ロシアへの制裁強化は不可能か EU、代償を恐れて及び腰

欧州連合(EU)がウクライナ問題で打ち出した対ロシア制裁措置は生ぬるい内容だが、より厳しい措置について合意にこぎ着ける可能性は低い。
Open Image Modal
Reuters

Open Image Modal

欧州連合(EU)がウクライナ問題で打ち出した対ロシア制裁措置は生ぬるい内容だが、より厳しい措置について合意にこぎ着ける可能性は低い。

EUはロシア人13人とクリミアの8人に対する渡航禁止と資産凍結という、第一段階の制裁を科した。しかしロゴジン副首相はツイッターで、欧米の制裁は弱すぎて無意味だと嘲笑った。

EU諸国の外相の中にも、このコメントにひそかに同意し、不満を募らせている者はいる。彼らはより厳しい制裁を望んでいるが、それには全加盟国の同意が必要だ。

最も及び腰な国の一つであるオーストリアのファイマン首相は「制裁では問題は解決しない。唯一の解決策は交渉に持ち込むことだ」と述べた。

20日にブリュッセルで予定されるEU首脳会議では、制裁対象をプーチン・ロシア大統領に近い支配者層にも広げるかどうかが検討される。しかし制裁強化への抵抗は強い。

EUが制裁を発表した17日の数日前、あるEU加盟国の大使は小さな昼食会の席上、ロシアに対して拙速かつ攻撃的な行動を起こすことを戒めた。

大使は「行き先の分からないエスカレーターに乗ることは避けたい。制裁手段が尽きたらどうする」と話し、次々とさらに強い追加制裁を迫られる事態に警戒感を示した。

ポーランドのシコルスキ外相は「EUはできることをやった。しかし米国は火星から、われわれは金星からやってきた」として米国との違いを強調。「制裁の導入に際しては、あまり熱を入れ過ぎない方が良い。代償を払うのはわれわれなのだから」と述べた。

<窮地>

EU28カ国が今週、制裁対象のリスト拡大で合意に達することは可能かもしれないが、ロシアの動きをけん制する効果は薄そうだ。複数の外交官がロイターに語ったところでは、新たにリストに加える対象として100人ほどの名前が挙がっているという。

重要な問題は、EUがその先の措置、つまり金融や貿易を含む制裁で合意できるかどうかだ。これらの制裁はロシアの輸出、ビジネス、銀行を直撃するとともに、EUにも跳ね返ってくる。

EU首脳は6日、ロシアがウクライナの混乱を招くさらなる措置に踏み込むなら、こうした第3段階の制裁に踏み切ることで合意している。これは欧米が核開発計画をめぐりイランに科したのと同様の制裁だ。

問題は、こうした制裁の検討を望む加盟国がほとんど見当たらないことだ。二国間のビジネスに及ぼす影響だけでなく、ロシアからの報復措置を招く可能性を深刻に受け止めているからだ。

ロシアと1300キロに及ぶ国境を接し、敵対してきた歴史を持つフィンランドから、銀行や不動産、投資の面でロシアとの結びつきが強いキプロスに至るまで、ほぼすべてのEU諸国が懸念すべき理由を抱えている。

ドイツは制裁の決意が固い国の一つだが、天然ガスの40%をロシアから輸入している。英国も厳しい制裁を望むが、ロシアの企業家や支配層はロンドンを金融センターとして利用している。フランスの対ロシア債権・投資は500億ドル近い。

その他の国々にもそれぞれ、制裁に消極的にならざるを得ない理由がある。

ロンドンの法律事務所Wリーガルのナイジェル・クシュナー最高経営責任者(CEO)は、制裁を強化すれば「ロシア関連の利権や投資を抱えるEU諸国が厳しく罰せられる状況になりそうだ」と話す。

EUは窮地に陥った格好だ。ロシアに警告を発する外交手段を探りつつ、クリミアがロシアの手中に落ち、ウクライナの「領土的無欠性」が粉々になったという事実をひそかに受け入れるしかないのかもしれない。

(Luke Baker記者)

[ブリュッセル 18日 ロイター]

関連記事

クリミア住民投票
Crimea Goes To The Polls In Crucial Referendum(01 of11)
Open Image Modal
SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE - MARCH 16: People in Lenin Square attend a pro Russian rally after a day of voting on March 16, 2014 in Simferopol, Ukraine. Crimean\'s went to the polls today in a vote that which will decide whether the peninsular will break away from mainland Ukraine. The referendum, which has been dismissed as illegal by the West, follows the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-Western and nationalist protesters. As the standoff between the Russian military and Ukrainian forces continues in Ukraine\'s Crimean peninsula, world leaders are continuing toÊ push for a diplomatic solution to the escalating situation though many believe that there is every likelihood that thy vote will favor Crimea being incorporated into Russia. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Crimea Goes To The Polls In Crucial Referendum(02 of11)
Open Image Modal
SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE - MARCH 16: People in Lenin Square attend a pro Russian rally after a day of voting on March 16, 2014 in Simferopol, Ukraine. Crimean\'s went to the polls today in a vote that which will decide whether the peninsular will break away from mainland Ukraine. The referendum, which has been dismissed as illegal by the West, follows the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-Western and nationalist protesters. As the standoff between the Russian military and Ukrainian forces continues in Ukraine\'s Crimean peninsula, world leaders are continuing toÊ push for a diplomatic solution to the escalating situation though many believe that there is every likelihood that thy vote will favor Crimea being incorporated into Russia. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Crimea Goes To The Polls In Crucial Referendum(03 of11)
Open Image Modal
SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE - MARCH 16: People in Lenin Square attend a pro Russian rally after a day of voting on March 16, 2014 in Simferopol, Ukraine. Crimean\'s went to the polls today in a vote that which will decide whether the peninsular will break away from mainland Ukraine. The referendum, which has been dismissed as illegal by the West, follows the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-Western and nationalist protesters. As the standoff between the Russian military and Ukrainian forces continues in Ukraine\'s Crimean peninsula, world leaders are continuing toÊ push for a diplomatic solution to the escalating situation though many believe that there is every likelihood that thy vote will favor Crimea being incorporated into Russia. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Crimea Goes To The Polls In Crucial Referendum(04 of11)
Open Image Modal
SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE - MARCH 16: People in Lenin Square attend a pro Russian rally after a day of voting on March 16, 2014 in Simferopol, Ukraine. Crimean\'s went to the polls today in a vote that which will decide whether the peninsular will break away from mainland Ukraine. The referendum, which has been dismissed as illegal by the West, follows the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-Western and nationalist protesters. As the standoff between the Russian military and Ukrainian forces continues in Ukraine\'s Crimean peninsula, world leaders are continuing toÊ push for a diplomatic solution to the escalating situation though many believe that there is every likelihood that thy vote will favor Crimea being incorporated into Russia. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Crimea Goes To The Polls In Crucial Referendum(05 of11)
Open Image Modal
SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE - MARCH 16: People in Lenin Square attend a pro Russian rally after a day of voting on March 16, 2014 in Simferopol, Ukraine. Crimean\'s went to the polls today in a vote that which will decide whether the peninsular will break away from mainland Ukraine. The referendum, which has been dismissed as illegal by the West, follows the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-Western and nationalist protesters. As the standoff between the Russian military and Ukrainian forces continues in Ukraine\'s Crimean peninsula, world leaders are continuing toÊ push for a diplomatic solution to the escalating situation though many believe that there is every likelihood that thy vote will favor Crimea being incorporated into Russia. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Crimea Goes To The Polls In Crucial Referendum(06 of11)
Open Image Modal
SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE - MARCH 16: People in Lenin Square attend a pro Russian rally after a day of voting on March 16, 2014 in Simferopol, Ukraine. Crimean\'s went to the polls today in a vote that which will decide whether the peninsular will break away from mainland Ukraine. The referendum, which has been dismissed as illegal by the West, follows the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-Western and nationalist protesters. As the standoff between the Russian military and Ukrainian forces continues in Ukraine\'s Crimean peninsula, world leaders are continuing toÊ push for a diplomatic solution to the escalating situation though many believe that there is every likelihood that thy vote will favor Crimea being incorporated into Russia. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Crimea Goes To The Polls In Crucial Referendum(07 of11)
Open Image Modal
SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE - MARCH 16: People in Lenin Square attend a pro Russian rally after a day of voting on March 16, 2014 in Simferopol, Ukraine. Crimean\'s went to the polls today in a vote that which will decide whether the peninsular will break away from mainland Ukraine. The referendum, which has been dismissed as illegal by the West, follows the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-Western and nationalist protesters. As the standoff between the Russian military and Ukrainian forces continues in Ukraine\'s Crimean peninsula, world leaders are continuing toÊ push for a diplomatic solution to the escalating situation though many believe that there is every likelihood that thy vote will favor Crimea being incorporated into Russia. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Crimea Goes To The Polls In Crucial Referendum(08 of11)
Open Image Modal
SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE - MARCH 16: People in Lenin Square attend a pro Russian rally after a day of voting on March 16, 2014 in Simferopol, Ukraine. Crimean\'s went to the polls today in a vote that which will decide whether the peninsular will break away from mainland Ukraine. The referendum, which has been dismissed as illegal by the West, follows the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-Western and nationalist protesters. As the standoff between the Russian military and Ukrainian forces continues in Ukraine\'s Crimean peninsula, world leaders are continuing toÊ push for a diplomatic solution to the escalating situation though many believe that there is every likelihood that thy vote will favor Crimea being incorporated into Russia. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Crimea Goes To The Polls In Crucial Referendum(09 of11)
Open Image Modal
SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE - MARCH 16: People in Lenin Square attend a pro Russian rally after a day of voting on March 16, 2014 in Simferopol, Ukraine. Crimean\'s went to the polls today in a vote that which will decide whether the peninsular will break away from mainland Ukraine. The referendum, which has been dismissed as illegal by the West, follows the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-Western and nationalist protesters. As the standoff between the Russian military and Ukrainian forces continues in Ukraine\'s Crimean peninsula, world leaders are continuing toÊ push for a diplomatic solution to the escalating situation though many believe that there is every likelihood that thy vote will favor Crimea being incorporated into Russia. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Crimea Goes To The Polls In Crucial Referendum(10 of11)
Open Image Modal
SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE - MARCH 16: People in Lenin Square attend a pro Russian rally after a day of voting on March 16, 2014 in Simferopol, Ukraine. Crimean\'s went to the polls today in a vote that which will decide whether the peninsular will break away from mainland Ukraine. The referendum, which has been dismissed as illegal by the West, follows the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-Western and nationalist protesters. As the standoff between the Russian military and Ukrainian forces continues in Ukraine\'s Crimean peninsula, world leaders are continuing toÊ push for a diplomatic solution to the escalating situation though many believe that there is every likelihood that thy vote will favor Crimea being incorporated into Russia. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Crimea Goes To The Polls In Crucial Referendum(11 of11)
Open Image Modal
SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE - MARCH 16: People in Lenin Square attend a pro Russian rally after a day of voting on March 16, 2014 in Simferopol, Ukraine. Crimean\'s went to the polls today in a vote that which will decide whether the peninsular will break away from mainland Ukraine. The referendum, which has been dismissed as illegal by the West, follows the ousting of President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-Western and nationalist protesters. As the standoff between the Russian military and Ukrainian forces continues in Ukraine\'s Crimean peninsula, world leaders are continuing toÊ push for a diplomatic solution to the escalating situation though many believe that there is every likelihood that thy vote will favor Crimea being incorporated into Russia. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)