JUSTIN LANE via Getty Images
2001年9月11日のテロから13年が経ち、初動対応した人々やレスキュー活動に携わった人々の中に、今もなお適切なケアや補償を望む人々がいる。高い確率でがんや他の疾病にかかり、議員たちが補償を行う法律を整備に立て続けに失敗している今、彼らの負担は時と共に積み重なる。同時に、新たな研究によって、彼らが立ち向かった911の現場がどれほど過酷で有毒だったか、その詳細をより明らかになってきている。
アメリカ国民が前進しつつ911を振り返るとき、あの日、自らの命を賭して闘った人たちの尊い犠牲を思い出したい。
414
2001年9月11日の現場で初動対応し、亡くなった人々の数。ペンタゴン（国防総省）への攻撃や、ペンシルバニア州シャンクスヴィルの墜落機に対応した政府の役人は全員生存している。
60000-70000
崩落したワールドトレードセンタービルから飛散した猛毒の粉塵にさらされた人々の数。粉塵はアスベスト、ガラスの破片、セメント、その他の有毒物質を含んでいた。
2000
初動対応で傷害を負った人の数。
消防隊員たちは、ニューヨークのワールドトレードセンターの廃墟と煙の中へ入っていった。初動対応者たちや攻撃後の数カ月に現場で働いた多くの人々が呼吸器疾患を患っている。
100-250
崩落したタワーから出た粉塵の粒子1つに含まれる物質の数。
91000
攻撃で燃焼したジェット旅客燃料のリッター数。粉塵の煙に変化した。
10-11
破壊されたコンクリートのpHレベル。ワールドトレードセンターの粉塵の3分の2を占めると計算されている。アンモニアのpHレベルが11であることと比較できる。2006年にアメリカ合衆国環境保護庁の科学者ケイト・ジェンキンスは、攻撃によって発生した粉塵は「ドレイノ（パイプ詰まり用洗剤の名前）と同じほど腐食性が高く、強アルカリ性です」と述べた。
2011年9月11日に初動対応した消防隊員たち。
2518
消防隊員や救命士を含むレスキュー隊員で、がんを患う人の数。
15%
初動対応者たちががんにかかる率が、一般に比べてどれほど高いかを示す。ワールドトレードセンターのレスキューおよび復興職員たち約21,000人を対象とした、連邦政府支援の研究による。
239%
初動対応者たちが甲状腺がんにかかる率が、一般に比べてどれほど高いかを示す。
21%
初動対応者たちが前立腺がんにかかる率が、一般に比べてどれほど高いかを示す。前立腺がんは昨年まで、初動対応者たちを検査し治療するジェームズ・ザドロガ9・11健康補償法の対象外だった。
1400
2001年9月11日以降、グラウンド・ゼロで働いたために引き起こされた合併症で亡くなったと推測される初動対応者の数。
2006年、ニューヨーク消防局の消防隊員ジョン・マクナマラが、メモリアルスローンケタリングがんセンターの外に立つ。9月11日にかかったがんの化学療法をここで受けている。（撮影：ロバート・サボ/ゲッティーイメジスによるニューヨークデイリーニュース・アーカイブ）
12
健康被害を受けた初動対応者が健康補償を受給し始めるまでに要する年数。
55188
あるプログラム報告による、2014年9月8日時点で手続済みの9・11被害者補償基金登録数。連邦政府関係者によると、ペンタゴン、およびシャンクスヴィルの現場から少なくとも91人が2013年に同基金に申請している。希望者は補償を受けるため同基金への登録を求められ、申請は厳格に審査される。
1843
2014年9月8日時点で支払い済みの、補償申請数。平均支払額は26万7915.72ドルである。
2
議員たちが延長を決めなければ、ジェームズ・ザドロガ9・11健康補償法が失効するまでの年数。同法は対応者たちと生存者たちに健康補償を支給する。
クリスチャン・ゴンダが、消防隊員ジョージ・ケインの写真をサウスプールに彫り込まれた彼の名の上に置く。2012年9月11日、ニューヨークのワールドトレードセンターで行われた記念式典にて。
300
捜索および救助活動を支援したサービス犬の概数。彼らは後に、宝石類などの犠牲者たちの所有物を遺族に返還するための捜索をも助けた。研究によれば、彼らを連れて行った人間とは異なり、これらの犬たちには、その救助活動によって健康被害を受けたとの明確な証拠がない。
モキシーとその主人マーク・アルバーティは、2001年9月11日火曜日の夕方ワールドトレードセンターに到着し、現場を8日間捜索した。
2014年9月11日、ニューヨーク。
Nation Prepares To Mark 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(01 of36)
JERSEY CITY, NJ - SEPTEMBER 10: The World Trade Center Tribute in Lights is seen from Liberty State Park on September 10, 2014 in Jersey City New Jersey. Tomorrow marks the 13th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks that claimed the lives of 2,996 people in New York City, Washington, DC and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Kena Betancur/Getty Images) (credit:Kena Betancur via Getty Images)
Nation Prepares To Mark 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(02 of36)
JERSEY CITY, NJ - SEPTEMBER 10: The World Trade Center Tribute in Lights is seen from Liberty State Park on September 10, 2014 in Jersey City New Jersey. Tomorrow marks the 13th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks that claimed the lives of 2,996 people in New York City, Washington, DC and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Kena Betancur/Getty Images) (credit:Kena Betancur via Getty Images)
Nation Prepares To Mark 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(03 of36)
JERSEY CITY, NJ - SEPTEMBER 10: The World Trade Center Tribute in Lights is seen from Liberty State Park on September 10, 2014 in Jersey City New Jersey. Tomorrow marks the 13th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks that claimed the lives of 2,996 people in New York City, Washington, DC and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Kena Betancur/Getty Images) (credit:Kena Betancur via Getty Images)
Nation Prepares To Mark 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(04 of36)
JERSEY CITY, NJ - SEPTEMBER 10: The World Trade Center Tribute in Lights is seen from Liberty State Park on September 10, 2014 in Jersey City New Jersey. Tomorrow marks the 13th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks that claimed the lives of 2,996 people in New York City, Washington, DC and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Kena Betancur/Getty Images) (credit:Kena Betancur via Getty Images)
Nation Prepares To Mark 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(05 of36)
JERSEY CITY, NJ - SEPTEMBER 10: The World Trade Center Tribute in Lights is seen from Liberty State Park on September 10, 2014 in Jersey City New Jersey. Tomorrow marks the 13th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks that claimed the lives of 2,996 people in New York City, Washington, DC and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Kena Betancur/Getty Images) (credit:Kena Betancur via Getty Images)
Nation Prepares To Mark 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(06 of36)
JERSEY CITY, NJ - SEPTEMBER 10: The World Trade Center Tribute in Lights is seen from Liberty State Park on September 10, 2014 in Jersey City New Jersey. Tomorrow marks the 13th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks that claimed the lives of 2,996 people in New York City, Washington, DC and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Kena Betancur/Getty Images) (credit:Kena Betancur via Getty Images)
Nation Prepares To Mark 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(07 of36)
JERSEY CITY, NJ - SEPTEMBER 10: People walk by the 9/11 memorial in Liberty State Park on September 10, 2014 in Jersey City New Jersey. Tomorrow marks the 13th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks that claimed the lives of 2,996 people in New York City, Washington, DC and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Kena Betancur/Getty Images) (credit:Kena Betancur via Getty Images)
Nation Prepares To Mark 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(08 of36)
JERSEY CITY, NJ - SEPTEMBER 10: The World Trade Center Tribute in Lights and the Statue of Liberty are seen from Liberty State Park on September 10, 2014 in Jersey City New Jersey. Tomorrow marks the 13th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks that claimed the lives of 2,996 people in New York City, Washington, DC and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Kena Betancur/Getty Images) (credit:Kena Betancur via Getty Images)
Nation Prepares To Mark 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(09 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 10: The World Trade Center Tribute in Lights are seen from Brooklyn on September 10, 2014 in New York City. Tomorrow marks the 13th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks that claimed the lives of 2,996 people in New York City, Washington, DC and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Michael Heiman/Getty Images) (credit:Michael Heiman via Getty Images)
Nation Prepares To Mark 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(10 of36)
JERSEY CITY, NJ - SEPTEMBER 10: Lower Manhattan is seen from Liberty State Park on September 10, 2014 in Jersey City New Jersey. Tomorrow marks the 13th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks that claimed the lives of 2,996 people in New York City, Washington, DC and a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Kena Betancur/Getty Images) (credit:Kena Betancur via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(11 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Sam Pulia, mayor of Westerchester, IL, and a former police officer of the same town, salutes the name of his cousin, New York firefighter Thomas Anthony Casoria, who was killed in the South Tower, prior to the the memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center in in New York on September 11, 2014. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Andrew Burton /Getty Images) (credit:Andrew Burton via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(12 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: NY-Port Authority Police Officer Donna Przybyszewski takes a moment to herself before family members are let in for the memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Chang W. Lee - Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(13 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Flowers are placed over names of vicitims of September 11, 2001 at the South Tower Memorial Pool before memorial observances are held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Chang W. Lee - Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(14 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Kevin Brosnan, a retired NYPD detective takes a moment to himself before family members are let in for the memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Chang W. Lee - Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(15 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Janice Lynch, of Queens, New York, pauses at the inscription of her friend Patricia Massani\'s name at the North Pool for the memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Justin Lane - Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(16 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: White roses are placed in an inscribed name along the edge of the North Pool during memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Justin Lane- Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(17 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Family members Maggie, Zach and Mitch Ellicott (kneeling), of New Jersey , take photos of the new One World Trade Center from the North Pool during memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Robert Sabo- Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(18 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Anthony DeBlase (brother), (L) and Anita (mother), (R) hold the paper as Alexandra DeBlase (niece) makes a rubbing of their lost loved one James V DeBlase during memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Robert Sabo- Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(19 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Members of the New York Police Department, Fire Department of New York and Port Authority Police Department carry an American flag past one of the reflecting pools at the beginning of the memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Andrew Burton/Getty Images) (credit:Andrew Burton via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(20 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Members of the New York Police Department, Fire Department of New York and Port Authority Police Department carry an American flag past one of the reflecting pools at the beginning of the memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Andrew Burton/Getty Images) (credit:Andrew Burton via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(21 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Women mourn as officials carry an American flag past them at the beginning of the memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Andrew Burton/Getty Images) (credit:Andrew Burton via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(22 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: The lower Manhattan skyline is seen from the borough of Brooklyn September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Eric Thayer/Getty Images) (credit:Eric Thayer via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(23 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: A single rose marks one of the names on the North Pool during memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Robert Sabo- Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(24 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Paola Braut, of Belgium, kisses a photograph of her son Patrice along the edge of the North Pool during memorial observances at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Justin Lane-Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(25 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: An American fly makes the name of a loved one at the North Pool Memorial site as One World Trade Center towers in the background during memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Robert Sabo- Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(26 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: A woman grieves at her husband\'s memorial at South Tower Reflecting Pool before the memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center before memorial observances are held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Chang W. Lee-Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(27 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: A woman and a child stand at the South Tower Reflecting Pool before the memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center before memorial observances are held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Chang W. Lee-Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(28 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: A woman grieves at her husband\'s memorial at South Tower Reflecting Pool before the memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center before memorial observances are held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Chang W. Lee-Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(29 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Former New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani stands at the edge of the North Pool Memorial site during observances at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Justin Lane-Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(30 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Lito Deleon holds a photo of friend Wayne Russo, who died in the September 11, 2001 attacks, during memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Mark Lennihan-Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(31 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Belinda Adams (L), her niece, Deeanne Cush (C) and her mother, Belinda Adams hold pictures of Patrick Adams, who died in the September 11, 2001 attacks, during memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Mark Lennihan-Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(32 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: (L-R) Former New York Governor George Pataki, former New York City Mayor Rudy Guiliani, former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Mary Pat Christie and husband New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo and his partner Sandra Lee stand in silence while bells are sounded signifying the planes that crashed into the twin towers during memorial observances at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Chris Pedota-Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(33 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Former New York Gov. George Pataki visits the North Pool during memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Robert Sabo-Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(34 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Family members of Bobby Hughes mount near the North Pool during memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Robert Sabo-Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Pool via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(35 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: The lower Manhattan skyline is seen from a ferry September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Eric Thayer/Getty Images) (credit:Eric Thayer via Getty Images)
New York Commemorates 13th Anniversary Of September 11th Attacks(36 of36)
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 11: Eileen Esquilin hugs her husband, Joe Irizarry, while mourning the loss of her brother, Ruben Esquilin Jr, during the memorial observances held at the site of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2014 in New York City. This year marks the 13th anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and on Flight 93. (Photo by Andrew Burton/Getty Images) (credit:Andrew Burton via Getty Images)
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