ネルソン・マンデラ元大統領の死去は大いなる損失

2013年12月5日のネルソン・マンデラ元大統領の死去は、南アフリカ共和国のみならず世界にとって大いなる損失である、と本日ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは述べた。
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マンデラ氏の生涯は、自由・平等・正義という人権理念の核心を求める闘いに凝縮されるものだった」と述べる。「アフリカのみにとどまることのなかった、堂々たる、そして高潔な唯一無二のリーダーシップが思い起こされる。

ケネス・ロス、代表

(ヨハネスブルク)-2013年12月5日のネルソン・マンデラ元大統領の死去は、南アフリカ共和国のみならず世界にとって大いなる損失である、と本日ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは述べた。

マンデラ氏は南アフリカの反アパルトヘイト運動を数十年にわたって導き、その活動ゆえに27年間投獄された。その後1990年に釈放され、1994年にアパルトヘイト撤廃後初の南アフリカ大統領となった。より平等で民主主義的な制度への平和的な移行を導いたことが、広く評価されている。

ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチのケネス・ロス代表は、「マンデラ氏の生涯は、自由・平等・正義という人権理念の核心を求める闘いに凝縮されるものだった」と述べる。「アフリカのみにとどまることのなかった、堂々たる、そして高潔な唯一無二のリーダーシップが思い起こされる。」

ネルソン・マンデラ氏は1918年7月18日生まれ。高校を卒業後、フォート・ハレ大学に入学、学生政治運動に加わった。1944年にアフリカ民族会議(以下ANC)に入党。故ウォルター・シスル氏や故オリバー・タンボ氏ほか反アパルトヘイト活動家と共に、ANC青年同盟を創設した。マンデラ氏とANC 党員156人は1964年、裁判のすえ国家反逆罪で終身刑を言い渡された。

公判でマンデラ氏は次のように述べた:

「私は、すべての人びとが調和のなかで平等な機会を得て共生する、民主的で自由な社会の理想を心に抱いてきた。そのために生きてその達成を願うのが理想ではあるが、必要とあらばその理想のために死ぬ覚悟はできている。」

終身刑判決を受け、1990年までの27年を刑務所内で過ごさざるをえなかったにもかかわらず、氏は恨みの片鱗も示すことなく情熱的に、和解と新しい南アフリカ建設の必要性について説いた。南アフリカ発展のいしずえは、高い評価を受けている南アフリカ憲法である。同憲法には人間の尊厳、平等、自由ならびに国家建設や市民参加、社会的結束の重要性が謳われている。

民主主義国となっておよそ20年が経過した南アフリカは、まだマンデラ氏が描いた理想の国の姿ではない。不平等と貧困に満ち、教育や医療保健分野は不十分で、人種隔離と深刻な経済的不平等によって国家は分断されたままだ。

前出のロス代表は、「マンデラ氏は南アフリカを暗黒と残虐からの脱却に導いた」と述べる。「同国の次世代指導者たちは、氏の高い規範と熱烈な人権への誓いを見事に実践してみようとしてほしい。」

(この記事は、「ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチ」のサイトで12月5日に公開された記事の転載です)

Nelson Mandela (Captions by AP)
1918(01 of12)
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Born July 18, 1918, son of a counselor to the paramount chief of the Thembu people near Qunu in what is now the Eastern Cape. He is widely known in South Africa by his clan name, Madiba.\r\n\r\n
Caption: Portrait of South African political leader Nelson Mandela between 1945 and 1960, wearing the traditional outfit of the Thembu tribe. (Photo by API/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images)
(credit:Getty)
1940s(02 of12)
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Mandela devoted his life to the fight against white domination, leaving Fort Hare university in the early 1940s before completing his studies. He founded the ANC Youth League with Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulu.\r\n\r\n
Caption: Nelson Mandela (3rd from right), leader of the African National Congress (ANC), Patrick Molaoa and Robert Resha charged with treason by the South-African Union walked to the room where their trial was being held, Drill Hall, Johannesburg, South Africa.(API/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images)
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1961-1963(03 of12)
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Mandela was among the first to advocate armed resistance to apartheid, going underground in 1961 to form the ANC\'s armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (the Spear of the Nation). Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his political testimony.\r\n\r\n\"I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.\"\r\n\r\n
Caption: The South African political leader Nelson Mandela giving a speech before the African Congress. (Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)
(credit:Getty)
1964(04 of12)
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He was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964.\r\n\r\n
Caption: Eight men, among them anti-apartheid leader and member of the African National Congress (ANC) Nelson Mandela, sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia trial leave the Palace of Justice in Pretoria 16 June, 1964, with their fists raised in defiance through the barred windows of the prison car. The eight men were accused of conspiracy, sabotage and treason. (OFF/AFP/Getty Images)
(credit:Getty)
1960s - 1970s(05 of12)
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Mandela spent nearly two decades as a prisoner on Robben Island, a barren lump of rock that sits in shark-infested waters off the coast of Cape Town and served as the apartheid government\'s main jail for political opponents. During his incarceration, Mandela largely faded from the public imagination in South Africa, although his then-wife Winnie kept the ANC torch alight throughout the late 1960s and 1970s.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Caption: Winnie Mandela, wife of jailed ANC leader Nelson Mandela, defied her banning order by addressing a huge funeral crowd on Tuesday, Dec. 3, 1985, in Mamelodi Township at Pretoria. (AP Photo/Greg English)
(credit:AP)
1980s(06 of12)
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In the 1980s, he became the focus of the international anti-apartheid movement, and the \"Free Nelson Mandela\" slogan started to seep back into South Africa despite heavy censorship and curbs on political movements.\r\n\r\n
The demonstration for liberty of Nelson Mandela in Paris, France on June 1, 1986. (Francois LOCHON/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images)
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1990(07 of12)
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F.W. de Klerk, South Africa\'s last white president, finally lifted the ban on the ANC and other liberation movements on February 2, 1990, and Mandela walked free from jail nine days later, an event beamed live around the world.\r\n\r\n
Leader of National Party F.W. de Klerk at press briefing during private visit to Windhoek, Namibia. (Selwyn Tait/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images)
(credit:Getty)
1994(08 of12)
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A year later he was elected president of the ANC and in May 1994 was inaugurated as South Africa\'s first black president. \r\n\r\nHe used his prestige and status to push for reconciliation between whites and blacks, setting up a Commission led by Archbiship Desmond Tutu to probe crimes committed by both sides in the anti-apartheid struggle.\r\n\r\n
Caption: President Nelson Mandela of South Africa celebrates his historic election win at the ANC victory party on May 2, 1994, at Carlton Hotel in Johannesburg, South Africa. (Photo by Per-Anders Pettersson/Getty Images)
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1998(09 of12)
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South Africa shared the pain of Mandela\'s humiliating divorce in 1996 from Winnie Mandela, his second wife, and watched his courtship of Graca Machel, widow of Mozambican President Samora Machel, whom he married on in July 1998.\r\n\r\n\r\n
Caption: Winnie Mandela (c), then-wife of African National Congress (ANC) President Nelson Mandela, and then-head of the ANC social welfare department, announces 15 April, 1992, in Johannesburg to journalists that she resigned from her position in the wake of the collapse of her marriage with the ANC leader and renewed allegation of her involvement in townships killings. At right, her lawyer, Ismael Ayob. (REVOR SAMSON/AFP/Getty Images)
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1999(10 of12)
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In 1999, he handed over to younger leaders he saw as better equipped to manage a fast-growing, rapidly modernising economy - a rare example of an African leader voluntarily departing from power.\r\n\r\n\r\n
Caption: South African Presiden Nelson Mandela (C) flanked by deputy presidents Thabo Mbeki (R) & F.W. de Klerk. (William F. Campbell//Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
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2007(11 of12)
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In 2007 Mandela celebrated his 89th birthday by launching an international group of elder statesmen, including fellow Nobel peace laureates Tutu and Jimmy Carter, to tackle world problems including climate change, HIV/AIDS and poverty.\r\n\r\n
Caption: Former South African President Nelson Mandela, left, is helped to his feet by his wife Graca, unseen left, retired Archbishop Desmond Tutu, right, and former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, center, after the launch of \'The Elders,\' in Johannesburg, South Africa, on Wednesday, July 18, 2007. (Greg Marinovich/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
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(12 of12)
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Mandela made his last appearance at a mass event in July 2010 at the final of the soccer World Cup. He received a thunderous ovation from the 90,000 at the Soccer City stadium in Soweto.\r\n\r\nHe was hospitalized for nearly a week in January 2011 in Johannesburg with respiratory problems. \r\n\r\nThe icon celebrated his 94th birthday in July 2012. \r\n\r\nCaption: Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton meets with former South Africa President Nelson Mandela, 94, and his wife Graca Machel at his home in Qunu, South Africa, Monday, Aug. 6, 2012. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin, Pool) (credit:AP)