「アメリカ医療システムがひどい」がよくわかるグラフ

下の図は、経済協力開発機構(OECD)のデータを元に、さまざまな国々の「国民1人当たりの医療費」を、各国の「平均余命」と比較したものだ。見てわかるとおり、医療費と平均余命には非常に密接な関係がある、とてつもなく劣悪な1つの国を除いては。その国がどれかわかるだろうか。

下の図は、経済協力開発機構(OECD)のデータを元に、さまざまな国々の「国民1人当たりの医療費」を、各国の「平均余命」と比較したものだ。見てわかるとおり、医療費と平均余命には非常に密接な関係がある、とてつもなく劣悪な1つの国を除いては。その国がどれかわかるだろうか。

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そう、主要な国々で見ると、アメリカは他のどの国よりも医療に莫大なお金を費やしている。にもかかわらず、平均余命は他のどの先進国よりも低い。

欧州のほぼすべての国で、人々はアメリカより長生きしている。数年にわたる緊縮財政によって経済的に苦しめられているギリシャでさえ、アメリカより上だ。

「私が最も問題だと思うことは、われわれの医療費が非常に高いことでもなければ、(平均余命が)本来あるべき状態より低いことですらない」と、インディアナ大学医学部教授アーロン・キャロル氏は、このグラフを掲載したブログの中で述べている。「私が最も問題だと思うことは、この状況がわれわれだけという点だ。われわれは、他のどの国よりもはるかに莫大なお金を費やしているのだ」

ブルームバーグが発表した「医療費の効率性ランキング」によれば、アメリカは48の先進国中、46位だ。これは、中国、イラン、コロンビアより下であり、わかりきったことだが、他のほとんどの国よりはるかに低い順位だ(平均余命や1人あたり医療費、GDPに占める医療費の割合から計算した結果で、1位は香港、2位はシンガポール、3位は日本)。

アメリカの医療システムは、なぜこれほどひどいのだろうか。その大きな理由は、アメリカのシステムが利潤を得るために作られていることだ。

他の多くの国と異なり、アメリカ政府は医療サービスの提供方法と価格設定に何の役割も果たしていないため、価格が跳ね上がっている。また、アメリカのシステムは非常に複雑だ。オバマ大統領が署名した改革法である医療費負担適正化法が最初からつまずいたのも、これが理由だ。

オバマ大統領が取り組んでいる医療保険制度の改革は、医療費問題の解決に多少は役立つはずだ。だが、既存の民営システム上で行われるため、著しい違いを生むことはおそらくないだろう。

「単一支払者制度」(病院等の施設が医療費を単一の機関に請求し、その機関が支払うような医療保険制度)と呼ばれる公的医療保険の導入も手助けにはなるだろうが、まだ非現実的な夢のように思われる。それでも、オバマケアが混乱しながらもスタートしたことは、夢の実現に一歩近づくことになるかもしれない。

[MARK GONGLOFF(English) 日本語版:佐藤卓/ガリレオ]

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1935(02 of17)
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1942(03 of17)
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1945(04 of17)
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President Harry Truman calls on Congress to create a national insurance program for those who pay voluntary fees. The American Medical Association denounces the idea as \"socialized medicine\" and it goes nowhere. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) (credit:Getty File)
1960(05 of17)
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John F. Kennedy makes health care a major campaign issue but as president can\'t get a plan for the elderly through Congress. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)\r\n\r\n (credit:Getty File)
1965 (06 of17)
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1974(07 of17)
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1976(08 of17)
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President Jimmy Carter pushes a mandatory national health plan, but economic recession helps push it aside. (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images)\r\n (credit:Getty File)
1986(09 of17)
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President Ronald Reagan signs COBRA, a requirement that employers let former workers stay on the company health plan for 18 months after leaving a job, with workers bearing the cost. (MIKE SARGENT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty File)
1988(10 of17)
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1993(11 of17)
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President Bill Clinton puts first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton in charge of developing what becomes a 1,300-page plan for universal coverage. It requires businesses to cover their workers and mandates that everyone have health insurance. The plan meets Republican opposition, divides Democrats and comes under a firestorm of lobbying from businesses and the health care industry. It dies in the Senate. (PAUL J. RICHARDS/AFP/Getty Images)\r\n (credit:Getty File)
1997(12 of17)
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2003(13 of17)
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2008(14 of17)
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