トランスジェンダーの市長、『第三の性』が認められたインドで歴史的な勝利

1月5日、インドのチャッティスガル州ライガル市で行われた市長選で、「第三の性」(トランスジェンダー)を持つ候補者が、最も有力とみられた与党インド人民党 (BJP) のライバル候補者を下し、歴史的な勝利を収めた。
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1月5日、インドのチャッティスガル州ライガル市で行われた市長選で、「第三の性」(トランスジェンダー)を持つ候補者が、最も有力とみられた与党インド人民党 (BJP) のライバル候補者を下し、歴史的な勝利を収めた。

当選したのはマドゥ・キナル氏 (35)。ネット上では肯定的な意見が多いが、政界は厳しい反応だ。

公式結果によると、キナル氏は無所属で選挙に出馬し、BJPのマハビア・グルジー氏を4537票差で下したキナルさん は「ダリット」(不可触民)と呼ばれる階層出身で、「第三の性」を持つ、初めての当選者となった。

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最大野党のインド国民会議派は今回の市長選について「キナル氏の勝利ではなく、BJPの敗北だ」と述べた。キナル氏は第三の性を持つ人物だが、ほとんどの主流メディアがキナル氏を女性としている。地元紙「テレグラフ」によると、キナルさんはサリーを着る方が好きとのこと。

キナルさんはインドで初のトランスジェンダー市長ではない。「テレグラフ」によると、過去、他にも2名の候補者が当選しているが、その自治体では市長職は女性にしか認められていないという理由で失職させられた。ライガル市の市長は女性に限定されない。

テレグラフによると、1999年12月、マドヤプラディーシュ州 (当時、チャッティスガル州が属していた地区) カトニで、カムラ・ジャーンさんが無所属の市長になった。

2000年には、ウッタルプラデシ州ゴラクプルから出馬したアシャ・デヴィ氏が当選したが、2003年に失職している。

政治家として当選した初のトランスジェンダー候補者としては、シャブナム・マウスィー氏がいる。マウスィー氏は、1998年から2003年まで、マドヤプラディーシュ州立法議会員を務めた。

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キナル氏の勝利は、インドで偏見にあい、時に警察による迫害や利用の餌食とされることも多いトランスジェンダーたちにとって、一歩前進となった。2014年4月、最高裁はトランスジェンダーを「第三の性」として合法的に認める判決を下した。最高裁はこれまで、重大な判決ではトランスジェンダーにとって社会的・経済的に不利な判決を下してきたので、この判決により、トランスジェンダーが社会保障の恩恵を受けられるようになった。

最高裁は、トランスジェンダーは第三の性に属するという原理のもと、教育機関への入学や雇用が認められるとした。最高裁はまた、全州に対し、第三の性のための公共トイレの設置と、この分類に属する人々に発生しうる医学的な問題を研究するための部門の設立を命令した。

キナルさんは、「この勝利は選挙活動中に支援してくれた地元の有権者のみなさんのものです」と語った。

「人々は私を信じてくれました。この勝利は、みなさんの私への愛と祝福です。みなさんの夢を実現させるため、一生懸命努力します」

キナル氏は、第8学年までの教育を受け、その後、特殊な仕事で生計を立ててきた。列車内で歌やダンスを披露することで生計を建てた。

PTIのインタビューで、キナル氏は「私の選挙資金は6〜7万ルピー(約12〜13万円)程度です。そもそも選挙戦に加わるよう背中を押してくれたのは一般の市民のみなさんからの支持です。私の勝因はそれだけです」と述べた。チャッティスガル州で優勢なBJPは、マヘンドラ・チャウハザ現市長の続投を認めず、今回の選挙でマハビア・グルジー氏を擁立した。インド国民会議派は3度目の正直で、満を持してジェスラム・マンハーさんを推薦した。

インド国民会議派のライガル支部長ナレンドラ・ネギ氏は「今回、ライガル市長選にモディ首相の勢力の波はやって来なかった。ライガル市民はBJPの腐敗に嫌気がさしていたため、マドゥ氏に投票しただけだ。よって、マドゥ・キナル氏の勝利などではなく、BJPの敗北だ」と述べた。

BJPの地区支部長ラジェーシュ・シャーマ氏は「市民の判断は受け入れ、検討する」と述べた。今回、続投を拒否されたBJPのチャウハザ前市長は、市民は2大政党の候補者を両方とも否定したのだと述べる。

チャウハザ氏は、候補者は状況を見て選出すべきであると言う。チャッティスガル州の154の地方自治体に関して、現在、2段階に分けて選挙の開票が行われている。

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