トランプ大統領が招く「憲法の危機」 入国禁止令を停止した裁判官をTwitterで攻撃

法曹界の専門家は、司法の独立を脅かし、憲法の危機につながる可能性があると指摘した。
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U.S. President Donald Trump speaks before signing an executive order rolling back regulations from the 2010 Dodd-Frank law on Wall Street reform at the White House in Washington February 3, 2017. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque
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ワシントン州の連邦地裁が2月3日、中東・アフリカのイスラム圏7カ国を対象とした入国禁止令を一時的に効力停止した。ドナルド・トランプ大統領は翌朝、自身の方針が壁にぶち当たったときの、いつもの行動に出た。敵と見なした人物を、Twitterで個人攻撃に出たのだ。

法の執行をこの国から根本的に取り上げる、いわゆる裁判官のこの意見はばかげている。覆されるだろう!

大統領令への全面的な効力停止に対してトランプ氏は、かつて共和党の大統領が任命した西部ワシントン州のジェームズ・ロバート連邦地裁判事の判断を非難した。

法曹界の専門家は、トランプ氏のコメントが、大統領の政策と食い違う司法の決定は無視すべきだという政府機関へのシグナルを送ることで、司法の独立を脅かし、憲法の危機につながる可能性があると指摘した。

「既に、ロバート判事の決定を不服として裁判に訴えるなら、控訴審は、司法に対するトランプ氏の攻撃を法廷の場で検証することになる。それは憂慮すべきことだ」とシカゴ大学のエリック・ポスナー教授は2月4日に書いた。ポズナー氏は「大統領の政敵と見なされる可能性がある」と指摘した。

ホワイトハウスのショーン・スパイサー報道官は3日夜、司法省が「けしからん(outrageous)命令で」緊急滞在を認めようとしていると発表した。スパイサー氏は4日午前にも、ほぼ同じ声明を発表したが、「けしからん」という言葉が削除された

スパイサー氏は、執行部が司法に公然と反旗を翻して脚光を浴びることを懸念していたのだろうか。だとすれば、彼は上司を動かすことに失敗したようだ。数時間後、トランプ氏は連邦地裁の決定を「ばかばかしい」「ひどい」と叩くツイートを投稿した。トランプ氏によれば、地裁の決定のせいで「多くの非常に悪い危険な人々が私たちの国に押し寄せるかもしれない」という。

裁判官が国土安全保障省の旅行禁止令を停止できて、悪意ある人物でさえ誰もがアメリカに入国できるなんて、我が国はなんて国なんだ?

入国禁止令は裁判官によって解除されたので、多くの非常に悪い危険な人々が私たちの国に押し寄せるかもしれない。ひどい決定だ

大統領のTwitterの暴言は、判事を政治的に苦しい状況に追い込むことに加え、「司法命令を無視するため、政府内のトランプ氏に忠実な勢力の立場を強める」かもしれないと、ポズナー教授は警告した。

この種のシナリオは、すでにあちこちで起きているのかもしれない。ニューヨーク州、バージニア州、マサチューセッツ州の連邦地裁の裁判官が、アメリカのビザを持つ7カ国からの旅行者に、大統領令を適用することを一時的な停するよう命じた後でさえ、税関と国境巡回犯罪捜査官が旅行者を勾留し続けていると、連邦議会の議員や弁護士らが非難している

現職の大統領が司法の決定に異議を唱えることは異例だ。バラク・オバマ前大統領は2010年の大統領演説で、最高裁が「特定の利益集団のために水門を開いた」と批判した。保守的な市民団体「シチズンズ・ユナイテッド」が、選挙のためのコマーシャル放送に一定の禁止期間を設けていた法律が憲法違反だと最高裁が決定したことを受けた発言だった。しかし、ハーバード大学のローレンス・トライブ教授によれば、それでも、オバマ氏は特定の裁判官を批判することを避け、決定の正当性には異を唱えず、三権分立の重要性について言及した

トライブ教授は「個々の裁判官を名指しし、法服がふさわしくないと露骨に非難することなど、まったく前例のない(unprecedented)ことです。トランプ氏は『大統領にふさわしくない』(unpresidented)と言うかもしれませんが」と、12月にTwitterで皮肉った。

トランプ氏が裁判官を攻撃したのは初めてではない。2016年6月の大統領選挙の期間中、彼はトランプ大学に対する訴訟を担当していたゴンサロ・キュリエル連邦地裁判事を攻撃した。かつてメキシコ人を「犯罪者」と呼んでいたトランプ氏は、インディアナ州で生まれたキュリエル氏を「メキシコ人の血を引いているから仕事ができない」とののしった。

共和党の一部も、キリエル氏に対する発言のときは憂慮したようだ。ポール・ライアン下院議長は当時、トランプ氏の発言は「差別主義者(レイシスト)のコメントのお手本」だと述べたが、今回のトランプの裁判官非難に、コメントを求められたライアン議長は、即座に反応しなかった。

4日の夕方、トランプ氏の裁判官攻撃を批判した唯一の議員は民主党の議員だった。パトリック・リーヒ上院議員は「法の支配に対する大統領の敵意はただ恥ずかしいだけではなく、危険だ」と述べた。 「彼は憲法の危機を引き起こそうとしているようだ」

ハフィントンポストUS版に掲載された記事を翻訳・要約しました。

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