韓国・デパート崩壊から19年 死者502人、沈没事故との共通点とは

1995年6月29日は、韓国・ソウルの繁華街にあった三豊(サンプン)デパートが崩壊した日だ。死者502人、負傷937人、行方不明者6人の大惨事だった。
|
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, REPUBLIC OF KOREA: An overview of the collapsed Sampoong Department store 29 June where scores of rush hour shoppers and staff were trapped under debris. Initial reports attribute the collapse to a gas explosion. At least 20 bodies have been recovered and 615 people hospitalized. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read CHOO YOUN-KONG/AFP/Getty Images)
CHOO YOUN-KONG via Getty Images

1995年6月29日は、韓国・ソウルの繁華街にあった三豊(サンプン)デパートが崩壊した日だ。死者502人、負傷937人、行方不明者6人の大惨事だった。違法建築と、それを見逃していた許認可権限者、客を見捨てて逃げた経営陣など、「セウォル号」沈没事故との共通点が指摘される事故だ。

ハフィントンポスト韓国版ニュースエディターのウォン・サンユン氏は、以下のように表現している

「1989年12月1日に開業した三豊デパートは、豪華でまばゆかった。売上高は業界1位、江南(カンナム)の富裕層を主な顧客にしていた高級デパートは、江南の象徴であり代名詞だった。

設計も型破りだった。空間を広くとった内部のデザイン。まるでアメリカのショッピングモールがそのままやってきたかのような設計。しかし、内部を広く見せるために、柱をつくらなかったと分かったのは、あとになってからだった」

6月29日午後2時、デパートの建物内は蒸し暑かった。室内温度が30度を超えても冷房が作動しなかったのだ。「エアコンが故障しており修理中です」との案内放送が流れた。しかし原因は別にあった。

午前から、デパート屋上に20センチの亀裂が走っていた。荷重計算をせずに屋上に無断で設置した200tの冷却塔のせいだ。亀裂が広がるのを防ぐために、経営陣は冷却塔から水を抜き、エアコンを切った。しかし当時、デパートの中にいた数千人の客と従業員はこの事実を全く知らされなかった。経営陣は「亀裂が入り始めた事実を客には絶対に知らせるな」と箝口令を敷き、建物の崩壊直前にデパートから逃れた。午後5時55分、わずか築5年の三豊デパートは一瞬で崩壊した。

(中央日報「三豊デパート崩壊から19年、その後…」より 2014/06/29 09:17)

韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(01 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JULY 4: Heavy equipment moves in 04 July at the site of the Sampoong department store collapse, as hopes fade for any survivors among the almost 400 listed as missing in the rubble. More than 100 bodies were pulled out before the decision was made to let the heavy equipment clear the wreckage. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read KIM JAE-HWAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(02 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JULY 4: South Korean army engineers 04 July operate a drill-camera that is used for detecting infiltration tunnels dug by North Korean troops under the DMZ to search for survivors in the rubble of the collapsed Sampoong department store, as hopes fade that any of the 400 missing in the disaster could still be alive in the debris. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read KIM JAE HWAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(03 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JULY 3: Relatives of some of the almost 400 missing and believed dead in the disastrous Sampoong Department store collapse, stripped and beat Park Tae-Shik (bottom), a Sampoong official they said had infiltrated their group posing as a bereaved family member, apparently to try to reduce their compensation claims. The beating took place 03 July at the collapse site in South Korea where relatives have been camped waiting for news of survivors. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read Str-cho SUNG-SU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(04 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JULY 1: Rescue workers carry a woman 01 July, one of 24 cleaning people who survived the collapse of Seoul\'s Sampoong department store entombed in a basement room for 52 hours. The 24, their bodies greased with oil, were slid through a hole, their eyes bandaged against the light, to safety. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read STR-CHO Sung-So/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(05 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JULY 29: Relatives of some 100 missing in Seoul\'s Sampoong Department Store disaster attack district official Cho Nam-Ho (C) , as he pays his respects at a funeral home 29 July in Seoul. Cho\'s clothes were torn off and his eye cut by punches and kicks. Several district officials were indicted for bribery for overlooking modifications which caused the collapse of the store, that killed and injured more than 1,500 people. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read DONG-A ILBO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(06 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JULY 11: Rescue workers carry Yoo Ji-Hwan, a 18-year-old girl who was freed 11 July after surviving 12 days under the rubble of the collapsed Sampoong department Store. Yoo, whose eyes were covered with a towel to shield them from the sun, was the 35th person freed alive from the debris of the 29 June disaster. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read KIM JAE-HWAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(07 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JULY 2: A truck carrying soldiers drives to the site of the collapsed Sampoong Department Store in Seoul 02 July, as relatives of those missing in the debris protest in the street. Rescuers resumed their seach for survivors, after a pre-dawn lull Sunday, inspired by the dramatic evacuation of 24 people. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read KIM JAE-HWAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(08 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JULY 2: Relatives of people missing in the collapsed Sampoong Department Store battle with riot police after relief efforts were suspended briefly for a safety check 02 July in Seoul. About 500 relatives tried to kick their way through a police cordon around the site, after rescuers stopped amid warnings of a new collapse. The official death toll from the disaster is 102. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read STR-JEONG S.J./AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(09 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JULY 1: South Korean emergency workers rescue a young woman from the rubble of the collapsed Sampoong Department Store in Seoul 01 July. The department store disaster death toll edged closer to 100 and is expected to grow as rescue efforts continue. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read KIM JAE-HWAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(10 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JULY 1: South Korean rescue workers take food into a hole in the rubble of the collapsed Sampoong Department Store 01 July for the 24 survivors found entombed in a locker room three floors below the ground. So far, television reports have put the death toll at 97 and the injured at almost 1,000, but a diaster task force has confirmed only 79 deaths. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read CHOO YOUN-KONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(11 of18)
Open Image Modal
South Korean rescue workers pull a woman survivor from the wreckage of the collapsed Sampoong Department Store 30 June, after digging for nearly 20 hours searching for survivors. The death toll in the collapse has climbed to 89, according to a provisional count by a Seoul television station, and hospitals have treated 910 others. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read MUNHWA ILBO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(12 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JUNE 30: A firefighter sprays a hose 30 June at the down smouldering remains of the Sampoong Department Store in Seoul. Rescue workers continue to search for survivors after a 29 June explosion ripped through and collapsed the five-storey building, killing at least 88 and injuring 880. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read CHOO YOUN-KONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(13 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JUNE 30: US military troops and South Korean army soldiers look for survivors in the rubble of the collapsed Sampoong Department Store 30 June after digging nearly 20 hours looking survivors. Some 6,000 rescuers and soldiers have been searching the rubble, and the death toll climbed to 89, according to a provisonal count by a Seoul television station. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read CHOO YOUN-KONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(14 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JUNE 30: South Korean rescue workers remove the wreckage from the collapsed Sampoong Department Store as they search for survivors 30 June in Seoul. The death toll rose to 95, with 241 people still reportedly missing. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read KIM JAE-HWAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(15 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, REPUBLIC OF KOREA: An overview of the collapsed Sampoong Department store 29 June where scores of rush hour shoppers and staff were trapped under debris. Initial reports attribute the collapse to a gas explosion. At least 20 bodies have been recovered and 615 people hospitalized. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read CHOO YOUN-KONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(16 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JUNE 29: An overview of the bombed and collapsed Sampoong Department store 29 June where scores of rush hour shoppers and staff were trapped in the debris. Initial reports attribute the collapse to a gas explosion. At least 20 bodies wererecovered and 700 people were hospitalized. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read CHOO YOUN-KONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(17 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JUNE 29: Rescue workers carry a body out of the collapsed Sampoong Department store 29 June where hundreds are still are trapped under debris in Seoul. At least 20 bodies have been recovered and 615 people hospitalized. Initial reports attribute the collapse to a gas explosion. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read CHOO Youn-Kon/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
韓国・三豊デパート崩壊(1995年6月29日)(18 of18)
Open Image Modal
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA: A frantic mother and her husband cry as they look for their missing daughter after the explosion and collapse of Sampoong Department store 29 June 1995 in Seoul where scores of rush hour shoppers and staff are trapped under debris. At least 20 bodies have been recovered and 615 people were injured. (Photo credit should read CHOO YOUN-KONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)

三豊デパートは、もともとオフィスビルとして設計された。しかし突然、デパートに変更されることになり、中の構造物を撤去して空間を無理やり拡張した。エスカレーターを設置するために床に穴を開け、建物を支える柱の直径は4分の1になった。

三豊デパートの会長は、各種の許認可に絡んで公務員に賄賂を贈ったり、会社の金を横領していたりしていたなど4種類の容疑で逮捕された。最終的に業務上横領を除く懲役7年6カ月の実刑が確定した(2003年、出所後に死亡)。

ハフィントンポスト韓国版のウォン氏は、こう結んでいる。

「違法設計、手抜き工事、無資格者による監査、無理な売り場増設と増築、無断用途変更など、違法建築のすべての要件を満たしたのが三豊デパートだった。

『そのまま待機しろ』と案内放送して、470人以上の乗客を残したまま脱出したセウォル号の船長のように、三豊デパートの経営陣もそうしたのだった」

ハフィントンポスト日本版はFacebook ページでも情報発信しています