シリア難民は「日系人のように収容所に隔離」 アメリカで市長発言が波紋

シリア難民を、第2次世界大戦中のような「アメリカへの脅威」だとして、当時の日系人収容所のような施設に収容することを提案した。
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1942年3月23日、カリフォルニア州マンザナーの日系人収容所で、到着後初めての食事の列に並ぶ収容者

パリ同時多発テロを受け、アメリカ・バージニア州のある市長が、シリア難民を、第2次世界大戦中のような「アメリカへの脅威」だとして、当時の日系人収容所のような施設に収容することを提案した。

バージニア州中部にあるロアノーク市のデービッド・バウワーズ市長(民主党)は11月18日、声明を発表し、市の行政機関に対し「深刻な敵対と残虐行為が終わるまで、または少なくともアメリカ当局の管理下にあるとみなされ、通常の状態に回復するまで」、シリア難民への支援を見合わせると述べた。

さらに「私は、フランクリン・D・ルーズベルト大統領が真珠湾攻撃以後、日本人を隔離せざるを得ないと考えたことを思い出す。そして今、『イスラム国』(IS)によるアメリカへの脅威は、当時の我々の敵と同様に現実的で深刻だ」と話した。

第2次世界大戦注、アメリカ政府は約12万人の日系人を、鉄条網で囲まれた収容所に収容した。その根拠となっている法律は、現在はアメリカで最も恥ずべき法律と考えられている。収容所で死んだ人もおり、生きて収容所を出た人も、トラウマによって医学的、心理的な後遺症に、長期にわたって苦しむことになった。

当時の日系人に何も罪はなかったが、多くのアメリカ人は、日系人が密かに枢軸国(ドイツ、イタリア、日本)に忠誠を誓っているのではないかと恐れた。

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1942年の漫画では、日系アメリカ人が日本に忠誠を誓い、アメリカを攻撃するのではないかとの恐怖が描かれた。漫画では「名誉の第5列(スパイなど身内の敵対勢力)」と看板を掲げた小屋に、日系人とみられる長蛇の列ができ、火薬が配られている。小屋の上で望遠鏡をのぞく人物は「本国からの合図を待っている…」という。

シリア難民の隔離を唱えたのは、バウワーズ氏が初めてではない。

ロードアイランド州選出のエレーヌ・モーガン上院議員は17日、メールで、アメリカはシリア難民を受け入れるべきでないとして「イスラム教徒の宗教と哲学は、異教徒なら誰でも殺人、強姦、斬首することだ」と主張し、もしアメリカが入国を許すなら「難民収容所を造り、彼らを私たちの住むところから隔離しなければ」と書いた

テネシー州議会共和党のグレン・カサダ院内総務は、州内のシリア難民をまとめて連邦移民センターに移送すべきだと主張した

日系人収容所に収容された経験のあるマイク・ホンダ下院議員は、18日、こうした考えを強く非難した。

「私は収容所で育ち、我が国の負の歴史が、その後長きにわたって反動となり、共鳴していったかを直接知っている。選挙で選ばれた公人が、シリア系アメリカ人を隔離収容しろなどと言っているニュースに憤慨している。今こそ立ち上がり、浅はかで復古的な提言をするロアノーク市長の声明や、テネシー州の共和党院内総務や、ロードアイランド州選出の上院議員の発言を非難し、指導者の間違いに『ノー』と言わなければいけない」

マーク・タカノ下院議員の両親は収容所にいたことがあるが、シリア難民を巡る議論への困惑をTwitterで表明した。

「はっきり言わなきゃいけないのが信じられないけど、日系アメリカ人(私の両親を含む)の隔離は目指すべき政策じゃない」

1988年、アメリカ政府は日系アメリカ人に謝罪し、生存者への補償について検討を始めた。

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カリフォルニア州テュールレイクの日系人収容所で1943年5月、補助教員に英語の童謡を教わる幼稚園児

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1942年、ロサンゼルスで、日系アメリカ人が家を追われ収容所に向かう風景。歩道は生活必需品がうずたかく積まれ、収容所へ日系人を移送するバスと車が並んでいた。

バウワーズ氏は、民主党から大統領選挙への立候補を表明したヒラリー・クリントン氏を支援するバージニア州指導者会議のメンバーだったが、Buzzfeedによると18日、役職を辞任したか解任された。

「日系人の隔離はアメリカの負の歴史であり、過去のおぞましい出来事に言及するのは信じがたい」と、クリントン氏陣営の広報担当者は話した。

バウワーズ氏は20日、発言について「すべての責任は私にある」と謝罪。発言は「個人的な政治見解を述べたもの」で「世界中にインターネットで広がるとは思っていなかった」と釈明した

この記事はハフポストUS版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

日系人収容所(第2次世界大戦中)
WWII Japanese Internment Camp(01 of28)
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An American soldier guards a Japanese internment camp at Manzanar, Calif., May 23, 1943. (AP Photo) (credit:AP)
Japanese Relocation Center(02 of28)
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Japanese evacuees arriving at Manzanar, Calif., a government reception center in the Owens River Valley, Calif., spent the evening of March 23, 1942 stuffing straw into sacks, these to serve as mattresses. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII US Internment 1943(03 of28)
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Japanese evacuees from Pacific coastal regions now residing at the big reception center at Manzanar, Calif., were included in the nationwide draft registration in the 45 to 65 age group. C.E. Demorest, Inyo County board clerk, conducted the registration in one of the barracks, April 26, 1943. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
MANZANAR WAR RELOCATION CENTER(04 of28)
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Japanese family life is preserved even at mealtime in the large mess halls of this war relocation center, as young and old gather around the table, at Manzanar, Calif., July 16, 1942. Evacuees are largely on their own, growing food and working insofar as possible in their usual jobs. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Japanense Internment(05 of28)
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All members of the Chick-a-dee Japanese Girl\'s Softball Team were evacuated to this war relocation center from Los Angeles so they kept their outfit together and are still swinging at wild ones like this in Manzanar, California July 16, 1942. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Japanense Internment(06 of28)
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A group of Japanese evacuees moving into this war relocation authority center in Manzanar, California June 19, 1942. They seem cheerful enough. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Aliens Japanese Internment Camps Manzanar(07 of28)
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Florence Yamaguchi, left, and Kinu Hirashima, both from Los Angeles, under an apple tree at this war relocation authority center in Manzanar, California June 19, 1942 for evacuees of Japanese ancestry. Miss Yamaguchi is a Nissel and Miss Hirashima, an Issei. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Aliens Japanese Internment Camps Manzanar(08 of28)
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A scene at the ice cream bar in the community store at this war relocation authority center ion Manzanar, California June 19, 1942 where evacuees of Japanese ancestry will spend the duration. In foreground are, left to right: Florence Yamaguchi, Nancy Kawashimi and Floyd Fujiu, all from Los Angeles. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Japanense Internment(09 of28)
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George S. Takemura, left, landscape Gardner from west Los Angeles, now occupies the showplace of Manzanar, California June 17, 1942, a war relocation authority center for Japanese. He has built a wishing well and other rustic articles for his quarters. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japanese Womens Softball Team(10 of28)
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Members of the Chicka- Dee softball team from Los Angeles, chooses sides for a practice game at Manzanar, Calif., War Relocation Center, June 17, 1942. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Japanense Internment(11 of28)
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Japanese evacuees from Pacific Coastal regions now residing at the big reception center at Manzanar, California April 26, 1942, were included in the nationwide draft registration in the 45 to 65 age group. C. E. Demorest into county board clerk conducted the registration in one of the barracks. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Aliens Japanese Internment Camps Manzanar(12 of28)
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Carpenters rushed work on the first of 25 blocks of barracks at Manzanar, in Californiaâs Owens Valley March 19, 1942 in preparation for the first group of Alien and American â born Japanese to be evacuated from Southern California cities beginning March 23. Each block will have 14 barracks, recreation hall, mess hall, laundry and other service units. In addition, a 150-bed hospital will be erected for the model community. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Aliens Japanese Internment Camps Manzanar(13 of28)
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Japanese are making themselves comfortable in their barrack-like surroundings. They are helping the construction of building and planning farms for the future. A group surveys the lands in hope of starting a garden March 27, 1942. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
150- Bed Hospital At Relocation Camp(14 of28)
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A 150- bed hospital in Manzanar, Calif. has been provided by the U.S. government for Japanese evacuated from Pacific Coast cities and communities. Nurse Fumiko Gohata holds the arm of patient Frank Saito while Dr. James Goto stands by, March 27, 1942. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII US Internment 1942(15 of28)
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The first day the Japanese reception center at Manzanar, Owens Valley, Calif., was in operation, the center\'s hospital did a big business, March 24, 1942. Here patient Sho Nakata is having an injured leg treated by Dr. James Goto and nurse Fumiko Gohata. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Aliens Japanese Internment Camps Manzanar(16 of28)
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Enough vaccines to inocculate the 10,000 Japanese who will be in the Owens valley reception center, already are on hand and are shown with Dr. James Goto, in charge of the hospital at the center in California March 24, 1942. Each Japenese will be innocilated after arrival at the center. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japanese Internment Camp(17 of28)
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A picture of Gen. Douglas MacArthur, military nemesis of the Japanese forces, hung in a flace of honor, March 24, 1942 on the wall of the room of Gene Hashimoto (left) and Mary Wada was at the reception center established at Manzanar in the Owens Valley for Japanese evacuated from Los Angeles. Miss Hashimoto wrote friends at home of the new life at the hastily constructed community. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Day of Remembrance(18 of28)
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**FILE** In this March 24, 1942 file photo Japanese citizens wait in line for their assigned homes at an alien reception center in Manzanar, Calif. Many were forced from their homes in Los Angeles by the U.S. Army. The National Day of Remembrance, for the detention of 120,000 Japanese-Americans during World War II, was observed around the country Thursday. (AP Photo, file) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
JAPANESE INTERNMENT(19 of28)
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Japanese citizens wait in line for their assigned homes at an internment camp reception center in Manzanar, Calif., on March 24, 1942. Many were forced from their homes in Los Angeles by the U.S. Army. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Japanense Internment(20 of28)
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First arrivals at the Japanese evacuee community established in the owens valley at Manzanar, California March 23, 1942, part of a vanguard of 86 workers from Los Angeles, are assigned to quarters in the barracks. More than 800 were moved into the camp. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII US Internment Camps 1942(21 of28)
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Gas stations at Mojave, Calif. did a land-office business when the convoy of automobile carrying Japanese aliens and citizens to the Manzanar reception center stopped to refuel, March 23, 1942. (AP Photo/John T. Burns) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Aliens Japanese Internment Camps Manzanar(22 of28)
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Japanese removed from their Los Angeles homes line up at the governmentâs alien camp at Manzanar, Calif. March 23, 1942 for their first meal after arrival at the camp. Rice, Beans, Prunes bread were included in the menu. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII North America United States Defense Aliens Japanese Internment Camps Manzanar(23 of28)
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Japanese removed from their Los Angeles homes at the governmentâs alien camp at Manzanar, Calif., March 23, 1942. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japanese Women At Alien Reception Center(24 of28)
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These Japanese women making themselves comfortable in their new quarters after their arrival March 23, 1942 at the Alien Reception Center at Manzanar, Calif.. Left to right: Shizuko Yarmada, Lillian Ito, and Mary Wada. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Train To Internment Camp(25 of28)
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Young Japanese, members of the first mass migration from Los Angeles for the war\'s duration, wave goodbye March 23, 1942 from the steps of an army train taking them to the reception center being built at Manzanar, Calif. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Barracks To House Evacuated Japanese(26 of28)
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The first of 350 such barracks to house 10,000 Japanese in Manzanar, Calif., evacuated from Southern California cities. Photo taken March 21, 1942. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
ABDUCTION REPARATION(27 of28)
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Japanese Latin Americans are shown in an unknown location en route to internment camps in the United States during World War II in this undated photo from the National Japanese American Historical Society. A class action suit against the United States was filed Wednesday, Aug 28, 1996, on behalf of the Japanese Latin Americans who were abducted and deported to the United States, then held to be exchanged for American prisoners of war. (AP Photo/National Japanese American Historical Society) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII Post War Japan(28 of28)
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Nine hundred and ninety one Japanese repatriates, most of them from an internment camp in Texas, boarded the liner Matsonian in Seattle, Washington for Japan on Dec. 7, 1945. This is a view of the Hiyarama family. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)