不動産ビジネスの進化には顧客のリテラシー向上も不可欠

不動産ビジネス最大の顧客である個人の多くはいまだ情報弱者であるだけに、不動産ビジネスの進化には不動産プレーヤーの努力に加えて、個人を中心にした顧客全体のリテラシー向上も不可欠だといえるでしょう。
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「サービスの進化は無限だ」という名言を残されたのは『クロネコヤマトの宅急便』の生みの親、ヤマト運輸の小倉昌男さんです。この新しいサービスが私たちの生活をどれだけ便利に豊かにしてくれたかは多言を要しないでしょう。

宅配便がなくてはインターネット通販もこれほど急速に普及しなかったといえますが、今度はインターネット通販に伴って増加する返品商品の買取り・再販ビジネスを立ち上げる(*1) とのことで、その進化はまさに止まるところがありません。

不動産ビジネスも、少子高齢化やグローバル化などでマーケットが大きく変化してサービスやソフトウエアを一層磨かなければ持続的成長が難しくなっているだけに(*2)、座右の銘にしたい言葉です。

不動産分野では、たとえば街区全体の電力の流れを最適化するスマートグリッドシステムの導入、海外企業の誘致やベンチャー企業の育成を支援する施設やサービスの開発、マンション住民によるコミュニティの育成と運営支援、高齢者ケアや子育て支援サービスの提案など、建物・施設を単純に提供するのではなく、ソリューションやサービスと併せて市場価値を高める複合的なビジネスモデルへのシフトが進みつつあります。

しかし、現在主流となっている既存のビジネスモデルと異なり、このような先進的な取り組みが新しい商品・サービスとして定着し、不動産ビジネスのあり方を大きく変えていくかどうかは未知数です。

なぜなら、このような試みの多くは顧客にとって望ましいものであるはずですが、投資やコストに見合う対価が徴収できるのか、あるいは新たな顧客獲得やマーケットシェア拡大に結びつくのかが不確実なものが少なくないためです。

特に、質の高いサービスを提供する優秀な人材の確保や複雑な仕組み、高度な技術の開発を必要とする場合、持ち出しばかりでいつまでも収益貢献が期待できないのではどれほど素晴らしいアイデアも意味がありません。新しいビジネスが成長するためには、不動産プレーヤーの挑戦をマーケットがしっかり受け止め、評価するプロセスも必要です。

ところが、不動産は個別性が強く比較が難しい商品・サービスといえ、またデザインや建物・設備のスペックに関心が向けられがちなこともあり、目に見えないソフトの価値を顧客が適切に評価することは簡単ではありません(*3)。

情報収集・分析力(これをリテラシーといいます)の高い機関投資家などのプロが不動産を購入する場合は、物件の立地や品質によって評価額に明確な差が出ますし、マネジメントの巧拙や経営の持続性などソフト面も重視されるようになってきました。

企業の不動産戦略を担うファシリティマネージャーは、ビルオーナーにとってタフな交渉相手ですが、ビルオーナーの企画力や提案力を鍛える貴重な存在であるのも確かです。

一方、個人の中古マンション売買では、管理組合の活動実態はもちろん、建物の耐震性の差すら価格にほとんど反映していないという指摘があります。物件の品質を左右しかねない重要な情報であるにもかかわらず、新築時の売主や工事の施工会社がどこだったのか、管理業務委託会社がどこなのかを気にしない買い手も少なくありません。

このように、不動産ビジネス最大の顧客である個人の多くはいまだ情報弱者であるだけに、不動産ビジネスの進化には不動産プレーヤーの努力に加えて、個人を中心にした顧客全体のリテラシー向上も不可欠だといえるでしょう。

(*1) 日本経済新聞2014年5月10日記事より

(*2) 詳しくは、ニッセイ基礎研究所 不動産投資チーム著『不動産ビジネスはますます面白くなる~成熟市場で成長の芽を見いだす』日経BP社、2013年8月をご覧ください。

(*3) 一般的な消費財やサービスは、大量生産されて単価も安くて見たり使用したり体験したりすることが簡単なので、不動産に比べれば商品比較は容易です。付加価値を評価されて高額でも売れている商品もたくさんあります。たとえば、後発の外資系企業やベンチャー企業が開発した掃除機や扇風機、加湿器などは、一般的な家電と比べて非常に高額ですが、先進的な技術やデザインの良さから売り上げを伸ばしています。リピーターが絶えない大型テーマパークの入場料は一見高額にも思えますが、他社が追随できないコンテンツの力と質の高いホスピタリティを体験すれば納得できる金額でしょう。

株式会社ニッセイ基礎研究所

金融研究部 不動産研究部長

(2014年5月14日「研究員の眼」より転載)

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This two-bedroom condo has a view of the harbor and an in-unit washer/dryer. The building\'s got an indoor pool, a spa/sauna and a rooftop deck. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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This two-bedroom condo has a view of the harbor and an in-unit washer/dryer. The building\'s got an indoor pool, a spa/sauna and a rooftop deck. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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This two-bedroom condo has a view of the harbor and an in-unit washer/dryer. The building\'s got an indoor pool, a spa/sauna and a rooftop deck. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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This two-bedroom condo has a view of the harbor and an in-unit washer/dryer. The building\'s got an indoor pool, a spa/sauna and a rooftop deck. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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Open Image Modal
This two-bedroom condo has a view of the harbor and an in-unit washer/dryer. The building\'s got an indoor pool, a spa/sauna and a rooftop deck. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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Open Image Modal
This two-bedroom condo has a view of the harbor and an in-unit washer/dryer. The building\'s got an indoor pool, a spa/sauna and a rooftop deck. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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A small place in a gated community just outside San Francisco. One bedroom, one bath, 717 square feet -- but nice views! Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
Daly City, California, $195,000(10 of50)
Open Image Modal
A small place in a gated community just outside San Francisco. One bedroom, one bath, 717 square feet -- but nice views! Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
Daly City, California, $195,000(11 of50)
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A small place in a gated community just outside San Francisco. One bedroom, one bath, 717 square feet -- but nice views! Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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A small place in a gated community just outside San Francisco. One bedroom, one bath, 717 square feet -- but nice views! Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
New York, New York, $165,000(13 of50)
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450 square feet in northern Manhattan. You\'ll have laundry in the building and a great park right nearby. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
New York, New York, $165,000(14 of50)
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450 square feet in northern Manhattan. You\'ll have laundry in the building and a great park right nearby. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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450 square feet in northern Manhattan. You\'ll have laundry in the building and a great park right nearby. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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New York, New York, $165,000(17 of50)
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450 square feet in northern Manhattan. You\'ll have laundry in the building and a great park right nearby. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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The pinkness of this Old Florida home is awfully appealing. Two bedrooms, one bath on a 6,360 square foot lot. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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The pinkness of this Old Florida home is awfully appealing. Two bedrooms, one bath on a 6,360 square foot lot. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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The pinkness of this Old Florida home is awfully appealing. Two bedrooms, one bath on a 6,360 square foot lot. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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Open Image Modal
The pinkness of this Old Florida home is awfully appealing. Two bedrooms, one bath on a 6,360 square foot lot. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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Open Image Modal
The pinkness of this Old Florida home is awfully appealing. Two bedrooms, one bath on a 6,360 square foot lot. Here\'s the listing. (credit:via Realtor.com)
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Open Image Modal
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Open Image Modal
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Open Image Modal
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Open Image Modal
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Open Image Modal
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