アシアナ機事故で犠牲者を減らした3つの新技術

ソウルから飛び立ったアシアナ航空214便が7月2日(米国時間)、サンフランシスコ国際空港で着陸時に滑走路の手前にぶつかって墜落した。同機には乗員乗客合わせて300名以上が乗っていたが、死者は2名のみだった(他に負傷者が182名)。

ソウルから飛び立ったアシアナ航空214便が7月2日(米国時間)、サンフランシスコ国際空港で着陸時に滑走路の手前にぶつかって墜落した。同機には乗員乗客合わせて300名以上が乗っていたが、死者は2名のみだった(他に負傷者が182名)。

死者が少なかったのは、他の人を救おうとして自分の命を危険に晒した勇気ある人たちのおかげだけではない。現在の飛行機には、安全のための新しい技術が搭載されていることも一因だ。「The Wall Street Journal」紙は7日付の記事日本語版)で、次の3つの主要な技術進歩が人々の命を救うのに貢献したと報じている。

1.「16Gシート」の搭載

米連邦航空局(FAA)は、2009年からすべての航空機に「16Gシート」の搭載を義務付けている。事故時に座席がつぶれないようにするための、地球表面の重力より16倍大きな力に耐えられるシートだ。一部の16Gシートにはエアバッグさえ搭載されている。

16Gシートの開発では、頭に加速度計を搭載したダミー人形を使った衝突試験が行われ、頭部、頸部、脊髄を負傷する可能性がテストされてきた。このシートは、1988年以降に製造されたすべての飛行機に搭載されているが、1998年より前に製造されたすべての飛行機については、2009年になってようやくFAAが搭載を義務付けた。以前のFAAの基準で義務付けられていたのは、9Gシートのみだった。

[16Gは、時速48キロで衝突しほぼ瞬時に停止したときの加重に相当する。それによる衝撃をシートの変形で吸収し、人体への衝撃を和らげている。日本ではコイト(Koito)電工が製造しており、世界シェアは4%]

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2.耐火素材の採用

今回の事故でも火災が発生したが、民間航空機では、多くの事故で発生する火災に耐えうる性質を持った素材が使われている。壁や天井からシートまで、航空機内のほぼすべての物は、TDCPP、HBCD、TBPHなど舌がもつれそうな名前を持つ何らかの耐火性素材でコーティングされている。

FAAでは、航空機内で使われるほとんどの素材について、自己消火性(火元がなくなれば火が消える性質)を持たせることを義務付けている。

こうした化学物質の利用には議論がないわけではない。2013年のある調査では、機内から採取した空気サンプルの中に、難燃剤から発生した塵の粒子が発見された。見つかった化学物質は、発がん物質として知られるTDCPP(トリス(1,3-ジクロロ-2-プロピル)リン酸塩)だった。

下の図は、難燃性素材がボーイング機内のどこで使用されているかを示したものだ。

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3.カメラ搭載の消火ホース

WSJ紙は、「救助隊が使用したのは最新式のノズルで、ホースの先端にはカメラが取り付けられていた」と報じている。消防隊は、カメラが取り付けられたホースを客室内に挿入することで、危険度の高い場所に自ら入り込まなくても、燃えさかる炎を消すことができたのだ。

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[Alexis Kleinman(English) 日本語版:佐藤卓/ガリレオ)

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