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中国共産党の重要会議「第18期中央委員会第6回全体会議（6中全会）」が4日間の日程を終えて、10月27日に閉幕した。会議で採択されたコミュニケでは、習近平国家主席を「党中央の核心」と位置付けた。コミュニケは人民日報系のニュースサイト「人民網」などで発表された。
中国共産党「6中全会」、中央が習近平国家主席 2016年10月27日
コミュニケでは、習氏が「率先して党の管理強化を全面的に推し進め、党内政治を浄化し、民心を獲得した」として、厳しい汚職摘発が「民心を勝ち取った」と評価。習氏の指導力をアピールするものとなった。
これまで中国共産党において、最高指導者を「核心」と呼ぶ表現は毛沢東、鄧小平、江沢民の3氏にしか用いられていない。前国家主席の胡錦濤氏の時代は集団指導体制を重んじていたこともあり、「核心」という表現は使われなかった。
歴代の最高指導者。左から毛沢東、鄧小平、江沢民、胡錦濤の4氏
党中央機関の決定を経て「核心」となったことで、習氏への権力集中がさらに進んだことになる。2017年秋には指導部メンバーの大幅な交代が予想される党大会を控えており、人事でも強い主導権を握ることになるとみられる。
■「個人崇拝」批判に配慮？ 集団指導体制を強調
習近平氏への権力集中は、毛沢東の個人崇拝が推められた文化大革命の頃の空気に似ていると懸念する声も出ている。
こうした声に配慮してか、コミュニケでは集団指導体制を堅持する方針を強調。集団指導体制は、「常に守られるべきで、いかなる状況、または理由においても、どのような組織や個人によっても破られるべきではない」としている。
ただ、中国国内では習氏の個人崇拝を思わせる場面が見られるのも確かだ。
2016年は「文化大革命」から50年となる節目の年だが、5月にはアイドルが北京の人民大会堂で、文化大革命の頃の歌を披露。習近平国家主席を礼賛し話題となった。
文化大革命で「毛沢東語録」を掲げ、デモ行進する「紅衛兵」たち（1966年06月01日）
ロイターによると、コミュニケでは「党内政治生活に関する規則」についても変更を発表したが、詳細には言及していない。この規則は個人崇拝を禁止するもので、毛沢東の指揮下で混乱に陥った文化大革命への反省から1980年に制定された。
▼文化大革命・画像集▼
文化大革命
China Cultural Revolution Photo Gallery(01 of28)
FILE - In this file photo taken Aug. 10, 1966, a young woman identified only as Ms. Zhou calls out to embolden her fellow Red Guards in Beijing\'s Tiananmen Square at the start of the 1966-76 Cultural Revolution. On May 16, 1966, the Communist Party\'s Politburo produced a document announcing the start of what was formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution to pursue class warfare and enlist the population in mass political movements. Launched by leader Mao Zedong, it set off a decade of tumult to revive communist goals and enforce a radical egalitarianism. (AP Photo, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
China Cultural Revolution Photo Gallery(02 of28)
FILE - In this Jan. 23, 1967 photo, young Chinese gathered outside a factory wave copies of the collected writings of Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong, often referred to as Mao\'s Little Red Book. Monday, May 16, 2016 marks the 50th anniversary of a 1966 party meeting that spearheaded the 10-year Cultural Revolution, a violent and frequently chaotic attempt by Mao to reassert his power and revive his party\'s egalitarian ideals. (AP Photo, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(03 of28)
紅衛兵を観閲する毛沢東（中央）と林彪（右）（中国・北京） \n\n撮影日：1966年08月31日 (credit:AFP時事)
(04 of28)
The propaganda team formed by the Red Guards of the Beijing Mechanical Engineering Institute recite in unisson the quotations from President Mao Zedong\'s thought on Tienanmen Square in Beijing 02 November 1966. Since the Cultural Revolution was launched in May 1966 at Beijing University, Mao\'s aim was to recapture power after the failure of the \"Great Leap Forward\". The movement was directed against those \"party leaders in authority taking the capitalist road\".\n\nThe banner reads \"Mao Zedong idealist propaga \n\n撮影日：1966年11月02日 (credit:AFP時事)
(05 of28)
（資料写真＝１９６６年６月１日撮影）文化大革命が始まり、中国・北京の街路を手に手に「毛沢東語録」を掲げ、絵を描いた大きなプラカードを持ってデモ行進する中国の大学生、高校生の「紅衛兵」たち（中国・北京） 撮影日：1966年06月01日 (credit:AFP時事)
China Cultural Revolution Photo Gallery(06 of28)
FILE - In this file photo taken Aug. 29, 1966, drummers raise their cymbals and sticks as others hold up small booklets containing the writings of then Chairman Mao Zedong during a demonstration by Red Guard youth groups in front of the Soviet Embassy in Beijing. On May 16, 1966, the Communist Party\'s Politburo produced a document announcing the start of what was formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution to pursue class warfare and enlist the population in mass political movements. Launched by leader Mao Zedong, it set off a decade of tumult to revive communist goals and enforce a radical egalitarianism. (AP Photo, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
China Cultural Revolution Photo Gallery(07 of28)
FILE - In this file photo taken Jan. 8, 1967, two men with placards around their necks are declared anti-revolutionary elements and paraded through the streets of Beijing by members of the Red Guard during the early days of the Cultural Revolution launched by Mao Zedong. Monday, May 16, 2016 marks the 50th anniversary of a May 16, 1966 party meeting that spearheaded the 10-year Cultural Revolution, a violent and frequently chaotic attempt by Mao to reassert his power and revive his party\'s egalitarian ideals. (AP Photo, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Cultural Revolution(08 of28)
Youths are seen at a rally in Peking, Sept. 14, 1966, during the height of the Red Guard upheaval. They wave copies of \"The Thoughts of Mao Zedong,\" and carry a poster of Karl Marx. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Cultural Revolution(09 of28)
Mao Tse-Tung, chinese communist party chairman standing in lead car, reviews the youthful Red Guards in Peking, Oct. 19, 1966. The New China News Agency said the cheering guards lined in a 17-mile route to salute Mao and his No. 2 man, defense minister Lin Piao. (AP Photo/HO) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(10 of28)
Chinese Red Guards recite in unisson the quotations from President Mao Zedong \"Little Red Book\" in front of the Cenotaph to the People\'s Heroes on Tienanmen Square in Beijing 02 November 1966. Since the Cultural Revolution was launched in May 1966 at Beijing University, Mao\'s aim was to recapture power after the failure of the \"Great Leap Forward\". The movement was directed against those \"party leaders in authority taking the capitalist road\". 撮影日：1966年11月02日 (credit:AFP時事)
China Cultural Revolution Timeline(11 of28)
FILE - In this August 1966, file photo, Chinese leader Chairman Mao Zedong, center, waves as he meets with teachers and students from Beijing and other parts of China, in Beijing. A time of massive upheaval, violence and chaos, China\'s 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution, was launched 50 years ago by Communist Party leader Mao, who began it by purging officials considered insufficiently loyal. Over its course longstanding party officials, intellectuals and teachers came under violent attack, while traditional Chinese thought and culture were condemned along with foreign influences. (Photo via AP, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
China Cultural Revolution photo Gallery(12 of28)
FILE - In this file photo taken Aug. 1966, religious sculptures lean against the wall of a suburban Beijing Buddhist temple after being ripped from their pedestals by youthful Red Guards infused by Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong\'s calls to root out vestiges of old Chinese culture. Monday, May 16, 2016 marks the 50th anniversary of a 1966 party meeting that spearheaded the 10-year Cultural Revolution, a violent and frequently chaotic attempt by Mao to reassert his power and revive his party\'s egalitarian ideals. (AP Photo, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
China Cultural Revolution Photo Gallery(13 of28)
FILE - In this file photo from 1966, former Chinese leader Mao Zedong observes Cultural Revolution inspired Red Guards assembled in Beijing\'s Tiananmen Square. On May 16, 1966, the Communist Party\'s Politburo produced a document announcing the start of what was formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution to pursue class warfare and enlist the population in mass political movements. Launched by leader Mao Zedong, it set off a decade of tumult to revive communist goals and enforce a radical egalitarianism. (AP Photo, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
China Political Purges(14 of28)
FILE - This 1972 file photo shows Jiang Qing, Mao Zedong\'s wife, in China. Leader of the radical Gang of Four that guided the Cultural Revolution, Jiang was arrested after attempting to seize power in the inner-party struggle that followed Maoâs death in 1976. Jiang was accused of persecuting political enemies and causing the suffering of millions, but claimed at her 1980 trial that she had only been doing Maoâs bidding. Sentenced to life in prison, she committed suicide while on medical release in 1991. (AP Photo/File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
毛沢東(15 of28)
▽Mao Zedong（中国）中国共産党主席（天安門広場で開かれた「文化大革命勝利祝賀の１００万人集会」） 撮影日：1966年08月18日 (credit:AFP時事)
BIO-MAO ZEDONG-CULTURAL REVOLUTION-ZHU ENLAI-LIN PIAO-JIANG QING (16 of28)
From left: Chinese top communist leaders Zhu Enlai (1898-1975), Prime Minister of the People\'s Republic of China from its inception in 1949 until his death, Lin Piao (1907-71), minister of defense and supporter of the Cultural revolution, Mao Zedong (1893-1976), leading theorist of the Chinese communist revolution, chairman of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and President of the Republic, and Mao\'s third wife Jiang Qing, applaud in April 1967 during a meeting in Beijing. Mao launched in 1966 the \"Great Prolet (credit:AFP時事)
(17 of28)
「中国の文化大革命に関して学問芸術に自律性を」と会見で声明文を読み上げる作家の（右から）川端康成、石川淳、安部公房、三島由紀夫の各氏（東京・千代田区の帝国ホテル） (credit:時事通信社)
China Cultural Revolution Photo Gallery(18 of28)
FILE - In this file photo taken Aug. 27, 1966, youthful members of the radical Red Guard movement stand at the entrance of a Buddhist temple near Beijing adorned with a portrait of their hero, Communist Party leader Mao Zedong. During the start of the violent Cultural Revolution, religious institutions and aspects of traditional Chinese culture were relentlessly attacked. Monday, May 16, 2016 marks the 50th anniversary of a May 16, 1966 party meeting that spearheaded the 10-year Cultural Revolution, a violent and frequently chaotic attempt by Mao to reassert his power and revive his party\'s egalitarian ideals. (AP Photo, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(19 of28)
資料写真＝１９７６年９月１３日撮影）１９７６年９月９日死亡した故毛沢東主席の遺がいを前に、通夜を行う中国指導者たち７氏。江青夫人、華国鋒、張春橋、李先念ら各氏が並ぶ（中国・北京） (credit:AFP時事)
(20 of28)
北京の最高裁判所で尋問される江青氏。中国の文化大革命を主導した「４人組」の一員で、毛沢東氏の夫人（中国・北京） \n\n撮影日：1980年11月27日 (credit:AFP時事)
Gang of Four Trial(21 of28)
Jiang Qing, defiant widow of Chairman Mao Tse-tung, appears before session of the special tribunal of the Supreme People\'s Court in Peking on Friday, Dec. 5, 1980. The 67-year-old defendant, publicly described as an \"evil star,\" tried to shift the blame in the persecution of China\'s President Liu Shaoqi, the most famous persecution of the 1966-1976 Great Cultural Revolution. Jiang Qins is charged with ordering the arrest and interrogation of 11 persons to help build a case against Liu Shaoqi, who died in prison in 1969. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(22 of28)
北京の最高裁判所で尋問される張春橋氏。中国の文化大革命を主導した「４人組」の一員（中国・北京） 撮影日：1980年11月27日 (credit:AFP時事)
APTOPIX China Obama(23 of28)
Articles featuring the image of late Chinese revolutionary leader Mao Zedong and U.S. President Barack Obama dressed in communist Cultural Revolution era military uniform are sold at a shop in Beijing, China, Monday, Oct. 19, 2009. Obama is due to visit China next month. (AP Photo/Elizabeth Dalziel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
China The Leader Vanishes(24 of28)
FILE - In this Jan. 27, 2010 file photo, Lin Biao, the second-in-charge after Chairman Mao Zedong, is shown in the right half of the unissued 1967 commemorative stamp for 40th anniversary of establishment of Jing Gangshan Revolutionary Base displayed during a stamp auction review in Hong Kong. The missing left side of the stamp showed Mao. Once designated as Mao\'s âclosest comrade in armsâ and hand-picked to be his successor, Lin dropped from view in September 1971 amid the radical turmoil known as the Cultural Revolution. Turns out he had died. The government started telling ordinary Chinese about his death only two months later; some accounts say it was 10 months later. (AP Photo/Vincent Yu, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
China Cultural Revolution Apologies(25 of28)
In this Friday, May 13, 2016 photo, Wang Keming holds a photo of himself as a youth at his home in Beijing. As a teenager, Wang felt nothing but contempt for the older peasant his village singled out for collective persecution in 1970. Stirred by Mao Zedong\'s radical ideology and inured to the rampant violence of China\'s Cultural Revolution, he beat the man bloody and saw nothing wrong with it. Decades later, Wang felt something that few of the millions of people who committed abuses have publicly acknowledged: guilt. He expressed remorse to his victim and later he shared his apology in a national journal. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
China Cultural Revolution Apologies(26 of28)
In this Friday, May 13, 2016 photo, Wang Keming holds a book with a photo of himself as a youth, at left, at his home in Beijing. As a teenager, Wang felt nothing but contempt for the older peasant his village singled out for collective persecution in 1970. Stirred by Mao Zedong\'s radical ideology and inured to the rampant violence of China\'s Cultural Revolution, he beat the man bloody and saw nothing wrong with it. Decades later, Wang felt something that few of the millions of people who committed abuses have publicly acknowledged: guilt. He expressed remorse to his victim and later he shared his apology in a national journal, in what is believed to have been the first public apology by anyone for personal acts committed during the Cultural Revolution\'s violent decade. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
China Preserving Memory(27 of28)
In this Jan. 21, 2015 photo, Tsering Woeser, a Tibetan poet, shows an old photo of Buddhist priests parade with a photo of late Chinese leader Mao Zedong in the far western region of Tibet, which was taken by her father during the Cultural Revolution, at her home on the outskirt of Beijing. Woeser said she had wondered as a girl why her father had taken photos of the destruction in the region, especially since he had been sent there as a Chinese soldier in the 1960s to help tighten the governmentâs hold. Later, she said, she herself returned to track down the people captured in those photos. \"A lot of people have already died,â she said. âSo I think this is a very urgent thing. Because memory is important to people, and if the person is there, the memory is there. If the person isnât there, then the memory has disappeared.â (AP Photo/Andy Wong) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
China Cultural Revolution Apologies(28 of28)
In this Friday, May 13, 2016 photo, Wang Keming points to a photo of Gu Zhiyou, whom Wang persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, at his home in Beijing. As a teenager, Wang felt nothing but contempt for the older peasant his village singled out for collective persecution in 1970. Stirred by Mao Zedong\'s radical ideology and inured to the rampant violence of China\'s Cultural Revolution, he beat the man bloody and saw nothing wrong with it. Decades later, Wang felt something that few of the millions of people who committed abuses have publicly acknowledged: guilt. He expressed remorse to his victim and later he shared his apology in a national journal, in what is believed to have been the first public apology by anyone for personal acts committed during the Cultural Revolution\'s violent decade. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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