環境省の災害時ペット同行避難ガイドライン、国の強制力は薄い?

環境省は11日、災害時に被災者がペットと一緒に避難所や仮設住宅に避難できるよう、自治体に整備を促すガイドラインを配布する方針を固めたが、どれぐらい効力があるのだろうか…
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Flickr / MIKI Yoshihito

環境省は11日、災害時に被災者がペットと一緒に避難所や仮設住宅に避難できるよう、自治体に整備を促すガイドラインを配布する方針を固めた。時事通信は、東日本大震災時のペットの受け入れ状況について下記のように報じている。

東日本大震災では、避難所への持ち込みを拒まれ、ペットとの車中生活を余儀なくされる被災者が見られた。また東京電力福島第1原発事故が発生した福島県では、警戒区域内に犬や猫などを残して避難し、餌不足で死なせてしまうケースがあった。

時事通信 2013/05/11 16:13)

一連の報道を受けて、ネットユーザーの間では賛否両論の意見が飛び交った。

避難所のペットOKに=自治体向けガイドライン作成-環境省(時事ドットコム) bit.ly/18APH9K あとは各自治体にもしっかり体制を整えてもらいたいですね。

— ねこ経済新聞 (@nekokeizai) May 11, 2013

最大の問題点は、ペットが持ち込まれた避難所がどうなるかということだ。災害時、避難所はただでさえ人口が過密になる。その上水や食料だって心配だ。人々はストレスに苛まれ、人同士のトラブルも頻発することになる。そこへさらに争いのタネを持ち込もうというのは狂気の沙汰と言える。

(漢(オトコ)のコンピュータ道「環境省がクソのようなガイドラインを策定しようとしている件」より。 2013/05/13)

一方、自治体の対応状況については、ハザードラボが下記のように報じている。

首都直下地震や南海トラフ巨大地震で大きな被害が予想される都府県のうち、東京都、大阪府、静岡県は、すでに「ペット同行避難」を受け入れられるよう市区町村に指導しており、今回の指針を受けてさらに環境整備を進めていく方針。

ハザードラボ 2013-04-11 20:34)

ここで注目しなくてはならないのが、ペット同伴を受け入れる体制を整えるのは、どの機関かという点である。野郎猫集団「千太組」のブログでは、世田谷区に対して送付した、災害時の避難所へのペット同伴についての質問と、その質問への世田谷区からの回答が掲載されている。

避難所におけるペット受け入れ可否につきましては、施設の管理責任者個人ではなく、

町会・自治会、学校等が構成している各避難所の運営組織が検討し、対応することとなります。

(野郎猫集団「千太組」ブログ「20130412区長へのメールへのお返事がまいりました。」より。 2013/05/07)

同ブログでは、災害時のペット同伴の避難について、環境省や東京都の同伴避難ガイドラインは「推奨」であって、なんら強制力を持たないと指摘し、下記のように訴えかけている。

実はこの同行避難は、保障された権利にはまだまだなっていないんです。

僕たち獣医師、もしくは獣医師会と言う立場では、

同行避難すべきだと提唱する側にいるんですけど、

実はペットを避難所に連れてきていいかどうかの最終的な決定は

その避難所独自で決めていくんです。

(野郎猫集団「千太組」ブログ「ペットと災害を考える」より。 2013/04/12)

ペットが広く飼われている中、震災時の対応はどうするのか、また、地域としてはどういう取り組みをしているのか。国レベルではなく、身近な機関に目を向ける必要があるだろう。

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