Chris Jackson via Getty Images
イギリス北部のスコットランド独立の賛否を問う住民投票を9月18日に控え、スコットランドでは投票日前の最後となる週末、賛成派と反対派の双方が各地で支持を訴える運動を繰り広げた。NHKニュースなどが報じた。
独立賛成派のスコットランド民族党のスタージャン副党首は「私たちは自分たちの将来を他人に任せるのではなく、当事者として決める必要がある。さあやりましょう」と訴え、支持者から盛んな拍手を浴びていました。（中略）
一方、独立反対派を主導するイギリスの前の財務相ダーリング氏はＢＢＣテレビで、独立すれば経済の混乱は避けられないとしたうえで「スコットランド議会にさらに強い権限を移譲することで、イギリスの中にいてもわれわれが望む変化は起こせる」と訴えました。（NHKニュース「スコットランド住民投票 最終盤まできっ抗」より 2014/09/14 06:43）
■世論調査、賛成派と独立派がほぼ拮抗
イギリス・テレグラフ紙が週末に発表した世論調査では、独立賛成派が54%とリードしているが、別の調査結果では反対派が上回っており、賛成派と独立派がほぼ拮抗している模様だと報じられている。
１３日に発表された有力紙「テレグラフ」の世論調査では、独立に賛成が５４％、反対が４６％と賛成派がリードしていますが、反対派の陣営が独自に行った調査では、逆に反対派が上回っていて、依然として接戦が続いています。ただ、態度を決めていない人もまだいるとみられており、１８日の投票日に向けて、双方の運動がさらに過熱するものとみられています。
（NHKニュース「スコットランド独立か 住民投票前に運動過熱」より 2014/09/14 19:07）
■独立派、北海油田の税収で「北欧のような福祉国家」の実現目指す
スコットランドはもともと独立国だったが、1707年にイングランドに事実上併合され、イギリス（連合王国）の一部となった。300年ぶりとなる独立の動きが出てきた背景には、1960年代に発見された北海油田の存在があると見られている。欧州最大の埋蔵量と言われる北海油田を支配下に置くことで、独立すれば1人当たりの所得が年1000ポンド（約17万円）増えるとの主張もある。
独立を主張する「スコットランド民族党」が2013年に発表した670ページに上る白書によると、独立後は油田の税収によって「北欧のような福祉国家の実現」という未来像を描いている。通貨はポンドを維持し、国家元首はエリザベス女王のままだという。
自前の税制や北海油田の税収によって、子育て支援や年金など社会保障を充実させ、環境に優しい北欧型の高福祉社会の実現を目指すとしています。また、非核化を進めるとして、スコットランドの港を母港にする核ミサイルを搭載した原子力潜水艦の移転を求めるとしています。一方で、イギリスの通貨ポンドは維持するとしているほか、エリザベス女王もこれまでどおり、国家元首とするとしています。
（NHKニュース「スコットランド独立住民投票 双方が支持訴え」より 2014/09/14 06:43）
■イギリス政府、通貨ポンドの使用認めず 財政運営も厳しいと反論
一方、イギリス政府は、通貨ポンドの使用は認められないとしており、財政運営の見通しについても厳しいと反論している。
イギリス政府は、通貨ポンドの使用は認められないとしています。
また、財政運営の見通しについても、北海油田からの税収は今後、減少が見込まれるうえ、現在、配分されている地方予算がなくなるほか、国の信用力が低下して国債の発行コストが増えれば、先行きは厳しいと反論しています。
原子力潜水艦の移転についても、少なくとも３０億ポンド以上のコストが必要だと言われていることから、大幅に時間がかかり、実現は非常に困難だとの指摘が出ています。
（NHKニュース「スコットランド独立住民投票 双方が支持訴え」より 2014/09/14 06:43）
■他の地域や国の独立運動を刺激する可能性、世界が注目
イギリス政府側から見ると、スコットランドに独立されると北アイルランドやウェールズなど、スコットランドと同様にイギリスを構成する地域にも同様の動きが飛び火する可能性もあり、大きな痛手となる。そのため、イギリスのキャメロン首相は独立論を押さえ込むのに必死となっている。
キャメロン首相は10日に現地入りし、「最終的にはスコットランド市民が決定することだが、他のイギリス市民、そして首相の私も、スコットランドがイギリスにとどまることを切望していることを分かって欲しい」と強調。徴税権の譲渡を含めた「最大限の自治」を約束するなど、イギリス残留に向けてあらゆることを行うとした。
ロイターによれば、住民投票について公式コメントを控えていたエリザベス女王も14日、スコットランドの教会で礼拝後に「スコットランドの人々が将来について慎重に考えるよう望んでいる」と述べたという。中立の立場を取らなければならないエリザベス女王が政治的な問題に関する発言をするのは極めて異例。
今回の住民投票は、イギリス国内だけでなく、11月に住民投票を実施する意向のスペインのカタルーニャ自治州やベルギーのフランドル地方など、ヨーロッパや世界各地の分離独立運動を刺激する可能性がある。世界が18日に行われる投票の行方に注目している。
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Yes And No Campaigns Take To The Streets Of Edinburgh And Glasgow(51 of56)
EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND - SEPTEMBER 09: First Minister Alex Salmond, meets with Scots and other European citizens to celebrate European citizenship and Scotland\'s continued EU membership with a possible Yes vote on September 9, 2014 in Edinburgh, Scotland. With just eight days of campaigning left before voters will go to the polls to vote yes or no on whether Scotland should become an independent country, Sturgeon argued that a Yes vote would present an opportunity for all of Scotland\'s communities to work together to build a fairer and more prosperous country. (Photo by Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images) (credit:Jeff J Mitchell via Getty Images)
Yes And No Campaigns Take To The Streets Of Edinburgh And Glasgow(52 of56)
EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND - SEPTEMBER 09: (EDITORS NOTE: This image is a re-crop of image #455028102) First Minister Alex Salmond, meets with Scots and other European citizens to celebrate European citizenship and Scotland\'s continued EU membership with a possible Yes vote on September 9, 2014 in Edinburgh, Scotland. With just eight days of campaigning left before voters will go to the polls to vote yes or no on whether Scotland should become an independent country, Sturgeon argued that a Yes vote would present an opportunity for all of Scotland\'s communities to work together to build a fairer and more prosperous country. (Photo by Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images) (credit:Jeff J Mitchell via Getty Images)
Yes And No Campaigns Take To The Streets Of Edinburgh And Glasgow(53 of56)
GLASGOW, SCOTLAND - SEPTEMBER 9: Deputy First Minister Nicola Sturgeon (MSP), and anti-poverty campaigner and lifelong Labour Party member Bob Holman on the Yes Campaign trail pose with \'Yes\' campaigners in Easterhouse on September 9, 2014 in Glasgow, Scotland. With just eight days of campaigning left before voters will go to the polls to vote Yes or No on whether Scotland should become an independent country, Alex Salmond has suggested that the No campaign is falling apart. (Photo by Mark Runnacles/Getty Images) (credit:Mark Runnacles via Getty Images)
Scottish independence referendum(54 of56)
Labour leader Ed Miliband campaigns in the Scottish independence referendum near the Blantyre miners community resource centre in Scotland. (credit:Danny Lawson/PA Wire)
Scottish independence referendum(55 of56)
SNP leader Alex Salmond during a visit to Brownings Bakers bakery in Kilmarnock, Scotland where he was presented with Aye branded cakes, as the Scottish independence referendum campaign continues. (credit:Danny Lawson/PA Wire)
Scottish independence referendum(56 of56)
A Better Together supporters is pictured in Princes Street Gardens in Edinburgh, Scotland, as the Scottish independence referendum campaign continues. (credit:Danny Lawson/PA Wire)
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