people on the mountain at 20,000-30,000, while UN minority rights expert Rita Izsak warned they face \'a mass atrocity and potential genocide within days or hours.\' AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SYRIA-UNREST-YAZIDI-DISPLACED(40 of61)
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Peshmerga forces hand out water bottles and show the way to displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community as they cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 11, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SYRIA-UNREST-YAZIDI-DISPLACED(41 of61)
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Peshmerga forces hand out water bottles to displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community as they cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 11, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SYRIA-UNREST-YAZIDI-DISPLACED(42 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 11, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDI(43 of61)
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An Iraqi woman from the Yazidi community prepares dinner for her children in a building under construction used as shelter after their fled their hometown of Sinjar which was attacked by Sunni militants from the Islamic state (IS), on August 12, 2014 in Dohuk, the Kurdish region of autonomous Kurdistan in Iraq. Thousands of members of the Yazidi minority are trapped on the mountain in northwestern Iraq with little food or water by jihadists from the Islamic State (IS) group who overran the region. The UN refuge agency put the number of people on the mountain at 20,000-30,000, while UN minority rights expert Rita Izsak warned they face \'a mass atrocity and potential genocide within days or hours.\' AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SYRIA-UNREST-YAZIDI-DISPLACED(44 of61)
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Peshmerga forces hand out water bottles to displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community as they cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 11, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(45 of61)
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An Iraqi Yazidi fighter stands guard outside a shrine on August 10, 2014 in Sheikhan, northeast of the city of Mosul in northern Iraq and near the Kurdish city of Dohuk where Yazidis found refuge. Thousands of Yazidis, a Kurdish-speaking minority following an ancient faith rooted in Zoroastrianism, fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(46 of61)
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A picture taken on August 10, 2014 shows Yazidi Iraqi fighters walking past the grave of a child who died of malnutrition at a cemetery in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region, where Yazidi families took refuge after they fled the Mount Sinjar area. Thousands of Yazidis, a Kurdish-speaking minority following an ancient faith rooted in Zoroastrianism, fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(47 of61)
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Iraqi Yazidis, who fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar, gather at a makeshift shelter on August 10, 2014 in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region. \'The Kurdish peshmerga forces have succeeded in making 30,000 Yazidis who fled Mount Sinjar, most of them women and children, cross into Syria and return to Kurdistan,\' said Shawkat Barbahari, a Kurdhish official who is in charge of the Fishkhabur crossing with Syria. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(48 of61)
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A child sleeps as Iraqi Yazidis, who fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar, sit in a building where they found refuge on August 10, 2014 in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region. \'The Kurdish peshmerga forces have succeeded in making 30,000 Yazidis who fled Mount Sinjar, most of them women and children, cross into Syria and return to Kurdistan,\' said Shawkat Barbahari, a Kurdhish official who is in charge of the Fishkhabur crossing with Syria. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(49 of61)
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Iraqi Yazidis, who fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar, gather inside a building under construction where they found refuge on August 10, 2014 in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region. \'The Kurdish peshmerga forces have succeeded in making 30,000 Yazidis who fled Mount Sinjar, most of them women and children, cross into Syria and return to Kurdistan,\' said Shawkat Barbahari, a Kurdhish official who is in charge of the Fishkhabur crossing with Syria. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(50 of61)
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Iraqi Yazidis, who fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar, gather inside a building under construction where they found refuge on August 10, 2014 in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region. \'The Kurdish peshmerga forces have succeeded in making 30,000 Yazidis who fled Mount Sinjar, most of them women and children, cross into Syria and return to Kurdistan,\' said Shawkat Barbahari, a Kurdhish official who is in charge of the Fishkhabur crossing with Syria. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(51 of61)
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Iraqi Yazidi women who fled the violence in the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, sit at a school where they are taking shelter in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region, on August 5, 2014. Islamic State (IS) Sunni jihadists ousted the Peshmerga troops of Iraq\'s Kurdish government from the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, forcing thousands of people from their homes. The Yazidis, are a small community that follows a 4,000-year-old faith and have been repeatedly targeted by jihadists who call them \'devil-worshipers\' because of their unique beliefs and practices. AFP PHOTO/SAFIN HAMED (Photo credit should read SAFIN HAMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAFIN HAMED via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(52 of61)
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An Iraqi Yazidi family that fled the violence in the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, sit at at a school where they are taking shelter in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region, on August 5, 2014. Islamic State (IS) Sunni jihadists ousted the Peshmerga troops of Iraq\'s Kurdish government from the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, forcing thousands of people from their homes. The Yazidis, are a small community that follows a 4,000-year-old faith and have been repeatedly targeted by jihadists who call them \'devil-worshipers\' because of their unique beliefs and practices. AFP PHOTO/SAFIN HAMED (Photo credit should read SAFIN HAMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAFIN HAMED via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(53 of61)
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Iraqi Yazidis who fled the violence in the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, wait at a school where they are taking shelter in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region, on August 5, 2014. Islamic State (IS) Sunni jihadists ousted the Peshmerga troops of Iraq\'s Kurdish government from the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, forcing thousands of people from their homes. The Yazidis, are a small community that follows a 4,000-year-old faith and have been repeatedly targeted by jihadists who call them \'devil-worshipers\' because of their unique beliefs and practices. AFP PHOTO/SAFIN HAMED (Photo credit should read SAFIN HAMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAFIN HAMED via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(54 of61)
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An Iraqi Yazidi girl who fled with her family the violence in the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, stands at at a school where they are taking shelter in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region, on August 5, 2014. Islamic State (IS) Sunni jihadists ousted the Peshmerga troops of Iraq\'s Kurdish government from the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, forcing thousands of people from their homes. The Yazidis, are a small community that follows a 4,000-year-old faith and have been repeatedly targeted by jihadists who call them \'devil-worshipers\' because of their unique beliefs and practices. AFP PHOTO/SAFIN HAMED (Photo credit should read SAFIN HAMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAFIN HAMED via Getty Images)
IRAQ-CONFLICT(55 of61)
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An Iraqi Turkman Shiite child displaced from the northern Iraqi area of Tal Afar takes shelter in a school in Sadr City, one of Baghdad\'s northern Shiite-majority districts, on August 5, 2014 after fleeing fighting between the Islamic State (IS) militants and Kurdish forces in both Tal Afar and later in Sinjar. Baghdad\'s air force and Kurdish fighters from Syria joined forces with Iraq\'s embattled peshmerga to push back jihadists whose latest attacks sent thousands of civilians running for their lives. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
Doctors treat Iraqi boys lying on a hosp(56 of61)
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SINJAR, Iraq: Doctors treat Iraqi boys lying on a hospital bed in the town of Sinjar 08 July 2006 after being wounded in a car bomb attack agaisnt a Shiite mosque in the Iraqi town of Tal-al-Banat the day before. At least seven people were killed and 46 wounded in a car bombing at a mosque in northwestern Iraq in the village of Tal al-Banat near the town of Sinjar, west of the main northern city of Mosul. AFP PHOTO/MUJAHED MOHAMMED ... (Photo credit should read MUJAHED MOHAMMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MUJAHED MOHAMMED via Getty Images)
A man walks in the rubble of a mosque in(57 of61)
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TAL-AL-BANAT, Iraq: A man walks in the rubble of a mosque in the Iraqi town of Tal-al-Banat late 07 July 2006. At least seven people were killed and 46 wounded in a car bombing at a mosque in northwestern Iraq in the village of Tal al-Banat near the town of Sinjar, west of the main northern city of Mosul. AFP PHOTO/MUJAHED MOHAMMED (Photo credit should read MUJAHED MOHAMMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MUJAHED MOHAMMED via Getty Images)
Charity For Orphaned Iraqi Children(58 of61)
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NOTHERN IRAQ - DECEMBER 1: An orphaned Iraqi boy holds a packet of cheese spread given to him by a 101st Airborne Division soldier December 1, 2003 in Northern Iraq. Orphaned children such as these affected Spc. David McCorkle of the 318th Tactical Psychological Operations Company to the point where he took the steps in forming American Aid for Children of Nineveh Iraq, a humantiarian assistance corporation set to keep these children off the streets and in classrooms. (Photo by Chris Jones/U.S. Army via Getty Images) (credit:U.S. Army via Getty Images)
Iraqi Border With Syria Guarded By Iraqi Border Patrol(59 of61)
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IRAQ/SYRIA BORDER, IRAQ - OCTOBER 31: An Iraqi border guard stands on the berm separating Iraq from Syria October 31, 2003 just west of Sinjar, Iraq. U.S. president George W. Bush said recently \'We are working closely [with Syria and Iran] to let them know we expect them to enforce borders to stop people coming across.\' The commander of the 101s t Airborne Rakkasan 1-87, Lieutenant Colonel Hank Arnold, responsible for 70 miles of the porous border says they have not seen any fighters crossing the border contrary to what President Bush says.(Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images) (credit:Joe Raedle via Getty Images)
Iraqi Border With Syria Guarded By Iraqi Border Patrol(60 of61)
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IRAQ/SYRIA BORDER, IRAQ - OCTOBER 31: Iraqi border guards look into Syria as they stand on the berm separating Iraq from Syria October 31, 2003 just west of Sinjar, Iraq. U.S. president George W. Bush said recently \'We are working closely [with Syria and Iran] to let them know we expect them to enforce borders to stop people coming across.\' The commander of the 101s t Airborne Rakkasan 1-87, Lieutenant Colonel Hank Arnold, responsible for 70 miles of the porous border says they have not seen any fighters crossing the border contrary to what President Bush says.(Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images) (credit:Joe Raedle via Getty Images)
U.S. Soldiers Celebrate Halloween With Donkey Race.(61 of61)
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SINJAR, IRAQ - OCTOBER 31: U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Hank Arnold (L) and Major Scott Vezeau from the 101st Airborne Rakkasans regiment take time out on Halloween day for a donkey race October 31, 2003 at the American base in Sinjar, Iraq. The soldiers have been deployed in the northwestern region of the country since March 2003. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images) (credit:Joe Raedle via Getty Images)