パナマ運河が拡張工事完了、従来の3倍の貨物量が通過可能に 最初に通過した船は...(画像集)

太平洋と大西洋を結ぶ中米パナマ運河で6月26日、拡張工事が完了した記念式典が行われた。
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TOPSHOT - Chinese-chartered merchant ship Cosco Shipping Panama crosses the new Agua Clara Locks during the inauguration of the expansion of the Panama Canal in Colon, 80 km from Panama City on June 26, 2016 on June 26, 2016.A giant Chinese-chartered freighter nudged its way into the expanded Panama Canal on Sunday to mark the completion of nearly a decade of work forecast to boost global trade. / AFP / RODRIGO ARANGUA (Photo credit should read RODRIGO ARANGUA/AFP/Getty Images)
RODRIGO ARANGUA via Getty Images

太平洋と大西洋を結ぶ中米パナマ運河で6月26日、拡張工事が完了した記念式典が行われた。新しい運河では従来の3倍近い貨物量の大型船の通航が可能になり、通航第1号は9427個のコンテナを積んだ中国のコスコグループ(中国援用運輸集団)の大型船だった。ガーディアンなどが報じた。

パナマ運河とは、パナマ共和国のパナマ地峡を横断して大西洋と太平洋を結ぶ運河で1914年に開通。全長は約80キロ、約9時間かけて通過する。これまでは閘門(こうもん)という水面を昇降させるシステムを使って船を通過させてきたが、長さ294.1メートル、幅 32.3メートルまでの船にしか対応できず、船舶の大型化が進むにつれて通過できない船が増加していた

2007年からより約54億ドル(約5500億円)かけて大型の閘門を建設する工事が始まり、新しい閘門では長さ366メートル、幅49メートルまでの大型船に対応できるようになった。

パナマ運河は、エジプトのスエズ運河を建設したレセップスが掘削を試みて失敗し、その後アメリカが建設。当初の運河条約で運河の両側5マイル(約8キロ)のパナマ運河地帯は事実上アメリカ領土となった。1968年の軍事クーデターで実権を握ったトリホス将軍が条約改定交渉を行い、1977年の新パナマ運河条約で運河はパナマに返還されることになった。

1981年にトリホス将軍が航空機事故で死亡し、軍司令官のノリエガ将軍が軍政を敷いたが、アメリカは1989年に軍事侵攻し、ノリエガ将軍を麻薬密輸の容疑で逮捕した。1999年にはパナマ運河が返還され、駐留していたアメリカ軍も全面撤退した。

Carlos Jasso / Reuters
パナマ国民が国旗を振って新パナマ運河通過第1号となる中国の大型コンテナ船を歓迎する\nJune 26, 2016. REUTERS/Carlos Jasso
Carlos Jasso / Reuters
中国の大型船が拡張されたパナマ運河を通過する。
ASSOCIATED PRESS
パナマ運河を通過する大型コンテナ船を見守るパナマ国民 (AP Photo/Moises Castillo)
RODRIGO ARANGUA via Getty Images
中国の大型コンテナ船がパナマ運河を通過する横で、記念式典が行われた。 バレラ大統領は「パナマにとって歴史的な日だ」 と述べた。 (Photo credit should read RODRIGO ARANGUA/AFP/Getty Images)

新パナマ運河が開通
PANAMA-CANAL/(01 of22)
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People wave at a Chinese COSCO container vessel, as it arrives to Cocoli locks after crossing the Panama Canal to the Pacific side, during its first ceremonial transit of the new Panama Canal expansion project in Cocoli on the outskirts of Panama City, Panama June 26, 2016. REUTERS/Carlos Jasso (credit:Carlos Jasso / Reuters)
PANAMA-CANAL/(02 of22)
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People waves next to the main stage as a Chinese COSCO container vessel, arrives to Cocoli locks after crossing the Panama Canal to the Pacific side, during its first ceremonial transit of the new Panama Canal expansion project in Cocoli on the outskirts of Panama City, Panama June 26, 2016. REUTERS/Carlos Jasso (credit:Carlos Jasso / Reuters)
PANAMA-CANAL/(03 of22)
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Fireworks are seen as a Chinese COSCO container vessel, arrives to Cocoli locks after crossing the Panama Canal to the Pacific side, during its first ceremonial transit of the new Panama Canal expansion project in Cocoli on the outskirts of Panama City, Panama June 26, 2016. REUTERS/Carlos Jasso (credit:Carlos Jasso / Reuters)
PANAMA-CANAL/(04 of22)
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People and members of the media look at a Chinese COSCO container vessel, as it arrives to Cocoli locks after crossing the Panama Canal to the Pacific side, during its first ceremonial transit of the new Panama Canal expansion project in Cocoli on the outskirts of Panama City, Panama June 26, 2016. REUTERS/Carlos Jasso (credit:Carlos Jasso / Reuters)
PANAMA-CANAL/(05 of22)
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People wave as the Chinese COSCO container vessel named Andronikos navigates through the Agua Clara locks during the first ceremonial transit of the new Panama Canal expansion project in Agua Clara, on the outskirts of Colon City, Panama June 26, 2016. REUTERS/Carlos Jasso (credit:Carlos Jasso / Reuters)
PANAMA-CANAL/(06 of22)
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Chinese COSCO container vessel named Andronikos navigates through the Agua Clara locks during the first ceremonial pass through the newly expanded Panama Canal in Agua Clara, on the outskirts of Colon City, Panama June 26, 2016. REUTERS/Carlos Jasso (credit:Carlos Jasso / Reuters)
PANAMA-CANAL/(07 of22)
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Women wearing traditional clothing are pictured as Chinese COSCO container vessel named Andronikos navigates through the Agua Clara locks during the first ceremonial pass through the newly expanded Panama Canal in Agua Clara, on the outskirts of Colon City, Panama June 26, 2016. REUTERS/Carlos Jasso (credit:Carlos Jasso / Reuters)
PANAMA-CANAL/(08 of22)
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People wave Panama flags as they wait for the Chinese COSCO container vessel named Andronikos to navigate through the Agua Clara locks during the first ceremonial pass through the newly expanded Panama Canal in Agua Clara, on the outskirts of Colon City, Panama June 26, 2016. REUTERS/Carlos Jasso (credit:Carlos Jasso / Reuters)
PANAMA-CANAL/(09 of22)
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People wave Panama flags as they wait for the Chinese COSCO container vessel named Andronikos to navigate through the Agua Clara locks during the first ceremonial pass through the newly expanded Panama Canal in Agua Clara, on the outskirts of Colon City, Panama June 26, 2016. REUTERS/Carlos Jasso TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY (credit:Carlos Jasso / Reuters)
PANAMA-CANAL/(10 of22)
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A cargo ship is pictured crossing through the Miraflores locks, a day before the inauguration of the Panama Canal Expansion project, in Panama City, Panama June 25, 2016. REUTERS/Alberto Solis (credit:Stringer . / Reuters)
Panama Canal Expansion(11 of22)
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Spectators and the press watch as the COSCO Shipping Panama cargo ship crosses the new Cocoli Locks, part of the new Panama Canal expansion project, in Panama City, Sunday, June 26, 2016. Authorities are hosting a big bash to inaugurate newly expanded locks that will double the Canal\'s capacity, as the country makes a multibillion-dollar bet on a bright economic future despite tough times for international shipping. (AP Photo/Moises Castillo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Panama Canal Expansion(12 of22)
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The COSCO Shipping Panama cargo ship, top, heads towards the new Cocoli locks, part of the new Panama Canal expansion project, as it cruises past another cargo ship passing through the old Pedro Miguel locks, in Panama City, Sunday, June 26, 2016. Authorities are hosting a big bash to inaugurate newly expanded locks that will double the Canal\'s capacity, as the country makes a multibillion-dollar bet on a bright economic future despite tough times for international shipping. (AP Photo/Dario Lopez-Mills) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Panama Canal Expansion(13 of22)
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Spectators watch as the Neopanamax cargo ship, Cosco Shipping Panama, makes its way through Gamboa, Panama, Sunday, June 26, 2016. The ship, carrying more than 9,000 containers, entered the newly expanded locks that will double the canal\'s capacity. (AP Photo/ Arnulfo Franco) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Panama Canal Expansion(14 of22)
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Thousands of spectators watch as the Neopanamax cargo ship, Cosco Shipping Panama, makes its way through the new Agua Clara locks, part of the Panama Canal expansion project, near the port city of Colon, Panama, Sunday June 26, 2016. The ship carrying more than 9,000 containers entered the newly expanded locks that will double the Panama Canal\'s capacity in a multibillion-dollar bet on a bright economic future despite tough times for international shipping. (AP Photo/Moises Castillo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Panama Canal Expansion(15 of22)
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The Neopanamax cargo ship, Cosco Shipping Panama, makes its way through the new Agua Clara locks, part of the Panama Canal expansion project, near the port city of Colon, Panama, Sunday June 26, 2016. The ship carrying more than 9,000 containers entered the newly expanded locks that will double the Panama Canal\'s capacity in a multibillion-dollar bet on a bright economic future despite tough times for international shipping. (AP Photo/ Arnulfo Franco) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
PANAMA-CANAL-EXPANSION-INAUGURATION-VARELA(16 of22)
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Panama\'s President Juan Carlos Varela waves a national flag as he delivers a speech while Chinese merchant ship Cosco Shipping Panama crosses the new Cocoli Locks during teh inauguration of the Panama Canal expansion in Panama City on June 26, 2016.\nA giant Chinese-chartered freighter nudged its way into the expanded Panama Canal on Sunday to mark the completion of nearly a decade of work forecast to boost global trade. / AFP / RODRIGO ARANGUA (Photo credit should read RODRIGO ARANGUA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:RODRIGO ARANGUA via Getty Images)
PANAMA-CANAL-EXPANSION-INAUGURATION(17 of22)
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Chinese-chartered merchant ship Cosco Shipping Panama crosses the new Cocoli Locks during the inauguration of the Panama Canal expansion in Panama City on June 26, 2016.\nA giant Chinese-chartered freighter nudged its way into the expanded Panama Canal on Sunday to mark the completion of nearly a decade of work forecast to boost global trade. / AFP / RODRIGO ARANGUA (Photo credit should read RODRIGO ARANGUA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:RODRIGO ARANGUA via Getty Images)
PANAMA-CANAL-EXPANSION-INAUGURATION(18 of22)
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Chinese-chartered merchant ship Cosco Shipping Panama crosses the new Cocoli Locks during the inauguration of the Panama Canal expansion in Panama City on June 26, 2016.\nA giant Chinese-chartered freighter nudged its way into the expanded Panama Canal on Sunday to mark the completion of nearly a decade of work forecast to boost global trade. / AFP / RODRIGO ARANGUA (Photo credit should read RODRIGO ARANGUA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:RODRIGO ARANGUA via Getty Images)
PANAMA-CANAL-EXPANSION-INAUGURATION(19 of22)
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Chinese-chartered merchant ship Cosco Shipping Panama crosses the new Agua Clara Locks during the inauguration of the expansion of the Panama Canal in Colon, 80 km from Panama City on June 26, 2016.\nA giant Chinese-chartered freighter nudged its way into the expanded Panama Canal on Sunday to mark the completion of nearly a decade of work forecast to boost global trade. / AFP / EDUARDO GRIMALDO (Photo credit should read EDUARDO GRIMALDO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
PANAMA-CANAL-EXPANSION-INAUGURATION(20 of22)
Open Image Modal
Chinese-chartered merchant ship Cosco Shipping Panama crosses the new Agua Clara Locks during the inauguration of the expansion of the Panama Canal in Colon, 80 km from Panama City on June 26, 2016.\nA giant Chinese-chartered freighter nudged its way into the expanded Panama Canal on Sunday to mark the completion of nearly a decade of work forecast to boost global trade. / AFP / EDUARDO GRIMALDO (Photo credit should read EDUARDO GRIMALDO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
PANAMA-CANAL-EXPANSION-INAUGURATION(21 of22)
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Chinese merchant ship Cosco Shipping Panama crosses the new Agua Clara Locks during a inauguration at the Panama Canal in Colon, 80 km from Panama City on June 26, 2016.on June 26, 2016.\n\nA giant Chinese-chartered freighter nudged its way into the expanded Panama Canal on Sunday to mark the completion of nearly a decade of work forecast to boost global trade. / AFP / JOHAN ORDONEZ (Photo credit should read JOHAN ORDONEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JOHAN ORDONEZ via Getty Images)
PANAMA-CANAL-EXPANSION-INAUGURATION(22 of22)
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Chinese-chartered merchant ship Cosco Shipping Panama crosses the new Agua Clara Locks during the inauguration of the expansion of the Panama Canal in Colon, 80 km from Panama City on June 26, 2016 on June 26, 2016.\nA giant Chinese-chartered freighter nudged its way into the expanded Panama Canal on Sunday to mark the completion of nearly a decade of work forecast to boost global trade. / AFP / JOHAN ORDONEZ (Photo credit should read JOHAN ORDONEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JOHAN ORDONEZ via Getty Images)