STAP細胞作成から考える、イノベーションと文明の進歩

イノベーションは簡単に予期できないからこそイノベーションだ。こういう機能があるからこれができる、という現状の延長の発想だけではなく、こういう未来を創りたいから、これを作ろうというワクワク発想で、世界は今後も、これまでの知見に「アウトオブボックス」要素を加え、イノベーションを加速させ、それが「文明の進歩」となっていくのだ。
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STAP細胞の作成に成功した小保方晴子さんのニュースが話題になっている。

画期的な偉業で、正にイノベーションと呼ぶにふさわしいニュースで、未来の可能性を考えると、とてもワクワクする。

一連の報道をみるに、今回の発見は小保方さんが研究者として、業界の固定観念に縛られ過ぎずにいたからこそ達成できた、ということがポイントのようだ。

同じ分野で何十年も研究している人は、どうしても固定観念にとらわれやすくなり、自由な発想がしにくくなる。「アウトオブボックス(=枠の外)」な視点で物事を考えるのが難しくなるのだ。

世界を革命的に変えるのは、こうした「アウトオブボックス」な発想と結びついた、テクノロジーによるイノベーションではないだろうか。

イノベーションによって世界は変わる。

振り返れば、農業革命や産業革命、車や飛行機、インターネットの登場で、人々の暮らしは一変してしまった。今やこうしたものがない世界は、全く考えられない。

例えば10年、20年前までアフリカの貧しい内陸の農村で、農家をやっていた人達は、何を一生懸命作っても、それを自分が生きていける程の収入に変えるのがやっとだった。現在、こうした農家で徐々にではあるが、自立的な生活ができるようになってきているのは、農業機械や技術の進歩という理由だけではない。

その秘密が携帯電話だ。携帯電話という道具を手に入れた彼らはそれを使って、自分の作った農作物が、遠く離れた市場で最終的にいくらで売れるのかをリアルタイムで把握できるようになった。結果として、彼ら農民は市場価格に関する情報を持つことで、同じように農作物を生産していても、もっとお金を稼げるようになったのだ。

固定電話すらなかった世界でも、いきなり携帯電話が普及することで、こうした生活の変化をもたらしている。30年前に携帯やインターネットがなかった頃に、こうした急激な変化を予期することは非常に難しかった。

こうしたアフリカの「貧困の終焉」は、現在色々なロードマップを描きながらも、最終的にはテクノロジーによる大きなイノベーションで、抜本的に物事が進んでいくのだと思う。

こうした話は何も遠いアフリカだけの話ではない。現代の私達にとっても、携帯電話がない生活は、どんどん考えられなくなってきている。ただそんな携帯電話も30年前には、何人が持っていただろうか。

話は変わるが、昨年アメリカ出張に行った時に、テスラモーターズの車がたくさん走っていて驚いた。テスラはシリコンバレー発祥の電気自動車会社だ。LAのショールームで実際にテスラを見たが、エンジンのないカッコイイ車(電気自動車はエンジンではなくモーター)は、車の未来を感じずにはいられなかった。

もちろん私は車の専門家ではない。テスラのショールームのプレゼンテーションにやられた面もあるかもしれないが、性能面だけでなく、この車から未来を感じさせる雰囲気、そして実際に何台もその車を路上で見かけたことは、今までの車と違う「何か」を感じるには十分だった。

テスラは21世紀にできた新しい会社で、CEOで著名起業家のイーロン・マスクも元来、車業界の人間ではなく、IT業界の人間だ。テスラの取り組みが、今後どの程度成功するかわからないが、彼らには従来の車業界にはない「アウトオブボックス」な視点があることは明らかだ。

エンジンがなければ、車が従来のような形である必要が、そもそもあるのだろうか。純粋な移動手段として車を捉え、他の制約条件がなくなった時、理想の車像とはどんな姿だろうか。イノベーションは、こうして「アウトオブボックス」で考える時に、発生するのではないだろうか。

車業界で言えば、グーグルなどのIT企業も進出し始めている。他の業界から来た新参者は、業界の知識は劣るかもしれないが、それを逆手に固定観念がなく、「アウトオブボックス」で考えられる。車は東京モーターショーなどでも、各社から斬新な「未来の車」が提案されていた。例えばこれから30年後に、どんなイノベーションによって、どのような世界になっているのか、非常に楽しみだ。

イノベーションは簡単に予期できないからこそイノベーションだ。こういう機能があるからこれができる、という現状の延長の発想だけではなく、こういう未来を創りたいから、これを作ろうというワクワク発想で、世界は今後も、これまでの知見に「アウトオブボックス」要素を加え、イノベーションを加速させ、それが「文明の進歩」となっていくのだ。

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