立ち止まる自然エネルギー、緑茶会の動きにも注目か【争点:エネルギー】

自然エネルギーをめぐる動きは急速にしぼんでいる。今回の参院選での有権者の投票行動は、自然エネルギーに再び動き出すモメンタムを与えるのか…
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参議院選挙の争点の一つが、原子力発電を含めた「エネルギー政策」のゆくえだ。国内では現在、ほぼすべての原発が運転を停止している。7月8日には原発の新規制基準が施行されるが、唯一稼働中の関西電力大飯原発3、4号機(福井)は9月まで運転継続を認められそうで、ほかに4電力が原発12基の再稼働を申請する見通しだ。

一方で、2011年3月の東日本大震災の発生以来、原発にかわる「解」として自然エネルギーへの注目が高まった。日本の自然エネルギー発電の割合はほかの国に比べて少ない。大震災後、原子力の割合は急激に下がり、そのぶんを火力発電が埋めているが、燃料費は震災前に比べ、年3兆円あまりも増加しているという背景もある。

だが、ここへきて、自然エネルギーをめぐる動きは急速にしぼんでいる。

朝日新聞デジタルは、北海道で手つかずのまま広がる「メガソーラー(大規模な太陽光発電)」の予定地の現況をルポした。記事によると、今年4月、北海道電力は、「メガソーラーからは40万kWまでしか電気を買わない」と発表。申請は3月末までに87件、計156・8万kWあったが、7割が門前払いとなる。(朝日新聞デジタル「(アベノミクスって、なに?)現場から 自然エネ、立ち往生 送電網に限界、売れない」より。 2013/6/21)

昨年7月に始まった自然エネルギーの「固定価格買い取り制度」で、電力会社は太陽光や風力で発電した電気を固定価格で買うことが義務づけられた。当時の民主党政権は、この制度をてこに、電力の1%台しかない自然エネルギーを3割に引き上げる目標をたてた。

ソフトバンクの孫正義社長は、震災のあった2011年、個人で10億円を出資して自然エネルギー財団を設立。理事長にスウェーデンの前エネルギー庁長官、トーマス・コバリエル氏を招いた。さらに、昨年7月の「固定価格買い取り制度」開始のタイミングで、昨年7月にはソフトバンクの子会社と京セラの子会社2社、京都市が共同でメガソーラー(大規模太陽光発電所)を同市伏見区で稼働させている。

だが、前述のように、送電網への接続の問題など、自然エネルギー導入への障壁は高い。自然エネルギー財団の2月の全国調査によると、1件でも太陽光発電を断念したことがある事業者は79社のうち34社にのぼった。その理由は「土地の調達」(45%)に次いで、「送電網への接続」(25%)が多かったという。

さらに、ルポで紹介した北海道電の決断の背後には、原発を推進する立場の自民党政権が誕生したことで、停止中の原発が再稼働の運びとなると見込んでいることがある。安倍政権は成長戦略に「原発の活用」を盛り込んでいる。電力会社が以前のように原発を使えば、自然エネルギーが広がっていく余地はない。「脱原発」を訴える国会前デモも一時の高揚感は薄れ、参院選での重要な争点のはずの原発・エネルギー問題はかすみがちだ。

こうしたなか、自然エネルギー推進派の人たちは、参院選を前に「ティーパーティー」ならぬ「緑茶会(脱原発政治連盟)」を立ち上げ、参院選の推薦候補リストを公表した。

ここ数年間の日本のエネルギー政策の流れを振り返ると、東日本大震災が起きるまで、資源エネルギー小国の日本は政策的に原子力発電の利用を推進してきた。民主党の菅政権時代にも、2010年10月にベトナムで原発を受注している。

大震災を経て、野田政権の2012年5月には国内の原発50基の運用をすべて停止。7月には「2030年代に原発稼働ゼロ」の目標を決定したが、同年12月の総選挙で自民党が圧勝、エネルギー政策は再び転換点を迎える。安倍首相は2013年2月、「安全が確認された原発は再稼働」と表明。成長戦略には「原発の活用」が明記された。

自然エネルギーはいま、見出しにあるように「立ち往生」している。今回の参院選での有権者の投票行動は、自然エネルギーに再び動き出すモメンタムを与えるのか、どうか。みなさんはどう考えますか。

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