タトゥーの彫り師は医師法違反か?裁判で闘う若者「アートの生きる場所守りたい」

「自分が生きる場所を守りたい」と、無罪を訴え法廷で争っている。
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タトゥー(刺青)を彫っていいのは医師だけ。この法解釈に疑問を投げかける刑事裁判が大阪地裁で進行している。発端は大阪府警による彫り師の摘発だった。医師法違反罪で2015年8月に略式起訴された彫り師の一人、大阪府吹田市の増田太輝さんは、「タトゥーは自分にとってアート。アーティストとして自分が生きる場所を守りたい」と、無罪を訴え法廷で争っている。

増田さんの元に大阪府警の捜査員がやってきたのは、2015年4月。タトゥー器具用の消毒液を購入した薬品業者の薬事法違反の関係先として、増田さんのタトゥースタジオが家宅捜索された。「何のことか全くわからなくて、ドラマみたいで」。その後、増田さんに対し、客の女性3人に対してタトゥーを入れたという医師法違反の容疑で捜査が始まった。

同時期に、大阪では老舗タトゥースタジオ「チョップスティック」でも彫り師5人が逮捕されている。

取り調べで『君、医師免許持ってないでしょ?』と言われて、全く何のことかわからなかった。他の彫り師仲間で、医者だなんて人はいませんし、何十年も取り締まりなんてなかったのに、急になんで?って。

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彫り師の増田太輝さん

「イレズミと日本人」(山本芳美著・平凡社新書)によると、「一説には日本で5000人の彫師がいる」。日本の彫り師の技術は世界的に高い評価を得ており、海外からやってくる客も多いという。

■タトゥー規制の根拠は

京大大学院法学研究科の高山佳奈子教授(刑事法)によると、実はタトゥーに関して「医業」であり、医師以外は彫ってはならないと明記された法律はない。

厚生労働省は2001年に脱毛やアートメイクについて、「医師が行うのでなければ保健衛生上危害の生ずるおそれ」があるとして、「『針先に色素を付けながら皮膚の表面に色素を入れる行為』は医師しかできない」との通達を出している。

大阪府警はこれがタトゥーにも当てはまるとの判断で、増田さんの逮捕に踏み切ったとみられるという。

過去にも別の県警などで彫り師が逮捕された事例はあるが、高山教授は「あくまで通達に過ぎない。厚労省の勝手な解釈で処罰対象となれば表現・職業選択の自由が狭められ、許してはならないことです」と話す。

以前は金属が含まれていることが多かったタトゥーのインクについても、実際に現在使われているものではほとんど使用されておらず、成分表も開示されている。また、感染症の原因となる、針やインク皿なども、現在では一般的に使い捨て方式になっているという。

「万一、健康被害が出たというならば、業務上過失傷害罪で対応すべきですが、今回の場合、実害も出ていない。憲法上の権利を制限する規制です」と高山教授は話す。

■なぜ闘うのか

増田さんは略式命令を拒み、正式裁判を申し立てた。現在は公判前整理手続きが進行しており、2017年初にも初公判が開かれる見通しだという。増田さんはなぜ闘うことを選んだのか。

一旦は略式命令を受け入れようと思いました。罰金30万円を支払えばそれで済むし、他の彫り師はそうしたようです。でも、払ってしまえば、自分が好きで続けてきた仕事は違法行為だと認めてしまうことになる。それでいいのか?と思いました。

そこで相談したのが、同じようにクラブ営業の裁判で闘っていた老舗クラブ、NOONの元経営者である金光正年さんと主任弁護人の亀石倫子弁護士だった。

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12月18日のイベントで登壇し、裁判の意義について語る亀石弁護士(右)と高山教授(中央)

■クラブ裁判の関係者が応援

金光さんは、経営していたクラブの客に無許可でダンスをさせたという風俗営業法違反の罪に問われたが、2016年に最高裁で無罪判決が確定した

この裁判で争われたのは「ダンス」の定義だった。当時の風営法(2016年改正法施行)で「客にダンスと飲食をさせる営業」は届け出る必要があるとされていたが、「クラブはいかがわしい店ではない」と届け出ていなかった金光さんは罪に問われた。しかし、ダンスの定義を巡っての争いで、大阪高裁は「男女が組となり、かつ身体を接触させることが通常であるようなダンス」が風営法で規制されるべきダンスと定義し、クラブで踊られるようなダンスは風営法の対象外であることとされた。金光さんは無罪を勝ち取ったが、経営していた老舗店を失った。

「警察が勝手に文面を見て解釈で運用していく。その時なぜ、私たちのような者がターゲットにされるのか。それは社会的に良い印象がないから。クラブのような夜の商売は文句の言えない弱者。それが無罪になったし法改正もされたから、次はタトゥー。『あいつらどうせ悪いことしてんやろ』と社会に思われているから、安心して検挙できる。でも太輝君には『めっちゃ大変やで。ほんまにできんのか?』と言いましたよ。それでも『信じてきたことに背は向けられない』と言うから、よっしゃ応援しようと」。

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NOONの元経営者、金光正年さん

亀石弁護士は、今回の増田さんの事件でも主任弁護人を務めている。また、彫り師らの仲間たちが団体「save tattooing」を結成し、この問題を考えるシンポジウムや資金集めのチャリティーイベントを開催するなど支援を続けている。

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■タトゥーの「イメージの悪さ」

増田さんは彫り師として仕事を始めた時から、お客さん全員に必ず誓約書を書いてもらうことにしていた。成人しているか、肝炎や感染症などは持っていないかに加えて、「暴力団関係者ではない」との文言も含まれている。

自分がこの仕事を始めたきっかけは、洋楽のアーティストへの憧れ。遠い存在に近づくための手段であり、自己表現でアートと同じような感覚。

しかし、その世界に足を踏み入れてみると、思った以上に世間の目は厳しかった。

腕にタトゥーがある知り合いの方が、外国人の奥さんと一緒にとあるフレンチレストランに行った時に、最初は特には何も言われなかったそうです。でも店内で、日本語で話した途端に「日本人の方ですか?入れ墨の方はご遠慮ください」と言われたんです。「外国人ならいいの?」と食い下がったらお店の人が「そうです」って。外国人ならいいっていうのは変な話。差別としか言いようがない扱いだと思うんですが、残念ながらそういう社会の目は自分たちも受け止めないといけないと思いました。

そこで、増田さんは、衣服で隠れない箇所にタトゥーを入れたいと望んだり、「彼氏や彼女の名前を彫りたい」などと希望する客に対しては、必ず、一度考え直してもらうようにしていたという。

会社勤めの人なら辞めさせられるかもしれない、転職の自由も失う。温泉にも入れなくなる。そういう覚悟を持って、それでも入れたい?それが本当にしたい自己表現なの?と聞いて、帰ってもらったことも何度もありました。中途半端な人には入れたくなかった。

同じ信号無視をした人でも、その人にタトゥーが入ってたら「やっぱりね」と思われる。僕はタトゥーが好きだからこの仕事をしている。お客さんにもそのタトゥーを好きになってもらいたい。タトゥーを入れたことで何らか、プラスになってほしい。

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バナナでタトゥーの彫り方を実演してみせる増田さん

■きちんとしたタトゥーの制度を

増田さんは、自身の無罪を主張すると同時に、タトゥーの彫り師に関して、医師ではない免許や登録制などきちんとした制度を作ってほしいとも訴えている。

増田さんがタトゥーの技術を学んだのは独学だった。消毒の仕方や器具の使い方、衛生管理などは先輩格の彫り師から教わった。自身は安全にタトゥーを入れてきた自負はある。

でも、体に針を入れる仕事である以上、ちゃんとしなきゃいけないと思う。そして、彫り師仲間もみんな「次は俺が逮捕される?」ってビクビクしてます。野放しにされて、その結果、ある日急に規制をかけられるんじゃなくて、ちゃんとした法律を作りたい。だから自分たちが立ち上がって、生きる場所を守っていかないといけない。

関東弁護士連合会の調査(2014年)によると、海外では、アメリカが多くの州で免許制、英国などは登録制となっているが、医師免許を必要とはしていない。また、タトゥーと同じように身体に針を入れる鍼灸師は医業ではなく「医業類似行為」とされ、別の国家資格制度となっている。

その受け皿となれる業界団体として、約3年前に設立されたNPO法人「刺青衛生協会」が活動を活発化させている。会長の山田正章さんは、約10年前から、安全なタトゥーに関する知識を普及させるためのテキストを作成していた。一連の騒動を受けて、衛生管理の講習会を実施する予定という。「最新の知識を皆で学んで、世界レベルの安全なタトゥーの知識を普及させたい」と話す。

増田さんの裁判を支援するために、12月18日には大阪・ミナミのライブハウスで、save tattooing主催のチャリティーイベントが開かれた。彫り師らだけでなく、タレントのLiLiCoさんやロックバンドRIZEのヴォーカリスト・ギタリストのJESSEさんも参加し、500人以上が集まる熱気に包まれた。

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「日本の規制は意味がわからない、逮捕には驚いた」と語るLiLiCoさんはスウェーデン国籍。自身も背中全面などにタトゥーを入れているが、テレビCMへの出演などでも、現在はほとんど支障がないと話す。(右から2人目)

業界でカリスマ的な人気を誇り「伝説の彫り師」と呼ばれる、渋谷彫雅さんは壇上で裁判への支援と業界の団結を訴えた。

「昔はタトゥーにアウトローのイメージもあったかもしれない。『一門』以外と連絡を取るのを禁止しているような時代もあった。でもその垣根を取っ払おう。もっとオープンで、クリーンな業界になろう。彫り師が孤立化している業界の弱点がいま首を絞めている。俺たちが半生かけてやってきたことを否定されるのはおかしいじゃないか」

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仲間たちに熱く訴える渋谷彫雅さん

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■タトゥー問題で、山本兵衛監督によるドキュメンタリー映像作品が制作進行中

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タトゥーの女性たち
Rosy Cherrington(01 of15)
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Already obsessed with tattoos, and fake ID in hand, I was 17 when I got my first one. It was a way, at last, to take ownership of my body - one that no one could take away, unlike the piercings I was forced to remove at work and at school.\n\nI saw them as a form of rebellion - as much as self decoration - and over the years into adulthood, my collection grew; a baptism of needles into self awareness and acceptance.\n\nI think tattoos can be beautiful, meaningful - each one for me symbolises a part of my life, a story, an experience, a person I\'ll never forget. There are ones I want to remove, but I still look down at them with fondness for the memory they represent.\n\nReactions have been mosty been positive, aside from the \'tatt-calling, but I still think we live in a time when tattooed folks face discrimination - especially in the workplace.\n (credit:Tahira Mirza/Huffington Post UK)
Reka Vincze(02 of15)
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Do you feel society has double standards when it comes to females and tats - i.e, men are considered to be hipsters and women are considered to be morally questionable?\n\nI kind of do feel society has double standards when it comes to females and tatoos but more abroad than in the UK (or maybe in smaller towns). I\'m from Hungary and there you can really feel that people are fine with a man having a lot of tattoos but not so much for a woman. They immediately ask you bluntly \"what do your parents think of that?\" \"How will you find work?\" Etc... If I have any issues in London it\'s because of a tourist, not because of English people. \n\nI don\'t think tattoos make you strong and in control of your body you just have to have a strong personality especially when you have more visible tattoos/lots of piercings as they draw attention, which is not always very pleasant or kind hearted. So you -kind of- have to \"defend\" yourself, grow a thick skin. (credit:Tahira Mirza/Huffington Post UK)
Reka Vincze(03 of15)
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I got into punk and hardcore music in my early teens. Most of my \"punk rocker\" friends were into piercings and tattoos so it came naturally.\n\nSome of them have some meaning but most don\'t. Although it\'s more about who made them.\n\nI have so many tattoos so they all come with stories - sometimes good and funny, sometimes not. Nothing super special or memorable though. \n
Reka Vincze(04 of15)
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Gio Anna(05 of15)
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I think anybody should be free to do whatever he/she wants with their body. I got my tattoos because they mean & remind me of something special. \n\nI did not ask myself any questions about what people think when I had them done, I did it for myself. \n\nI wanted something printed on me forever, like something to think of you missed, and you have it on you even if you\'re re not thinking about it (credit:Tahira Mirza/Huffington Post UK)
Poorna Bell(06 of15)
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I got my first tattoo when I was 17, from a dodgy place called Kev\'s Tattoo Parlour. Kev was not great with precision, and the end result was a wobbly Celtic triangle, but I didn\'t care. For me, this was my first step of doing whatever I wanted to with my body (sorry Mum). It felt rebellious but it also felt empowering. Since the sound of that first needle buzzing in my universe, I have got around seven tattoos, including the cover-ups. \n\nI kept most of these hidden from my parents, but when I got the tats on my inner arms, I had to come clean. They were shocked and my mum was worried that I wouldn\'t get a good job, but look at me now, yo. The bigger tattoo on my right arm is more significant because I knew if I got it, I would be stepping from the realm of dabbling into a Woman With Tattoos. \n\nI do think there is a gender disparity in how men with tats are treated to women with tats. With guys, it\'s a hipster thing - you\'re seen as cool and edgy. With women, a lot of people assume you must be compensating for something or you\'re somehow looser with your morals and it\'s ridiculous as it\'s 2016, not 1916. \n
Julia Seizure(07 of15)
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\"I first remember seeing and being interested in tattoos through punk band album sleeve photos and music magazines. I grew up in south east Asia and none of my family have tattoos so I wasn\'t very immersed in subcultures of any kind until I discovered punk music as a youngun\'\n\nPeople can be dicks, people can be nice. My favouring reaction is being called a pirate by a toddler in the bank. \n\nDo you feel society has double standards when it comes to females and tats - i.e, men are considered to be hipsters and women are considered to be morally questionable?\n\nI absolutely think society has double standards when it comes to females and tattoos\n\nA heavily tattooed woman is deemed a lot of things that I don\'t like to particularly dwell on. Nonsense really.\n\n\nI do feel my tattoos make me a strong person, yeah. I feel very proud of the work I have collected and I hope the people that I tattoo feel proud of my work on them. It\'s a very gratifying process obtaining a collection... Much like any collection really. There is a great sense of accomplishment every time I get a new tattoo.\" (credit:Tahira Mirza/Huffington Post UK)
Annabelle Lemaire-Brooks(08 of15)
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I remember as a little girl I was obsessed with wanting to get my ears pierced. I used to stick on fake earrings when I was 5 and spent years convincing my Mum to let me get them done, which she did at aged 12. However it was my fascination of alternative culture as a young teenager was what lead to my love of body art. My piercing collection grew and grew (much to the dismay of my parents) and by the age of 15 I had over 21 piercings. By my late teens I had my first tattoo while training to be a piercer and working the reception at a tattoo shop. It was addictive, rebellious and because it was free at my disposal anytime, I got quite a collection of some good and some so very bad ink! But above all I think the most important thing is that body art allows you to express your personality and individuality and that\'s what truly matters to me. \n\nEvery tattoo tells a story and is a snapshot of your life at that time. My Daddy tattoo was done when he first started receiving hospital treatment 9 years ago. My Dad wasn\'t the biggest fan of it (or any tattoo I had) and he used to tease me about how I used his name to have another excuse to get another one! But secretly I think he was quite flattered! Since my Dad\'s recent passing, I find a lot of comfort wearing this piece and feel that he\'s always with me by my side so very grateful I have it.\n\nI have received some lovely compliments about my pieces but at the same time received far more negativity of my image than positive. I\'ll never forget the time I was going to catch the school bus and was called a human pin cushion by an old man! haha Or when me and my fiancé walked through a country town in Australia and were called freaks from the guys across the street. If i had a pound for every time someone said, \"did that hurt?\" i\'d be a millionaire. But above all, the most frustrating reaction is when people say \"you\'re so beautiful why are you ruining your face with that stuff\". People with tattoos and piercings see this as beautiful, it\'s not just vanity it\'s a lifestyle choice, something that is regularly mis understand. However in more recent times, I think things have changed and there\'s not so much of a taboo anymore so people notice and comment less.\n\n100%!! feel society has double standards when it comes to females and tattoos even in the most relaxed and creative industries this is an issue! Guys with full sleeves can walk into any boardroom and be respected. I doubt very much a women with tattoos would receive the same welcome. I\'ve found that since I have taken on more senior sales roles and increasingly more client facing, that i\'ve slowly had to take piercings out one by one, change my dress and feel the pressure to not get any more tattoos that are in un coverable positions. It\'s never said, but it\'s what society expects me to do. \n\nI remember the first client meeting i ever had after being in telesales for the last 2 years. My manager started freaking out not wanting me to go to the meeting even though over the phone I had the best relationship with this client across the whole team. She feared that because of my tattoos and piercings I would loose the account, but I nailed it and signed them on for a year. I took that as a little victory and reminded me to not change who I am for a job but to push the boundaries in more of a comfortable and compromised way.\n\nAlthough I don\'t have many piercings left, I still hide my septum piercing at work because it wouldn\'t be considered appropriate to wear while seeing clients. I think that with the increased popularity of tattoos, they are becoming more common so as a result piercings have more of a stigma in the workplace than tattoos! All a guy has to do is put on an american apparel shirt, geek glasses and he\'s a hipster with his nose ring and a full sleeve! We wouldn\'t get the same reaction as we would be seen to be scruffy! I used to cover my tats for job interviews and when I first started a new job. Now I still do on my 1st interview but after that I don\'t hide anything, they need to know the real me and what they will get if they hire m. I let my experience and reputation do the talking and prove them otherwise. \n\nThis is my body and I am happy that I live in a society where I have the choice to do what I want with it! We are strong because tattoos and piercings hurt and you have to be a little bit tough to get through them! Some of these tattoos have come into your life during a difficult time so throughout time they become your little badges of honour. The only thing I\'m not in control of is scarring from piercings which is irreversible and I would encourage people to really think about the commitment for any body art before going through with the decision. \n (credit:Tahira Mirza/Huffington Post UK)
Jessie Thompson(09 of15)
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I had always wanted a tattoo when I was younger, probably from looking at the women I looked up to like The Spice Girls who were always getting them (surely as good a reason as any). I thought it was really cool to be able to have a picture on your body. I failed multiple times to find a tattooist who would ink me under-age (thank god) and ended up getting my first one on my 18th birthday. And I got my nipple pierced for a dare.\n\nI used to pretend they had these really profound meanings like \'I travel far away but I always come back to my home\' but that\'s just total bollocks because I was 18 and didn\'t know what I was talking about. I got my hot air balloon tattoo when I was 23 though because I just wanted to give myself something beautiful that always made me happy to look at at a time in my life when things were hard and everything was changing. \n\n\nPeople generally love them and are really complimentary (apart from my mum who thinks that I look like I belong in prison) but the most memorable reactions just come from creeps. I have wings on my back and people are always like \'I KNEW YOU WERE AN ANGEL\' and I have a swallow on my wrist and people are like \'IS THAT COS YOU SWALLOW LOL\'.\n\nI definitely do feel society has double standards when it comes to tattoos on females. I think because women are seen as being more \'pure\' than men and there\'s quite a specific beauty standard, marking your skin with a tattoo is seen as quite rebellious or even un-feminine. A lot of people are really shocked when they find out I have tattoos because they don\'t expect it - I think they\'re shocked that I\'m capable of making decisions about my own body and it means I\'m really wild and crazy. I\'m not I spend all my time in the library (I don\'t). \n\nMy tattoos remind me that I can withstand hours of intense pain and also that my body is my own and I can do whatever I want with it. \n (credit:Tahira Mirza/Huffington Post UK)
Cat Owen(10 of15)
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It felt really natural to get piercings and tattoos - I\'ve always admired people who have the confidence to be themselves - it\'s very much that vibe for me.\n\nBest reaction ever was to my Burger Bear tattoo as I now get free burgers for life! \n\nDefinitely agree that there are double standards. I am hardly ever taken seriously, even though I am highly intelligent and a successful entrepreneur, I find that \"normal\" looking people struggle to take me seriously. \n\n (credit:Tahira Mirza/Huffington Post UK)
Eve Hartley(11 of15)
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\"I have always identified with alternative culture and getting tattoos and piercings made sense to me. On top of that, I have always taken risks, and I wanted to know what the sensation felt like, now it\'s a part of who I am.\n\nBoth of my tattoos have strong meanings. \nOn my ribs I have a tiger, which is the favourite animal of a friend who sadly passed away age 19. It reads \'no regrets\' which was part of her ethos for living life. It reminds me to take the plunge because life can be devastatingly short. \n\nMy \'pin-up\' girl on my arm is inspired by Amy Winehouse. I admired her courage and strength and wanted something to remind me of that slope, and how painful addiction can be. \nI have since had another tattoo from a trip to New Zealand. Inspired by the nature and people, it\'s a reflection of turbulence amid the city and how I feel at home again after rediscovering a connection with the planet. \n\nWhen my mum first saw them she yelped and screamed a little before saying \"oh fuck\", but she has since given her reluctant blessing. \n\n\nI think there is a long way to go for it to be \"socially acceptable\'\" for women to do lots of things with their bodies. \nThe more women who feel they can express themselves through body art, the more the world will accept it. \nArguably tattoos are becoming more mainstream and women can enjoy the acceptance that comes with that. \nI think that men have an easier time with tattoos because they are not scrutinised as much as women on their appearance. Female \'masculinity\', or \'butchness\' is also looked down upon.\n\nThey paint a story on my body which I take with me around the world and I\'m always reminded of their beautiful and individual messages. \nI think that they do give me strength and I am able to own my body and kind of say \"fuck you and your social norms\" to the world. I aim to be covered in them soon (sorry mum).\" (credit:Tahira Mirza/Huffington Post UK)
Elizabeth Ramone(12 of15)
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Luisa Rojia(13 of15)
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Sarita Rodriguez(14 of15)
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I feel confident in my body and my tattoos are an image of my self expression.\n\nI do feel men are treated differently to women when it comes to being heavily tattooed, we aren\'t seen as feminine or \'normal\' which I think is ridiculous because when the tables are turned and a man is heavily tattooed he is seen as being \'hot\' take David Beckham as an example.\n\n (credit:Tahira Mirza/Huffington Post UK)
Sarita Rodriguez(15 of15)
Open Image Modal
(credit:Tahira Mirza/Huffington Post UK)