イエメン「最悪レベルの人道危機」国連が宣言 人口の8割が人道支援必要に

国連は7月1日、紛争が続くイエメンが「最悪レベルの人道危機」に直面しており、人口の8割にあたる2100万人が人道支援を必要としていると宣言した。
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A man searches for survivors under the rubble of a house destroyed by Saudi airstrikes in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population need assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world's most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed)
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サウジアラビアの空爆で倒壊した建物の中で生存者を捜索する男性(AP Photo/Hani Mohammed)

国連は7月1日、紛争が続くイエメンは「最悪レベルの人道危機」に直面しており、人口の8割にあたる2100万人が人道支援を必要としていると宣言した。アルジャジーラなどが報じた。

国連高官は声明の中で、イエメンの人道危機は最も深刻な「レベル3」の緊急事態で、大規模な飢饉の一歩手前まで来ていると述べた。「レベル3」の人道危機はイラク、シリア、南スーダンと同じレベルとなる。

BBCによると、アラビア半島南西部に位置するイエメンは第一次大戦後、オスマン・トルコ帝国から独立した北イエメンとイギリスの植民地だった南イエメンが1990年に統一され、イエメン共和国が成立した。しかし、94年に再び南イエメン側が分離独立を目指す内戦を起こすなど不安定な状況が続き、国際テロ組織アルカイダの拠点にもなった。

2011年には中東の民主化運動「アラブの春」の影響で反政府デモが発生し、30年以上支配したサレハ大統領政権が崩壊しハディ副大統領の暫定政権に移行したが、この混乱に乗じてイスラム教シーア派の一派ザイド派の武装組織フーシがイエメン北部のサアダを占領し、勢力を拡大した。

フーシは2014年9月、首都サヌアに侵攻し、15年1月にはハディ大統領が辞任して政権が崩壊し、クーデターに成功した。3月には隣国サウジアラビア主導の連合国が空爆を開始した。サウジアラビアなどスンニ派各国はフーシの背後にはシーア派の大国イランの支援があると見ており、事態はサウジアラビアとイランの代理戦争の様相を呈しつつある。

6月30日にはイエメン中部のタイズの刑務所が襲撃され、アルカイダのメンバーなど1200人が脱獄し、イエメンの当局者は「危険な受刑者が1200人以上逃亡した」と述べた。また、ユネスコ(国連教育科学文化機関)は7月2日、ドイツで開かれている世界遺産委員会で、世界遺産に登録されているサヌアが武力衝突で深刻な被害を受けている「危機遺産」にすると決定するなど、イエメンの危機的な状況が打開する見通しは立っていない。

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サウジアラビア主導の連合軍による空爆の攻撃を受ける首都サヌア\n (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed)
FAYEZ NURELDINE via Getty Images
サウジアラビアの首都リヤドで行われたイスマリ・オウルド・チェイク・アフメド国連特使とイエメンのリアド・ヤシン外相との会談\nで、「アデン(イエメン南部の都市)の人々を殺さないで」というプラカードを掲げるイエメン人女性\n (Photo credit should read FAYEZ NURELDINE/AFP/Getty Images)
SALEH AL-OBEIDI via Getty Images
南イエメンの武装勢力フーシの兵士と消防士が、空爆で破壊されたアデンの製油所の消火活動にあたる\n (Photo credit should read SALEH AL-OBEIDI/AFP/Getty Images)
MOHAMMED HUWAIS via Getty Images
首都サヌアで6月18日、シーア派のモスクを狙った自爆テロで少なくとも31人が死亡した事件の現場近くを歩くイエメン人の子供たち\n (Photo credit should read MOHAMMED HUWAIS/AFP/Getty Images)
イエメン 最悪レベルの人道危機
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Men uncover the body of a girl under the rubble of a house destroyed by a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population needs assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
APTOPIX Mideast Yemen(02 of24)
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Men uncover the body of a girl under the rubble of a house destroyed by a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population needs assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Men search for survivors under the rubble of a house destroyed by a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population needs assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Neighbors, seen at left, sit on the rubble of a house destroyed by a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population needs assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Smoke rises after a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population needs assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A house destroyed by a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday, July 1 declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population need assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Yemeni children receive free food donated by Yemeni volunteers during the holy month of Ramadan, in Sanaa, Yemen, Friday, June 26, 2015. Muslims throughout the world are marking the month of Ramadan, the holiest month in the Islamic calendar during which devotees fast from dawn till dusk.(AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People stand amid wreckage of a car at the site of a car bomb attack in Sanaa, Yemen, Tuesday, June 30, 2015. The explosion occurred near a military hospital in the Yemeni capital on Monday, causing dozens of casualties including civilians, security officials said. The Islamic State\'s Sanaa Division claimed responsibility on Twitter for detonating the parked car bomb, according to the SITE Intelligence Group monitoring service. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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