韓国、アメリカと中国の板挟みに ミサイル防衛システム配備巡り

韓国は北朝鮮からのミサイル攻撃を想定した米軍の最新鋭防空システムの配備をめぐり、安全保障上の最重要同盟国である米国と、最大の貿易相手国である中国との間で板挟みになっている。
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Reuters

[ソウル 17日 ロイター] - 韓国は北朝鮮からのミサイル攻撃を想定した米軍の最新鋭防空システムの配備をめぐり、安全保障上の最重要同盟国である米国と、最大の貿易相手国である中国との間で板挟みになっている。

米国政府が正式に提案している訳ではないものの、米軍当局者は昨年6月以来、北朝鮮からのミサイル攻撃の脅威が高まっているとして、韓国に地上配備型迎撃システム「高高度防衛ミサイル(THAAD)」を配備する必要があると主張している。

こうしたミサイル防衛システムの配備について、当初は静観していた中国が反対を表明し始めており、韓国政界の一部でも中韓関係への影響を危惧する声が出ている。一方、THAADの配備は米国との同盟関係強化になるという前向きな意見も韓国の議員からは聞こえてくる。

THAADは高高度で弾道ミサイルを追跡・迎撃するシステムで、射程距離圏内には中国本土の大半も含まれることになる。

この件に詳しい韓国政府当局者の1人は「韓米関係、韓中関係を考えた場合、これはデリケートな問題。中国の懸念を認識している」と語った。

同問題がメディアの一面をにぎわすなか、韓国政府はTHAADの配備をめぐり米国と協議はしていないと強調。閔庚旭(ミン・ギョンウク)青瓦台報道官は先週、記者会見で「政府の立場は3つのノーだ。要請していないのだから、協議もしていなければ、決定もしていない」と述べた。

今月に入り、米太平洋陸軍のブルックス司令官はロイターに対し、北朝鮮がミサイルシステムを使用する意思があることを考慮すれば、韓国にTHAADを直ちに導入する必要があると指摘。

また、米シンクタンク戦略国際問題研究所(CSIS)での講演では、北朝鮮のミサイルの射程距離と精度が高まっていることは「重大な懸念」だとし、米国の領土に対する直接的な脅威だと述べていた。

■中国の懸念

一方、韓国へのTHAAD配備の可能性について、中国外務省は「安全保障上の現実的な必要性を超えており、すでに不安定な朝鮮半島情勢をさらに悪化させるもの」だとし、「関係国に対し、行動を起こす前によく考えるよう求める」とロイターに語った。

中国は韓国にとって最大の貿易相手国であり、2014年の二国間貿易額は2354億ドルに上る。一方、韓国と米国の貿易額は1156億ドルで、対中貿易の約半分に過ぎない。韓国の朴槿恵大統領と中国の習近平国家主席はそれぞれ2013年に就任して以来、6度も会談を行っており、緊密な関係を築いている。

また最近は関係が冷え込んでいるとはいえ、中国は北朝鮮にとって最大の支援国でもある。

訪韓中のラッセル米国務次官補(東アジア・太平洋担当)は17日、米軍と韓国軍は両国の国民を守る義務があるとし、「まだ実際に配備されていない安全保障システムについて第3国が強い抗議を表明するのはおかしなことだ」と中国を暗にけん制した。

韓国国防省のキム・ミンソク報道官も、周辺国が韓国の安保政策に影響力を行使しようとしてはならないと語った。

だが、別の韓国政府当局者は同国が抱えるジレンマを強調。「米国が軍事作戦の一環として(THAADを)配備したいのであれば、われわれはその是非を言える立場にない」と述べた。

(Jack Kim記者、翻訳:伊藤典子、編集:宮井伸明)

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