シリア渡航計画で旅券返納命令の杉本祐一さん「最後まで戦う」

シリア渡航計画を理由に外務省からパスポートの強制返納を命じられた新潟市のフリーカメラマン、杉本祐一さん(58)が2月12日、日本外国特派員協会で会見した。
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Taichiro Yoshino

シリア渡航計画を理由に外務省からパスポートの強制返納を命じられた新潟市のフリーカメラマン、杉本祐一さん(58)が2月12日、東京の日本外国特派員協会で会見した。シリアに入国するかは最終的に決めていなかったことや、過激派組織ダーイシュ(イスラム国)の支配地域に入るつもりはなかったとした上で「パスポートを失うことは、私の人生そのものが否定される」と批判、他の報道関係者にとっても「報道の自由、取材の自由を奪われることを危惧しております」と懸念を表明した。今後、外務省への異議申し立てや法的措置も検討するという。

杉本さんによると、2月初めに地元紙の取材を受けて、シリアへの取材計画や日程が詳細に報じられた。「私は静かにシリアに行き、また静かに帰国することを望んでおり、まったく不本意なことだった」と述べた。

「昨年11月、シリア北部のコバニでの攻防戦を取材し、そのコバニがイスラム国から解放され、クルド人部隊による海外記者を案内するプレスツアーも行われているというので、ぜひ取材に行きたいと思い、現地行きのチケットを手配していました。ただ、イスラム国の支配地域に行くつもりはありませんでした。そもそもシリアに入るかどうかも、現地の信頼できる仲間と相談して、現地情勢を見定めながら判断しようと思っておりました。刻一刻と情勢が変わる紛争地では、当初の予定通りにことが運ぶとは限りませんから、遠く離れた新潟ではなく、シリア国境近くで情報を収集し、判断したかったのです」

その直後、外務省から電話を受け「やめてほしい」との趣旨の話があった。翌日には新潟中央署の警備課長の要請で面会し「シリア行きをやめてほしい」「行きます」とのやりとりがあったという。2月7日午後7時ごろ、外出先から自宅に戻ったとき、外務省職員を名乗る男性らと警察官が自宅前で待ち構えており、「行かないでくれ」「行く」との押し問答が続いた。外務省事務官は岸田文雄外相名の返納命令書を読み上げたという。旅券法の説明を受け「返納しない場合は逮捕する」と計3回言われたため、裁判になった際の弁護士費用などリスクを考え、返納に応じたことを説明した。

杉本さんは「退避勧告とはあくまで危険情報であり、強制力を持たないものだったはずです。一口にシリアと言っても場所により状況は全く異なります。コバニは『イスラム国』から解放されており、多くの外国の記者が取材に入っておりましたので、大丈夫だろうと判断しました。今回、もし可能であれば自由シリア軍の支配地域での取材は考えておりましたが、私も20年の経験から、決して無理はしないと決めており、あくまでコバニや、トルコ側のアクチャガレの取材を優先していた」と述べた。

「報道関係者が、外務省にパスポートを強制返納されたのは、戦後、日本国憲法が公布されて以来、初めてのケースだと聞いております。私としましては、自分のパスポートを取り戻したいのはもちろんのこと、私の事例が悪しき先例になり、他の報道関係者まで強制返納を命じられ、報道に自由、取材の自由を奪われることを危惧しております。つきましては、できるだけ早く、外務省に異議申し立てを行い、場合によっては法的措置を取ることも検討したいと思います」

【主な質疑応答】

Q イタリアの記者です。イタリアではたくさんの人質がいて交渉中ですが、有罪の確定判決や正常な判断ができないという医学的判断がなければパスポートは返納されない。

法律上、難しいとは思うが、それでも外務省と戦うつもりか。そして警察の行動が理解できない。外務省職員に同行して逮捕するなどということが法的に可能なのか。他国に行くことを理由にパスポートの公布を受けることは考えていないか。

A 昨日、急遽上京したので弁護士とはあまり接触していないが、異議申し立てを検討していて、訴訟も念頭に考えておりますし、これから詰めていきたい。

警察官が外務省職員に同行したことが合法だったかは法的にわからないが、名刺を要求したが持ち合わせていないということだった。非礼にあたると思う。

たとえば観光で韓国や中国などに行くことはまったく考えていないが、20年間やってきたことを継続していきたいという希望を持っているので、何の制限もないパスポートを返納していただきたいと思っている。

Q イギリスのタイムズの記者です。外務省の職員はどのくらい長く預かり、どういう条件で取り戻せると説明したか。

A 「いちど返納したら無期限に返納しません。どんな条件のもとでもお返しすることはありません」と説明を受けました。

Q フランスの記者です。基本的にフランスではパスポートでどこにでも行けるが「イスラム国」に入ることはできない。欧米諸国ではパスポートは市民の権利だが、日本では外務省から「いただくもの」というという印象を受ける。そして「イスラム国」はジャーナリストを拉致して人質にし、殺すということが続いている。例えば難民キャンプ取材で捕まるといったリスクは理解しているか。

A クルド難民キャンプ周辺はトルコ軍が張り付いて、トルコの治安部隊が何百人も警戒している。「イスラム国」の戦闘員が入る余地がないことを確認して取材した。

Q 日本では「世間に迷惑をかけて」という反応になりやすいが、そうした反応についてどう思うか。もし裁判で争うことになると、憲法22条で渡航の自由も保障されている。憲法裁判になると最高裁の判断になるので費用、時間もかかるが、最終的に憲法判断まで行くつもりはあるのか。

A 報道が出て以降、「国賊」という非通知の電話も来るが、それよりも「頑張ってくれ」「できることがあれば協力します」「あんたこそ侍だ」という激励が圧倒的に多い。

これは私事であると同時に、多くのフリーランスのジャーナリストの問題でもある。そうした人たちが仕事を失うことはあってはならない。それを許してしまうと、もしかしたら日本の報道機関にも行く恐れもある。とにかく最後まで戦うつもりです。

Q 本気で訴訟を起こすつもりはあるのか。

A 今の質問で僕も燃えました。最後まで行きます。本気で起こします。

Q 杉本さんが外務大臣だったと想像してください。守るべき市民が非常に危険な地域に行く予定を耳にした。日本も非常に苦しんだ。どういう判断をするか。

A フリーのジャーナリストであれカメラマンであれ、「あなたの渡航先は危険である。どういう安全策を持っているか」と聞く。万全だという答えであれば、私であれば返納を求めない。僕のシリアにおける安全対策は、日本語の分かり、何年も付き合いのある元自由シリア軍兵士のガイドと、同じタクシードライバーにお願いしている。キリスにトルコ人が経営する定宿も十数年使っていて信頼関係もある。シリアへは毎日、国境を越えて日帰りする。ガードマンもついている。

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会見終了後、杉本さんは報道陣の取材に「新潟で一人で活動している。新潟はメディアの規模も小さいし、フリージャーナリストの団体も地元にはない。弱い立場の人間を狙いうちにして、『言うことを聞かないとこういう目に遭うぞ』というメッセージを東京のメディアやジャーナリストに送るのが狙いではないか」と、外務省を批判した。

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