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毎年4万人以上のアメリカ人が自ら命を絶っているとされているが、その多くは、専門家の助けを求めることなく自殺に至っている。しかし、トークセラピー（会話療法）が、自殺する可能性が高い人々を救うかもしれないことを示唆する、新たな研究成果が発表された。
この研究の論文著者の1人が所属する、ジョンズ・ホプキンス大学ブルームバーグ公衆衛生大学院のウェブサイトによると、自殺未遂をした人がトークセラピーを受けることで、その後長年経過しても、再び自殺をはかったり命を落としたりする可能性が低いことがわかったという。
これまでの研究でも、トークセラピーは、うつ病の症状を治療するのに効果的であることがわかっており、トークセラピーの一種である認知行動療法は、軽度から中程度のうつ病の治療で、低く見積もっても薬物治療と同程度の効果が見込めるとされている。
今回の研究では、1992年～2010年の間に自殺未遂を起こした、6万5000名を超えるデンマーク人のデータの分析をした（自殺未遂後、最高20年にわたって追跡が行なわれた）。そして、デンマーク国内の自殺防止クリニックで心理社会的治療を受けた5600名以上と、治療を受けなかった1万7000名以上（両グループとも同じような自殺リスクを持っている人たち）のデータを比較した。
その結果、こうした治療を6回～10回受けるだけで、長期的な違いが出ることが示された。治療を終えて5年が過ぎた時点で両グループを比較したところ、治療を受けたグループのほうが、治療を受けなかったグループより、自殺率が26％低かった。10年が過ぎた時点でも、治療を受けたグループのほうは自殺率が少なかったという。
デンマークには、国民のほとんどが基本的には無料で医療を受けられる医療制度がある。自殺防止クリニックは1992年に、自殺のリスクを抱えてはいるが、精神病院に行っていない人々を支援するために創設された。デンマーク国内には現在、8つのクリニックがある。
この研究結果は、精神疾患領域の専門誌「Lancet Psychiatry」オンライン版に掲載されている。
この記事はハフポストUS版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。
[日本語版：遠藤康子、合原弘子/ガリレオ]
20 Reasons To Love Meditation
It Lowers Stress -- Literally(01 of20)
Research published just last month in the journal Health Psychology shows that mindfulness is not only associated with feeling less stressed, it\'s also linked with decreased levels of the stress hormone cortisol. (credit:Shutterstock)
It Lets Us Get To Know Our True Selves (02 of20)
It lets us get to know our true selves. Mindfulness can help us see beyond those rose-colored glasses when we need to really objectively analyze ourselves. A study in the journal Psychological Science shows that mindfulness can help us conquer common \"blind spots,\" which can amplify or diminish our own flaws beyond reality. (credit:Shutterstock)
It Can Make Your Grades Better(03 of20)
Researchers from the University of California, Santa Barbara, found that college students who were trained in mindfulness performed better on the verbal reasoning section of the GRE, and also experienced improvements in their working memory. \"Our results suggest that cultivating mindfulness is an effective and efficient technique for improving cognitive function, with widereaching consequences,\" the researchers wrote in the Psychological Science study. (credit:Flickr:David Ortez)
It Could Help Our Troops(04 of20)
The U.S. Marine Corps is in the process of seeing how mindfulness meditation training can improve troops\' performance and ability to handle -- and recover from -- stress. (credit:Flickr:MilitaryHealth)
It Could Help People With Arthritis (05 of20)
A 2011 study in the journal Annals of Rheumatic Disease shows that even though mindfulness training may not help to lessen pain for people with rheumatoid arthritis, it could help to lower their stress and fatigue. (credit:Shutterstock)
It Changes The Brain In A Protective Way (06 of20)
University of Oregon researchers found that integrative body-mind training -- which is a meditation technique -- can actually result in brain changes that may be protective against mental illness. The meditation practice was linked with increased signaling connections in the brain, something called axonal density, as well as increased protective tissue (myelin) around the axons in the anterior cingulate brain region. (credit:Alamy)
It Works As The Brain's "Volume Knob"(07 of20)
Ever wondered why mindfulness meditation can make you feel more focused and zen? It\'s because it helps the brain to have better control over processing pain and emotions, specifically through the control of cortical alpha rhythms (which play a role in what senses our minds are attentive to), according to a study in the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. (credit:Alamy)
It Makes Music Sound Better(08 of20)
Mindfulness meditation improves our focused engagement in music, helping us to truly enjoy and experience what we\'re listening to, according to a study in the journal Psychology of Music. (credit:Flickr:U.S. Embassy Jakarta, Indonesia)
It Helps Us Even When We're Not Actively Practicing It(09 of20)
You don\'t have to actually be meditating for it to still benefit your brain\'s emotional processing. That\'s the finding of a study in the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, which shows that the amygdala brain region\'s response to emotional stimuli is changed by meditation, and this effect occurs even when a person isn\'t actively meditating. (credit:Shutterstock)
It Has Four Elements That Help Us In Different Ways(10 of20)
The health benefits of mindfulness can be boiled down to four elements, according to a Perspectives on Psychological Science study: body awareness, self-awareness, regulation of emotion and regulation of attention. (credit:Shutterstock)
It Could Help Your Doctor Be Better At His/Her Job (11 of20)
Doctors, listen up: Mindfulness meditation could help you better care for your patients. Research from the University of Rochester Medical Center shows that doctors who are trained in mindfulness meditation are less judgmental, more self-aware and better listeners when it comes to interacting with patients (credit:Shutterstock)
It Makes You A Better Person (12 of20)
Sure, we love all the things meditation does for us. But it could also benefit people we interact with, by making us more compassionate, according to a study in the journal Psychological Science. Researchers from Northeastern and Harvard universities found that meditation is linked with more virtuous, \"do-good\" behavior. (credit:Alamy)
It Could Make Going Through Cancer Just A Little Less Stressful(13 of20)
Research from the Jefferson-Myrna Brind Center of Integrative Medicine shows that mindfulness coupled with art therapy can successfully decrease stress symptoms among women with breast cancer. And not only that, but imaging tests show that it is actually linked with brain changes related to stress, emotions and reward. (credit:Shutterstock)
It Could Help The Elderly Feel Less Lonely (14 of20)
Loneliness among seniors can be dangerous, in that it\'s known to raise risks for a number of health conditions. But researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, found that mindfulness meditation helped to decrease these feelings of loneliness among the elderly, and boost their health by reducing the expression of genes linked with inflammation. (credit:Alamy)
It Could Make Your Health Care Bill A Little Lower(15 of20)
Not only will your health benefit from mindfulness meditation training, but your wallet might, too. Research in the American Journal of Health Promotion shows that practicing Transcendental Meditation is linked with lower yearly doctor costs, compared with people who don\'t practice the meditation technique. (credit:Shutterstock)
It Comes In Handy During Cold Season(16 of20)
Aside from practicing good hygiene, mindfulness meditation and exercise could lessen the nasty effects of colds. Researchers from the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Health found that people who engage in the practices miss fewer days of work from acute respiratory infections, and also experience a shortened duration and severity of symptoms. (credit:Flickr:anna gutermuth)
It Lowers Depression Risk Among Pregnant Women (17 of20)
As many as one in five pregnant women will experience depression, but those who are at especially high risk for depression may benefit from some mindfulness yoga. \"Research on the impact of mindfulness yoga on pregnant women is limited but encouraging,\" study researcher Dr. Maria Muzik, M.D., an assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Michigan, said in a statement. \"This study builds the foundation for further research on how yoga may lead to an empowered and positive feeling toward pregnancy.\" (credit:Flickr:phalinn)
It Also Lowers Depression Risk Among Teens(18 of20)
Teaching teens how to practice mindfulness through school programs could help them experience less stress, anxiety and depression, according to a study from the University of Leuven.\n (credit:Shutterstock)
It Supports Your Weight-Loss Goals(19 of20)
Trying to shed a few pounds to get to a healthier weight? Mindfulness could be your best friend, according to a survey of psychologists conducted by Consumer Reports and the American Psychological Association. Mindfulness training was considered an \"excellent\" or \"good\" strategy for weight loss by seven out of 10 psychologists in the survey. (credit:Flickr:lululemon athletica)
It Helps You Sleep Better(20 of20)
We saved the best for last! A University of Utah study found that mindfulness training can not only help us better control our emotions and moods, but it can also help us sleep better at night. “People who reported higher levels of mindfulness described better control over their emotions and behaviors during the day. In addition, higher mindfulness was associated with lower activation at bedtime, which could have benefits for sleep quality and future ability to manage stress,\" study researcher Holly Rau said in a statement. (credit:Alamy)
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