シリア攻撃の根拠は薄弱と、諜報活動専門家は公然と非難

アメリカとフランスによるシリアへの軍事攻撃が避けられない状況になってきたようだが、世界中の諜報活動専門家たちは、とてもじゃないが、軍事介入の正当性が立証されているとは言いがたいと警鐘を鳴らしている。

アメリカとフランスによるシリアへの軍事攻撃が避けられない状況になってきたようだが、世界中の諜報活動専門家たちは、とてもじゃないが、軍事介入の正当性が立証されているとは言いがたいと警鐘を鳴らしている。

オバマ政権は、フランスのオランド大統領と協力してシリア政府に制裁を加えると明言した。なぜ両国がそう主張するかというと、動かぬ証拠があるからだという。それは、化学兵器がダマスカス郊外で放たれ、多くの人が殺されたというものだ。

しかし、過去の紛争における情報機関の活動を詳細に調査してきたアナリストたちの中でも、次のような警告を発している人が増えている。それは、アサド政権と化学兵器使用との関連が完全に明らかになっていない、ということだ。

化学兵器に関して世界でもっとも知られた専門家の一人でもあるジーン・パスカル・ザンダー氏氏は8月30日、ハフィントン・ポストUK版の取材に対して、「明らかに疑問が残る」と述べた。ダマスカス郊外のグータ地区で多数の死者が発生した原因として非難されている化学物質が、広範囲に広がっているという痕跡が確認できないのだ。

「我々は化学物質がどんなものか分かっていない」とザンダー氏は述べた。彼は最近まで欧州安全保障研究所(EUISS)で勤務し、安全保障・防衛問題の調査を行っていた人物である。「誰もがサリンだと言う。(サリンのような)神経毒に関わりのあるようなものは確かにある。しかし、すべてがサリンだと断定できるものではない」

使われた化学物質そのものこそ、決定的な証拠となりうるとザンダー氏は話す。というのも、神経ガスのような兵器を含む神経毒素材には、ねずみ駆除に使うような工業製品も含むからだ。そのため、実際の化学物質が特定されるまでは、アサド政権が関与しているという根拠としては弱い、とザンダー氏は述べた。

「もし、例えば、神経毒が工場から持ちだされてグータ地区で使われたとしたら、その責任を負うべき当事者の数はもっと増えることになる」

ザンダー氏の警告は、シリア攻撃の正当性が妥当かどうかに対して異議を唱えている経験豊富な専門家たちのあいだから噴出している、懐疑的な見方の一つにすぎない。

29日に、ローレンス·ウィルカーソン氏は、シリア攻撃の準備について根拠がないように思えるとハフポストUS版に語った。ウィルカーソン氏は、10年前、イラク戦争を正当化した当時の国務長官コリン・パウエル氏が提出した機密情報の再調査を行っている。

ウィルカーソン氏は、現在行われている議論を、のちに虚偽だと判明したパウエル氏の証言を用意するために何日もかけたことになぞらえる。「イラクのフセイン前大統領大量破壊兵器を所有している、絶対間違いないと私に言った」そしてこう付け加えた。

「同じことが繰り返されているようだ」

そうした見解に続き、ハンス・ブリックス氏からも極めて強い警告が発せられている。ブリックス氏は、イラク戦争直前に国連武器査察団の委員長を務めた人物である。彼は「グローバル・ビューポイント」前編集局長ネイサン・ガルデルとのインタビューで、シリアでの「現象が確実に化学兵器使用によるもの」だと確定するまでは、現在軍事行動を検討している人たちも、国連査察官による調査が完了するまで待つべきだと述べた。

「以前から分かっていることではあるが、政治力学はは法の正当な手続きに先んじるものだ」とブリックス氏は話す。そうした力学はブッシュ政権がイラク戦争を起こした時にとったやり方を彷彿とさせる。

「シリアが今になって査察に協力するのは『遅すぎる』とアメリカが声明を出しているが、それには賛同できない。軍事行動をとるための下手な口実だ」

極めてはっきりと、ブリックスは警告を発している。アサド政権の化学兵器の製造能力根絶を狙ったミサイル攻撃は、事態の悪化を招きかねない。

「巡航ミサイルを使って武器貯蔵庫へ攻撃したら、思うに、かえって不利な状況となる。攻撃場所付近に化学兵器が拡散することになるからだ」

EUの化学兵器専門家であったザンダー氏は、さらにこう言及した。諸外国はアサド政権を非難する材料となる化学兵器の攻撃を受けた範囲、あるいは地理的な位置を確信を持って特定することはできない。

彼は、YouTubeなどウェブ上に広く流布している苦痛で痙攣した犠牲者の画像をピックアップして次のように述べた。

「こうした映像がどこで撮影したものかは不明だ。いつ、誰によって撮影されたかもわからない。あるいは、同じ時に起きた出来事なのか、違った時に起きた出来事なのかすらわからないのだ」

ザンダー氏はさらにこう付け加えた。「誰が実行したかもわからない。動画がどこで撮影されたのかもわからない。わかるのは、何かがどこかである時に起こった、ということだけだ」

Hasan reported from London. Sledge reported from New York.

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Beirut: Cultural Capital In The Midst Of A Restive Region(38 of42)
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BAALBEK, LEBANON - JUNE 28: Members of a Syrian family from the city of Homs watch a television in their tent inside of a camp for Syrians who have fled the fighting in their country on June 28, 2013 in Baalbek, Lebanon. Baalbek, which is located near the Syrian border, has numerous informal camps housing tens of thousands of refugees. Currently the Lebanese government officially hosts 546,000 Syrians with an estimated additional 500,000 who have not registered with the United Nations. Lebanon, a country of only 4 million people, is now home to the largest number of Syrian refugees who have fled the conflict. The situation is beginning to put a huge social and political strains on Lebanon as there is currently no end in sight to the war in Syria. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Beirut: Cultural Capital In The Midst Of A Restive Region(39 of42)
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BAALBEK, LEBANON - JUNE 28: A young Syrian girl from the city of Homs stands outside a home shares with family members inside a camp for Syrians who have fled the fighting in their country on June 28, 2013 in Baalbek, Lebanon. Baalbek, which is located near the Syrian border, has numerous informal camps housing tens of thousands of refugees. Currently the Lebanese government officially hosts 546,000 Syrians with an estimated additional 500,000 who have not registered with the United Nations. Lebanon, a country of only 4 million people, is now home to the largest number of Syrian refugees who have fled the conflict. The situation is beginning to put a huge social and political strains on Lebanon with no end in sight to the war in Syria. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Beirut: Cultural Capital In The Midst Of A Restive Region(40 of42)
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BAALBEK, LEBANON - JUNE 28: A Syrian refugee from the city of Homs holds a child inside a camp for Syrians who have fled the fighting in their country on June 28, 2013 in Baalbek, Lebanon. Baalbek, which is located near the Syrian border, has numerous informal camps housing tens of thousands of refugees. Currently the Lebanese government officially hosts 546,000 Syrians with an estimated additional 500,000 who have not registered with the United Nations. Lebanon, a country of only 4 million people, is now home to the largest number of Syrian refugees who have fled the conflict. The situation is beginning to put a huge social and political strains on Lebanon with no end in sight to the war in Syria. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Beirut: Cultural Capital In The Midst Of A Restive Region(41 of42)
Open Image Modal
BAALBEK, LEBANON - JUNE 28: A Syrian father and daughter from the city of Homs watch a television in their tent inside of a camp for Syrians who have fled the fighting in their country on June 28, 2013 in Baalbek, Lebanon. Baalbek, which is located near the Syrian border, has numerous informal camps housing tens of thousands of refugees. Currently the Lebanese government officially hosts 546,000 Syrians with an estimated additional 500,000 who have not registered with the United Nations. Lebanon, a country of only 4 million people, is now home to the largest number of Syrian refugees who have fled the conflict. The situation is beginning to put a huge social and political strains on Lebanon with no end in sight to the war in Syria. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Beirut: Cultural Capital In The Midst Of A Restive Region(42 of42)
Open Image Modal
BAALBEK, LEBANON - JUNE 28: A Syrian woman from the city of Homs makes coffee inside of the tent she shares with family members in a camp for Syrians who have fled the fighting in their country on June 28, 2013 in Baalbek, Lebanon. Baalbek, which is located near the Syrian border, has numerous informal camps housing tens of thousands of refugees. Currently the Lebanese government officially hosts 546,000 Syrians with an estimated additional 500,000 who have not registered with the United Nations. Lebanon, a country of only 4 million people, is now home to the largest number of Syrian refugees who have fled the conflict. The situation is beginning to put a huge social and political strains on Lebanon with no end in sight to the war in Syria. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)