世界銀行:ラテンアメリカの経済減速が仕事や家計を圧迫

世界銀行チーフエコノミストは、今回の予測には不確定要素が多いとした上で、2015年はゼロ成長に、2016年はわずかに上昇して1%になるとしている。
Open Image Modal
世界銀行グループ

• 地域全体の成長は2015年も低迷するも、2016年は上昇の見込み

• 商品相場高騰の際に成長が小幅だった国が現在、一次産品輸出国より好調

• 南アメリカを中心に、仕事、賃金、所得分配に成長減速の悪影響

リマ、2015年10月6日-世界銀行が半期に一度発表する経済報告「仕事、賃金、ラテンアメリカの成長減速」の最新版の中で、世界銀行チーフエコノミスト(ラテンアメリカ・カリブ海地域総局担当)は、今回の予測には不確定要素が多いとした上で、2015年はゼロ成長に、2016年はわずかに上昇して1%になるとしている。このとおりになれば、同地域が当初の予測を下回るのは連続して5年目となる。これは、中国の急激な成長鈍化と一次産品価格の下落をはじめとする外的状況悪化の影響が、新たな要因、特に内的要因によって長引いていることを示すものだ。

メキシコ、中米やカリブ海諸国は、米国との直接的な結びつきが強く、商品相場高騰の際や、2008~09年の世界金融危機後の成長率は他国と比較して低かったが、現在では他国より速いペースで回復しつつある。具体的には、パナマ、ドミニカ共和国、ニカラグアが地域平均をはるかに上回り、それぞれ5.9%、5%、4.5%という大幅な伸びを示すだろう。

中国の成長鈍化と一次産品価格低下により直接的な影響を受けている南米諸国では、成長の傾向は上記各国と異なる。ボリビア、コロンビア、パラグアイ、ペルー、ウルグアイの2015年平均成長率は3%、アルゼンチンはかろうじてプラス成長、ブラジル、エクアドル、ベネズエラはマイナス成長が予測されている。チリは、今年の成長率が2.2%とやや変則的なケースだが、2016年は商品相場高騰後の状況に必要な調整を既に済ませているため回復が見込まれる。

関連リンク

● 経済報告「仕事、賃金、ラテンアメリカの成長減速」全文(英語)

ブラジル 反政府抗議デモ
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(01 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators protest in support of democracy and ethics in Brazilian politics and against corruption at Liberty Square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil on March 15, 2015. AFP PHOTO/Douglas MAGNO (Photo credit should read Douglas Magno/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOUGLAS MAGNO via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(02 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators protest in support of democracy and ethics in Brazilian politics and against corruption at Liberty Square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil on March 15, 2015. AFP PHOTO/Douglas MAGNO (Photo credit should read Douglas Magno/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOUGLAS MAGNO via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(03 of32)
Open Image Modal
A child during a protest in support of democracy and ethics in Brazilian politics and against corruption at Liberty Square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil on March 15, 2015. AFP PHOTO/Douglas MAGNO (Photo credit should read Douglas Magno/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOUGLAS MAGNO via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(04 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators carry a mock coffing during a protest in support of democracy and ethics in Brazilian politics and against corruption at Liberty Square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil on March 15, 2015. The placard reads \'Dilma Out-Enough!-No More Lies!\'. AFP PHOTO/Douglas MAGNO (Photo credit should read Douglas Magno/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOUGLAS MAGNO via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(05 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators hold a sign reading \'Revolution is shame, that is why I am here\' as they protest in support of democracy and ethics in Brazilian politics and against corruption at Liberty Square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil on March 15, 2015. AFP PHOTO/Douglas MAGNO (Photo credit should read Douglas Magno/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOUGLAS MAGNO via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(06 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators protest in support of democracy and ethics in Brazilian politics and against corruption at Liberty Square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil on March 15, 2015. AFP PHOTO/Douglas MAGNO (Photo credit should read Douglas Magno/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOUGLAS MAGNO via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(07 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators protest in support of democracy and ethics in Brazilian politics and against corruption at Liberty Square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil on March 15, 2015. AFP PHOTO/Douglas MAGNO (Photo credit should read Douglas Magno/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOUGLAS MAGNO via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(08 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators protest in support of democracy and ethics in Brazilian politics and against corruption at Liberty Square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil on March 15, 2015. AFP PHOTO/Douglas MAGNO (Photo credit should read Douglas Magno/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOUGLAS MAGNO via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(09 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators protest in support of democracy and ethics in Brazilian politics and against corruption at Liberty Square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil on March 15, 2015. AFP PHOTO/Douglas MAGNO (Photo credit should read Douglas Magno/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOUGLAS MAGNO via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-CYCLISTS-NAKED-PROTEST(10 of32)
Open Image Modal
A group of cyclists ride naked to demand better conditions on roads in the city and to draw attention from car drivers, as part of the World Naked Bike Ride (WNBR) international movement, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on March 14, 2015. AFP PHOTO / YASUYOSHI CHIBA (Photo credit should read YASUYOSHI CHIBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:YASUYOSHI CHIBA via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(11 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators protest in support of democracy and ethics in Brazilian politics and against corruption at Liberty Square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil on March 15, 2015. AFP PHOTO/Douglas MAGNO (Photo credit should read Douglas Magno/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DOUGLAS MAGNO via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(12 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators rally to protest against the government of president Dilma Rousseff in Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 15 March, 2015. Thousands of demonstrators clad in the yellow-green national colours protested Sunday in several cities of Brazil against president Dilma Rousseff, who is facing a complex economic panorama and a political corruption scandal. AFP PHOTO / CHRISTOPHE SIMON (Photo credit should read CHRISTOPHE SIMON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHRISTOPHE SIMON via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(13 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators rally to protest against the government of president Dilma Rousseff in Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 15 March, 2015. Thousands of demonstrators clad in the yellow-green national colours protested Sunday in several cities of Brazil against president Dilma Rousseff, who is facing a complex economic panorama and a political corruption scandal. AFP PHOTO / CHRISTOPHE SIMON (Photo credit should read CHRISTOPHE SIMON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHRISTOPHE SIMON via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(14 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators rally to protest against the government of president Dilma Rousseff in Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 15 March, 2015. Thousands of demonstrators clad in the yellow-green national colours protested Sunday in several cities of Brazil against president Dilma Rousseff, who is facing a complex economic panorama and a political corruption scandal. AFP PHOTO / CHRISTOPHE SIMON (Photo credit should read CHRISTOPHE SIMON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHRISTOPHE SIMON via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(15 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators rally to protest against the government of president Dilma Rousseff in Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 15 March, 2015. Thousands of demonstrators clad in the yellow-green national colours protested Sunday in several cities of Brazil against president Dilma Rousseff, who is facing a complex economic panorama and a political corruption scandal. AFP PHOTO / CHRISTOPHE SIMON (Photo credit should read CHRISTOPHE SIMON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHRISTOPHE SIMON via Getty Images)
Mass Anti-Corruption Marches Across Brazil Protest Petrobras Scandal(16 of32)
Open Image Modal
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL - MARCH 15: Thousands of anti-government protesters march along Copacabana beach on March 15, 2015 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Protests across the country were held today against President Dilma Rousseff\'s government with many protesters calling for her impeachment. A massive corruption scandal at Brazil\'s state-owned oil company Petrobras has rocked the government and Dilma\'s approval ratings are now around 23 percent. Brazil\'s inflation rate has hovered around ten-year highs recently while the currency, the Brazilian real, has passed twelve-year lows when measured against the U.S. dollar. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
Mass Anti-Corruption Marches Across Brazil Protest Petrobras Scandal(17 of32)
Open Image Modal
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL - MARCH 15: Anti-government protesters march along Copacabana beach on March 15, 2015 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Protests across the country were held today against President Dilma Rousseff\'s government with many protesters calling for her impeachment. A massive corruption scandal at Brazil\'s state-owned oil company Petrobras has rocked the government and Dilma\'s approval ratings are now around 23 percent. Brazil\'s inflation rate has hovered around ten-year highs recently while the currency, the Brazilian real, has passed twelve-year lows when measured against the U.S. dollar. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
Mass Anti-Corruption Marches Across Brazil Protest Petrobras Scandal(18 of32)
Open Image Modal
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL - MARCH 15: Thousands of anti-government protesters march along Copacabana beach on March 15, 2015 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Protests across the country were held today against President Dilma Rousseff\'s government with many protesters calling for her impeachment. A massive corruption scandal at Brazil\'s state-owned oil company Petrobras has rocked the government and Dilma\'s approval ratings are now around 23 percent. Brazil\'s inflation rate has hovered around ten-year highs recently while the currency, the Brazilian real, has passed twelve-year lows when measured against the U.S. dollar. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
Mass Anti-Corruption Marches Across Brazil Protest Petrobras Scandal(19 of32)
Open Image Modal
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL - MARCH 15: Anti-government protesters carry a large Brazilian flag while marching along Copacabana beach on March 15, 2015 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Protests across the country were held today against President Dilma Rousseff\'s government with many protesters calling for her impeachment. A massive corruption scandal at Brazil\'s state-owned oil company Petrobras has rocked the government and Dilma\'s approval ratings are now around 23 percent. Brazil\'s inflation rate has hovered around ten-year highs recently while the currency, the Brazilian real, has passed twelve-year lows when measured against the U.S. dollar. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(20 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators rally to protest against the government of president Dilma Rousseff in Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 15 March, 2015. Thousands of demonstrators wearing the yellow-green national colours protested Sunday in several cities of Brazil against president Dilma Rousseff, who is facing a complex economic panorama and a political corruption scandal. AFP PHOTO / YASUYOSHI CHIBA (Photo credit should read YASUYOSHI CHIBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:YASUYOSHI CHIBA via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(21 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators rally to protest against the government of president Dilma Rousseff in Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 15 March, 2015. Thousands of demonstrators wearing the yellow-green national colours protested Sunday in several cities of Brazil against president Dilma Rousseff, who is facing a complex economic panorama and a political corruption scandal. AFP PHOTO / YASUYOSHI CHIBA (Photo credit should read YASUYOSHI CHIBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:YASUYOSHI CHIBA via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(22 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demostrators protest against the government of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff in Brasilia, on March 15, 2015. Tens of thousands of Brazilians turned out for demonstrations Sundays to oppose leftist president Dilma Rousseff, a target of rising discontent amid a faltering economy and a massive corruption scandal at state oil giant Petrobras. AFP PHOTO/EVARISTO SA (Photo credit should read EVARISTO SA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:EVARISTO SA via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(23 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demostrators protest against the government of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff in Brasilia, on March 15, 2015. Tens of thousands of Brazilians turned out for demonstrations Sundays to oppose leftist president Dilma Rousseff, a target of rising discontent amid a faltering economy and a massive corruption scandal at state oil giant Petrobras. AFP PHOTO/EVARISTO SA (Photo credit should read EVARISTO SA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:EVARISTO SA via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(24 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demostrators protest against the government of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff in Brasilia, on March 15, 2015. Tens of thousands of Brazilians turned out for demonstrations Sundays to oppose leftist president Dilma Rousseff, a target of rising discontent amid a faltering economy and a massive corruption scandal at state oil giant Petrobras. AFP PHOTO/EVARISTO SA (Photo credit should read EVARISTO SA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:EVARISTO SA via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(25 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demostrators protest against the government of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff in Brasilia, on March 15, 2015. Tens of thousands of Brazilians turned out for demonstrations Sundays to oppose leftist president Dilma Rousseff, a target of rising discontent amid a faltering economy and a massive corruption scandal at state oil giant Petrobras. AFP PHOTO/EVARISTO SA (Photo credit should read EVARISTO SA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:EVARISTO SA via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(26 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators protest against the government of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff in Manaus, Brazil, on March 15, 2015. Tens of thousands of Brazilians turned out for demonstrations Sundays to oppose leftist president Dilma Rousseff, a target of rising discontent amid a faltering economy and a massive corruption scandal at state oil giant Petrobras. AFP PHOTO/RAPHAEL ALVES (Photo credit should read RAPHAEL ALVES/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:RAPHAEL ALVES via Getty Images)
Mass Anti-Corruption Marches Across Brazil Protest Petrobras Scandal(27 of32)
Open Image Modal
SAO PAULO, BRAZIL - MARCH 15: Anti-government protesters march along Avenida Paulista on March 15, 2015 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Protests across the country were held today against President Dilma Rousseff\'s government with many protesters calling for her impeachment. A massive corruption scandal at Brazil\'s state-owned oil company Petrobras has rocked the government and Dilma\'s approval ratings are now around 23 percent. (Photo by Victor Moriyama/Getty Images) (credit:Victor Moriyama via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(28 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators rally to protest against the government of president Dilma Rousseff in Paulista Avenue in Sao Paulo, Brazil on 15 March, 2015. Tens of thousands of Brazilians turned out for demonstrations Sundays to oppose leftist president Dilma Rousseff, a target of rising discontent amid a faltering economy and a massive corruption scandal at state oil giant Petrobras. AFP PHOTO / Miguel SCHINCARIOL (Photo credit should read Miguel Schincariol/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MIGUEL SCHINCARIOL via Getty Images)
Mass Anti-Corruption Marches Across Brazil Protest Petrobras Scandal(29 of32)
Open Image Modal
SAO PAULO, BRAZIL - MARCH 15: Anti-government protesters chant as they march along Avenida Paulista on March 15, 2015 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Protests across the country were held today against President Dilma Rousseff\'s government with many protesters calling for her impeachment. A massive corruption scandal at Brazil\'s state-owned oil company Petrobras has rocked the government and Dilma\'s approval ratings are now around 23 percent. (Photo by Victor Moriyama/Getty Images) (credit:Victor Moriyama via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(30 of32)
Open Image Modal
A demonstrator holds a banner reading \'Dilma out and take the Workers Party with you\' during a rally to protest against the government of president Dilma Rousseff in Paulista Avenue in Sao Paulo Brazil on 15 March 2015. Thousands of demonstrators clad in the yellow-green national colours protested Sunday in several cities of Brazil against president Dilma Rousseff who is facing a complex economic panorama and a political corruption scandal. AFP PHOTO / NELSON ALMEIDA (Photo credit should read NELSON ALMEIDA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NELSON ALMEIDA via Getty Images)
BRAZIL-POLITICS-PROTEST(31 of32)
Open Image Modal
A girl takes part in a protest against the government of president Dilma Rousseff in Paulista Avenue in Sao Paulo Brazil on 15 March 2015. Thousands of demonstrators clad in the yellow-green national colours protested Sunday in several cities of Brazil against president Dilma Rousseff who is facing a complex economic panorama and a political corruption scandal. AFP PHOTO / NELSON ALMEIDA (Photo credit should read NELSON ALMEIDA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NELSON ALMEIDA via Getty Images)
Demonstrators carry a banner during a protest near Copacaba(32 of32)
Open Image Modal
Demonstrators carry a banner during a protest near Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sunday, March 15, 2015. Brazil\'s government will present a package of anti-corruption measures after more than 1 million people, some of them calling for President Dilma Rousseff\'s impeachment, took to the nation\'s streets Sunday. Photographer: Dado Galdieri/Bloomberg via Getty Images (credit:Bloomberg via Getty Images)