トランプ大統領、最高裁判事にゴーサッチ氏を指名 保守派が過半数に?

連邦最高裁判事の承認には、上院の過半数の賛成が必要となる。
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連邦最高裁判事に指名されたニール・ゴーサッチ判事(左)とトランプ大統領

アメリカのドナルド・トランプ大統領は1月31日夜、欠員となっている連邦最高裁判事候補にコロラド州デンバーの第10巡回控訴裁判所のニール・ゴーサッチ判事(49)を指名した。ニューヨークタイムズなどが報じた。

連邦最高裁判事は終身制で、違憲訴訟などで政策の差し止めなどの権限を持っており、大統領が代わっても判事が交代することはないため、保守派とリベラル派の判事の構成は、今後の政策運営に大きな影響を与えることになる。ゴーサッチ氏が承認されれば、保守派の判事が多数派となるため、保守的な政策が最高裁判断で合憲とされる可能性が高くなる。

連邦最高裁判事の承認には、上院の過半数の賛成が必要となる。定数100の上院では共和党が52議席を占めるが、民主党は長時間演説で議事を妨害する「フィリバスター」を仕掛けることができる。フィリバスターを打ち切って持ち込むためには原則として60人の賛成が必要となるが、民主党の賛同を得ることは困難だ

9人で構成される連邦最高裁判事は、2016年4月に保守派のアントニン・スカリア氏が急死して以来空席となっている。現在は保守派4人、リベラル派4人と拮抗しており、今回のトランプ氏の指名で保守派が多数派となるかどうか、注目が集まっていた。

バラク・オバマ大統領はスカリア氏の後任に中道のワシントン連邦高裁のメリック・ガーランド判事を指名したが、上院で多数を占める共和党が承認公聴会を拒否し、議決まで持ち込めなかった。

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トランプ大統領の大統領令に抗議する全米のデモ
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(01 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(02 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(03 of38)
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SEATTLE, WA - JANUARY 29: A protestor hold a sign referring to the poem engraved on the Statue of Liberty while chanting during a demonstration on January 29, 2017 in Seattle, Washington, against U.S. President Donald Trump\'s executive order banning Muslims from certain countries. The rally was one of several in the area over the weekend. (Photo by Stephen Brashear/Getty Images) (credit:Stephen Brashear via Getty Images)
Protestors In Seattle Rally Against Trump's Muslim Immigration Ban(05 of38)
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SEATTLE, WA - JANUARY 29: A protestor holds a pair of signs before a demonstration on January 29, 2017 in Seattle, Washington, against U.S. President Donald Trump\'s executive order banning Muslims from certain countries. The rally was one of several in the area over the weekend. (Photo by Stephen Brashear/Getty Images) (credit:Stephen Brashear via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(06 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(07 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(08 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(09 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(10 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(11 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: A view of protest sign during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(12 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(13 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(14 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
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Several hundred people rally against a temporary travel ban signed by U.S. President Donald Trump in an executive order during a protest in Hamtramck, Michigan, U.S., January 29, 2017. REUTERS/Rebecca Cook (credit:Rebecca Cook / Reuters)
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Hundreds of people rally against a temporary travel ban signed by U.S. President Donald Trump in an executive order during a protest at Detroit Metropolitan airport in Romulus, Michigan, U.S., January 29, 2017. REUTERS/Rebecca Cook (credit:Rebecca Cook / Reuters)
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Several hundred people rally against a temporary travel ban signed by U.S. President Donald Trump in an executive order during a protest in Hamtramck, Michigan, U.S., January 29, 2017. REUTERS/Rebecca Cook (credit:Rebecca Cook / Reuters)
Protestors In Seattle Rally Against Trump's Muslim Immigration Ban(21 of38)
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SEATTLE, WA - JANUARY 29: Protestors gather before a demonstration on January 29, 2017 in Seattle, Washington, against U.S. President Donald Trump\'s executive order banning Muslims from certain countries. The rally was one of several in the area over the weekend. (Photo by Stephen Brashear/Getty Images) (credit:Stephen Brashear via Getty Images)
Protestors In Seattle Rally Against Trump's Muslim Immigration Ban(22 of38)
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SEATTLE, WA - JANUARY 29: A crowd of protestors takes part in a rally, on January 29, 2017 in Seattle, Washington, against U.S. President Donald Trump\'s executive order banning Muslims from certain countries. The rally was one of several in the area over the weekend. (Photo by Stephen Brashear/Getty Images) (credit:Stephen Brashear via Getty Images)
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People attend a rally for immigrants and refugees in Seattle, Washington on January 29, 2017.\nUS President Trump signed the controversial executive order that halted refugees and residents from predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States. / AFP / Jason Redmond (Photo credit should read JASON REDMOND/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JASON REDMOND via Getty Images)
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People attend a rally for immigrants and refugees in Seattle, Washington on January 29, 2017.\nUS President Trump signed the controversial executive order that halted refugees and residents from predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States. / AFP / Jason Redmond (Photo credit should read JASON REDMOND/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JASON REDMOND via Getty Images)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
Protestors Rally Against Muslim Immigration Ban At LAX(26 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
Protestors Rally Against Muslim Immigration Ban At LAX(30 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
Protestors Rally Against Muslim Immigration Ban At LAX(31 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
Protestors Rally Against Muslim Immigration Ban At LAX(32 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
Protestors Rally Against Muslim Immigration Ban At LAX(33 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
Protestors Rally Against Muslim Immigration Ban At LAX(34 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
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Demonstrators protest President Donald Trump\'s executive immigration ban at O\'Hare International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Chicago, Illinois.\nUS President Trump signed the controversial executive order that halted refugees and residents from predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States. / AFP / Joshua LOTT (Photo credit should read JOSHUA LOTT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JOSHUA LOTT via Getty Images)
Immigration Protest(36 of38)
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Demonstrators protest President Donald Trump\'s executive immigration ban at O\'Hare International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Chicago, Illinois.\nUS President Trump signed the controversial executive order that halted refugees and residents from predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States. / AFP / Joshua LOTT (Photo credit should read JOSHUA LOTT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JOSHUA LOTT via Getty Images)
Immigration Protest(37 of38)
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A woman yells as she protest President Donald Trump\'s executive immigration ban at O\'Hare International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Chicago, Illinois.\nUS President Trump signed the controversial executive order that halted refugees and residents from predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States. / AFP / Joshua LOTT (Photo credit should read JOSHUA LOTT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JOSHUA LOTT via Getty Images)
Immigration Protest(38 of38)
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A woman holds a sign as she protest President Donald Trump\'s executive immigration ban at O\'Hare International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Chicago, Illinois.\nUS President Trump signed the controversial executive order that halted refugees and residents from predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States. / AFP / Joshua LOTT (Photo credit should read JOSHUA LOTT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JOSHUA LOTT via Getty Images)

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