暴発するアメリカの帰還兵:殺人事件194件をマップ化

米陸軍の特技兵アイヴァン・ロペス(34歳)は4月2日、テキサス州フォート・フッド陸軍基地内で乱射。3人を射殺し、16人を負傷させ、その後自殺した。

米陸軍の特技兵アイヴァン・ロペス(34歳)は4月2日、テキサス州フォート・フッド陸軍基地内で乱射。3人を射殺し、16人を負傷させ、その後自殺した。

アメリカでは、イラクやアフガニスタンから帰還した後に暴力的な犯罪を引き起こす兵士が目立つ。ロペス容疑者もそのひとりであり、2011年にイラクに派遣されていた(文末ギャラリーでは、ロペス容疑者のFacebookページからその写真を紹介している)。

軍当局によるとロペス容疑者は、うつ病不安障害不眠症に苦しんでおり、心的外傷後ストレス障害(PTSD:Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)の疑いがあるとして診断を受けることになっていたという。

退役軍人省によると、イラクとアフガニスタンで従軍したアメリカ兵260万人以上のうち、約5人に1人がPTSDを患ったことがあると推定されている。

PTSDを抱える人の一部は怒りや攻撃性を見せる場合があることが、研究者やセラピストへの調査でわかっているが、戦場でのトラウマと帰還後の暴力の相関を直接裏付ける研究はない。

ニューヨーク大学ランゴン医療センターで精神科長を務めるチャールズ・R・マーマー博士は「Los Angeles Times」紙に対し、「(PTSDを患う人は、)挑発されると感情を爆発させることがあるが、それは大量殺人を引き起こすという意味ではない」と述べている

帰還兵の大多数は、帰国後に暴力的な犯罪を起こすようなことはない。帰還兵だからといって一般市民より暴力的というわけではないし、帰還兵は他人を傷つけるよりも自傷行為に向かう可能性の方がはるかに高い

とはいえ、帰還兵が一般の人々の命を奪う事件が起こるたびに(以下のインフォグラフィックに示されているように、そうした事件では家族や恋人が犠牲になることが多い)、人々はどうすればこうした悲劇を回避できたのか、答えを求めて苦悩することになる。

「The New York Times」紙は2008年に、兵士が帰国後に殺人罪で起訴された121件の事例をまとめた。2010年には、Current TV、GOOD、MGMT. designが共同でこの調査をアップデートした

ハフィントンポストアメリカ版では、こうした情報や、もっと最近のニュース記事からデータを集め、以下のインフォグラフィックを作成した。これを見ると、少なくとも194人の兵士が、イラクまたはアフガニスタンから帰還後に、殺人罪で起訴されていることがわかる。

こうした事件は、基地の周辺に集中していることも見て取れる。また、先述したように、こうした事件では家族や恋人が犠牲になることが多い(194件のうち、「家族と恋人」が対象になったのは81件で、4割を占める。「友人」も含めると5割。なお、「軍関係者」を対象にした事件は32件で、16%)。

この調査は、すべてのデータを完全に網羅した集計とは言えないかもしれないが、われわれが確認できた事例ではこのような結果になった。

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[Jan Diehm、Kathleen Miles(English) 日本語版:湯本牧子/ガリレオ]

ハフィントンポスト日本版はFacebook ページでも情報発信しています

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