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オランダ・ハーグの国際司法裁判所は11月11日、カンボジアとタイの国境地帯にあるヒンズー教寺院遺跡「プレアビヒア」周辺地域についてカンボジア領と認定する判決を下した。両国の間で領土問題となっており、武力衝突で周辺住民の死者も出ていたが、今回の判決で雪融けに繋がる可能性が出てきた。時事ドットコムが以下のように伝えている。
国際司法裁判所（ＩＣＪ、オランダ・ハーグ）は１１日、タイとカンボジアの国境紛争をめぐる訴訟の判決で、世界遺産のプレアビヒア寺院遺跡がある高台一帯は、カンボジア領だとの判断を示した。
（時事ドットコム「寺院遺跡一帯はカンボジア領＝国際司法裁が判決」2013/11/11 19:31）
コトバンクによると、「プレアビヒア」は9世紀末に建造された遺跡でアンコールワットよりも長い歴史を持つという。
カンボジア北部，タイとの国境を走るダンレック山地中にあるアンコール時代の寺院遺跡。この地域は1904年フランス･シャム(タイ)協約によりフランス領カンボジアに帰属したが，第2次大戦中からタイが占拠し，その後両国の国境紛争に発展した。寺院は，9世紀末にヤショーバルマン1世が創建し，11世紀前半にスールヤバルマン1世が増築･整備したもので，ビシュヌ神を主神とする。西を正面とし，なだらかな傾斜の自然の地形を利用して参道(全長848m，幅12m)がつくられている。
（プレアビヒア とは - コトバンク）
世界遺産のプレアビヒア寺院遺跡
Preah Vihear Temple(01 of31)
(credit:Flickr:William Brehm)
Preah Vihear Temple(02 of31)
(credit:Flickr:William Brehm)
Preah Vihear 26-01-2005 10-15-26(03 of31)
(credit:Flickr:El Groo)
Preah Vihear 26-01-2005 09-53-21(04 of31)
(credit:Flickr:El Groo)
Preah Vihear 26-01-2005 10-31-36(05 of31)
(credit:Flickr:El Groo)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artllery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(06 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 9: A Cambodian solider stands guard along the grounds of the ancient Preah Vihear temple February 9, 2011 in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees were moved 80 km away from the Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border. The 11th century Hindu temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been the subject of a lengthy dispute between the two countries over ownership of the 4.6-sq-km contested area. Currently there is there is an uneasy pause to the fighting, but no official ceasefire in place. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artllery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(07 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 9: A Cambodian solider plays with his mobile phone while relaxing on the ancient Preah Vihear temple where a military camp has been set up February 9, 2011 in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees were moved 80 km away from the Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border. The 11th century Hindu temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been the subject of a lengthy dispute between the two countries over ownership of the 4.6-sq-km contested area. Currently there is there is an uneasy pause to the fighting, but no official ceasefire in place. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artllery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(08 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 9: A Cambodian solider looks across at the Thai border from the ancient Preah Vihear temple where a military camp has been set up February 9, 2011 in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees were moved 80 km away from the Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border. The 11th century Hindu temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been the subject of a lengthy dispute between the two countries over ownership of the 4.6-sq-km contested area. Currently there is there is an uneasy pause to the fighting, but no official ceasefire in place. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artllery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(09 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 9: A Cambodian solider rests inside the ancient Preah Vihear temple where a military camp has been set up February 9, 2011 in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees were moved 80 km away from the Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border. The 11th century Hindu temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been the subject of a lengthy dispute between the two countries over ownership of the 4.6-sq-km contested area. Currently there is there is an uneasy pause to the fighting, but no official ceasefire in place. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artllery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(10 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 9: A Cambodian solider and a monk walk along the ancient Preah Vihear temple looking toward the Thai border February 9, 2011 in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees were moved 80 km away from the Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border. The 11th century Hindu temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been the subject of a lengthy dispute between the two countries over ownership of the 4.6-sq-km contested area. Currently there is there is an uneasy pause to the fighting, but no official ceasefire in place. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artllery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(11 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 9: Cambodian soldiers rest on the ruins of the ancient Preah Vihear temple where a military camp has been set up February 9, 2011 in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees were moved 80 km away from the Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border. The 11th century Hindu temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been the subject of a lengthy dispute between the two countries over ownership of the 4.6-sq-km contested area. Currently there is there is an uneasy pause to the fighting, but no official ceasefire in place. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artllery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(12 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 9: A Cambodian solider looks across at the Thai border from the ancient Preah Vihear temple where a military camp has been set up February 9, 2011 in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees were moved 80 km away from the Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border. The 11th century Hindu temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been the subject of a lengthy dispute between the two countries over ownership of the 4.6-sq-km contested area. Currently there is there is an uneasy pause to the fighting, but no official ceasefire in place. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artllery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(13 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 9: A Cambodian monk prays in front of the ancient Preah Vihear temple where a military camp has been set up February 9, 2011 in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees were moved 80 km away from the Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border. The 11th century Hindu temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been the subject of a lengthy dispute between the two countries over ownership of the 4.6-sq-km contested area. Currently there is there is an uneasy pause to the fighting, but no official ceasefire in place. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artllery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(14 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 9: A Cambodian monk looks out from inside the ancient Preah Vihear temple February 9, 2011 in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. Six Cambodian monks who were living in a pagoda claimed by Thailand were attacked over the weekend. The monks are now taking shelter inside the ancient temple near the military for protection. Thousands of refugees were moved 80 km away from the Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border. The 11th century Hindu temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been the subject of a lengthy dispute between the two countries over ownership of the 4.6-sq-km contested area. Currently there is there is an uneasy pause to the fighting, but no official ceasefire in place. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artllery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(15 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 9: A Cambodian solider looks across at the Thai border from the ancient Preah Vihear temple where a military camp has been set up February 9, 2011 in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees were moved 80 km away from the Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border. The 11th century Hindu temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been the subject of a lengthy dispute between the two countries over ownership of the 4.6-sq-km contested area. Currently there is there is an uneasy pause to the fighting, but no official ceasefire in place. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artllery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(16 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 9: Cambodian soliders looks across at the Thai border from the ancient Preah Vihear temple where a military camp has been set up February 9, 2011 in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees were moved 80 km away from the Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border. The 11th century Hindu temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been the subject of a lengthy dispute between the two countries over ownership of the 4.6-sq-km contested area. Currently there is there is an uneasy pause to the fighting, but no official ceasefire in place. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(17 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A Cambodian solider guards the grounds of the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border, on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(18 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A Cambodian solider guards the grounds of the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border, on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(19 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A Cambodian solider guards the grounds of the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border, on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(20 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A Cambodian solider rests in the grounds of the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border, on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(21 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A Cambodian monk looks out from inside the 11th century Preah Vihear temple on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Six Cambodian monks, living in a pagoda that was attacked by Thailand over the weekend, are now taking shelter inside the ancient temple near the military for protection. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(22 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A Cambodian monk looks out from inside the 11th century Preah Vihear temple on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Six Cambodian monks, living in a pagoda that was attacked by Thailand over the weekend, are now taking shelter inside the ancient temple near the military for protection. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(23 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A Cambodian monk looks out from inside the 11th century Preah Vihear temple on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Six Cambodian monks, living in a pagoda that was attacked by Thailand over the weekend, are now taking shelter inside the ancient temple near the military for protection. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(24 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A \'Danger\' sign warns visitors about a fragile structure within the grounds of the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple, on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(25 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: The blood from a Cambodian solider killed on Sunday is seen in the grounds of the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border, on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(26 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: Damage caused by the recent Thai attack to the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple, on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(27 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A Cambodian monk takes shelter inside the 11th century Preah Vihear temple on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Six Cambodian monks, living in a pagoda that was attacked by Thailand over the weekend, are now taking shelter inside the ancient temple near the military for protection. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(28 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: Cambodian soliders head towards the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border, on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(29 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A Cambodian monk looks out from inside the 11th century Preah Vihear temple on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Six Cambodian monks, living in a pagoda that was attacked by Thailand over the weekend, are now taking shelter inside the ancient temple near the military for protection. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(30 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A Cambodian solider rests in the grounds of the 11th-century Preah Vihear temple as tensions remain high on both sides of the border, on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Thailand And Cambodia Exchange Artillery Fire Over Disputed Temple Site(31 of31)
PREAH VIHEAR, CAMBODIA - FEBRUARY 8: A Cambodian monk takes shelter inside the 11th century Preah Vihear temple on February 8, 2011 in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. Six Cambodian monks, living in a pagoda that was attacked by Thailand over the weekend, are now taking shelter inside the ancient temple near the military for protection. Thousands of refugees have fled the area after clashes between Thai and Cambodian troops near the disputed World Heritage site. Presently there is no official ceasefire in place as the two countries contest ownership of the 4.6 sq-km area. The 900-year-old temple belongs to Cambodia following a 1962 World Court ruling but this remains disputed by many Thais. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/ Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
国際司法裁判所は1962年、遺跡自体はカンボジア領と認定したが、周辺の約5キロ平方メートルの土地の帰属をめぐって両国が対立し、たびたび交戦してきた。2008年にはユネスコの世界遺産に認定されたことで、タイとカンボジアの周辺地域での武力衝突が激しくなっていた。newsclipでは次のように解説している。
2011年には砲撃・銃撃戦で双方の兵士、住民ら30人近くが死亡、100人以上が負傷し、周辺地域の住民10万人以上が一時避難した。紛争激化を受け、カンボジアは同年4月、国際司法裁にプレアビヒア周辺の国境未画定地域の領有権に関する判断を求めた。
（newsclip「タイ・カンボジアの国境紛争、国際司法裁が11月11日に判決」2013/10/27 19:03 ）
ただし、カンボジアのフン・セン首相は、タイのタクシン派との関係は良好。そのため、タクシン元首相の妹が率いるインラック政権は、プレアビヒアをめぐる問題でカンボジアとの対立を望んでいない。バンコク週報が、10月の外相会談の結果を次のように報じている。
両国の外相が10月28日、カンボジア・ポイペットで話し合いを行い、いかなる判決が出ようと両国が関係改善に向けて努力を続けることで意見が一致した。
（バンコク週報「カンボジアとの領有権問題、判決後も関係改善で一致」201310/29）
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Canada's L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site (04 of15)
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Guatemala's City Of Antigua (09 of15)
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Saint Kitts and Nevis' Brimstone Hill Fortress National Park(15 of15)
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