「ゲイ男性の献血禁止令」アルゼンチンが撤廃

「私たちは、血液を提供するという当然の権利からあからさまに除外されてきました」
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9月16日、アルゼンチンでゲイとバイセクシャルの男性からの献血禁止が廃止になった。国内のLGBT擁護団体が、10年以上にわたって平等な献血を目指すキャンペーンを展開してきた結果だ。

厚生大臣のダニエル・ゴヤン氏は、政策の変更は「科学的にも技術的にも正しい決定で」「『特定の集団を避ける』という古い概念に代る医学的なアプローチ」に基づくと述べている。

またゴヤン氏は「アルゼンチンは、安全でお互いを気遣い、全員参加可能な国の血液システム構築に向けて動き出した」とAFP通信に話している。

チリ、メキシコ、スペイン、イタリアも同じような献血禁止政策を廃止した。こういった、性的指向ではなく個人のリスクで献血するかどうかを決められる国は、まだ少数だが増え続けている。

LGBT権利団体はアルゼンチンの判断を歓迎している。AFP通信によると、活動家たちは禁止令を廃止するよう15年にわたって政府に求めていた。

「平等と差別撤廃への一歩を踏み出すことができ、とても嬉しいです。私たちは、血液を提供するという当然の権利からあからさまに除外されてきました」と、アルゼンチンゲイ・レズビアン・バイセクシュアル・トランスジェンダー連合のエステバン・パブロン会長は声明で述べている。

男性と性関係をもった男性の献血禁止は、アメリカを含む50以上の国で存在すると言われている。禁止令は、エイズが流行した初期の頃、エイズに対する恐怖と理解の欠如から広がった。しかし、HIVテストの技術が向上し正確になるにつれ、LGBTの活動家たちは禁止令は倫理的にも科学的にも正当でないと批判するようになった。

アメリカ、フランス、ドイツ、ベルギーなどは、政策を変える話し合いをすすめている。

アメリカ食品医薬品局(FDA)は2015年初め、部分的な献血禁止の廃止を提案した。改正されたFDAのガイドラインでは、ゲイとバイセクシュアルの男性は、セックスを1年以上控えた場合のみ、献血を許可される。

FDAの発表を賞賛する人たちもいる一方、多くの人は十分でないと考えている。

人権団体ヒューマン・ライツ・キャンペーンのデイビッド・ステイシー政務局長は、提案は「正しい方向への一歩」だと述べながらも「問題の解決策と呼ぶにはほど遠い提案です。まだゲイやバイセクシュアルの男性に汚名を着せ続けています」と、付け加えた。

アメリカ赤十字やアメリカ血液銀行協会、アメリカ医学協会といった団体も、献血禁止の廃止を求めている。また、2013年には86人の国会議員が、アメリカ合衆国保健福祉省に時代遅れの政策の見直しを書面でせまった。

「血液検査技術は大きく進歩している。政策を変え、男性と性行為をした男性でも献血できるようにした国もある。血液銀行も、現在の禁止令は『医学的にも科学的にも不当』だと反対している」と書面で訴えている。「たとえ深刻な血液不足に直面しても、現在の政策では健康な人からの献血をうけられません」

アルゼンチンの政策変更を知り、自分の国にも変化が起こるのではないかとTwitterで期待を寄せる人たちもいる。

コロラド州の民主党議員ジャレッドレッド・ポリスはFDAに、「あなたちが見ていることを願います」ツイートした。

「アルゼンチンは、ゲイの男性の献血禁止を廃止した。@US_FDA あなたたちが見ていること願います」


「私は、イングランドのために血を流したい。でもイングランド国民保険サービスは私の血液を受け入れません。アルゼンチンができてなぜ私たちはできないのでしょう?」


「もし、アルゼンチンが献血禁止を廃止できるなら、必ずカナダもできます」


イギリスとカナダは、ゲイとバイセクシュアルの男性の献血を制限している。イギリスでは男性と性関係を持った男性は、その後少なくとも1年は献血できない。カナダでは5年だ。

この記事はハフポストUS版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

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