潘基文・国連事務総長、中国の抗日式典に出席へ 日本の反応は?

国連の潘基文事務総長が、中国政府が9月3日に北京で開く「抗日戦争勝利70周年記念式典」に出席する。これについて日本政府は国連に懸念を伝えたが、事務総長側が計画を変える見通しは立っていない。
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UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (L) and Chinese President Xi Jinping (R) face the media during a ceremonial handshake before starting a meeting at the Purple Palace in Nanjing on August 16 2014. The two officials met before their expected attendance at the opening ceremonies of the Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games, scheduled for the evening of August 16. AFP PHOTO / POOL / ROLEX DELA PENA (Photo credit should read ROLEX DELA PENA/AFP/Getty Images)
ROLEX DELA PENA via Getty Images

国連の潘基文事務総長(71)が、中国政府が9月3日に北京で開く「抗日戦争勝利70周年記念式典」に出席することになった。これについて日本政府は「中立性に問題がある」と国連に懸念を伝えたが、事務総長側は当初の計画通り式典に出席するとのコメントを出すなどしており、日本側は納得がいない形だ。

国連の8月27日の発表によると、潘氏は記念式典の一環である天安門広場での軍事パレードに出席するほか、習近平国家主席や李克強首相らと会談して国連創設70周年や気候変動問題などについて話し合う。

国連はそもそも、第2次世界大戦の戦勝国の「連合」として発足している。中国は今回の式典で、戦勝国として米欧主要国との連帯をアピールする狙いだった。ただ、韓国の朴槿恵大統領やロシアのプーチン大統領は出席するが、日本や欧米主要国の首脳級は欠席する予定で、対応が分かれている。

日本政府は国連の発表を受けて28日、「中国の記念式典はいたずらに過去に焦点を当てるもので、国連として中立的な姿勢を示すべきだ」などと、国連側に強い懸念を伝えた。NHKニュースは次のように報じている。

これを受けてパン事務総長は28日、報道官を通じてコメントを出し、「過去の教訓に学び、よりよい未来に進むことが重要だ。中国での行事に出席するのは、ポーランドやウクライナ、ロシアで開かれた第2次世界大戦の終結から70年を記念する式典に出席したのと同じ理由からだ」として、行事に出席することが国連の中立性を侵すものではないという認識を示しました。

国連事務総長 中国の行事出席「中立性侵さず」 NHKニュース 2015/08/29 11:02)

日本の動きに対して、中国共産党の機関紙「人民日報」系の「環球時報」(電子版)は30日に掲載した社説で、「軍事パレードは日本に対するものではなく、安倍政権の度量の狭さを示した」などと批判した。

■韓国の次期大統領選への出馬の噂も

潘氏が式典に参加することについて、産経ニュースは「韓国の次期大統領選への出馬も噂される潘氏には、朴槿恵大統領とともに、『反日親中』の姿勢を韓国国民にアピールする必要があるのだろうか」と報じている。

コトバンクによると、潘氏は1944年、日本統治時代の朝鮮(現在の韓国)忠清北道出身。ソウル大学卒業後、韓国外務省(現・外交通商省)に入省。2004年1月から外交通商相(外相)を務めた。2006年10月に国連事務総長に正式に指名され、2007年1月に就任した。

事務総長は、常任理事国5カ国以外の非大国出身者から選ぶということが慣行として定着している。任期に定めはないが、最長でも2期10年で全員がその職を退いており、潘氏は2016年12月末に2期を満了する。一方、朴槿恵氏の大統領の任期は2018年2月までとなっている。

潘氏は、香港で2014年秋、民主的な行政長官選挙を求めて約2カ月半続いた大規模デモと当局の対応について、「内政問題」と述べるだけだった。産経ニュースは「国連外交筋は『拒否権という強大な権限を持つ常任理事国の中国に対する気の遣いようは異常なほど』と指摘している」と伝えている。

また2013年8月、ソウルで開いた記者会見で、安倍政権の歴史認識をめぐって日本政府に注文を付けた。また5月には、モスクワで開かれた対ドイツ戦勝70周年記念式典にも参加、隣国ウクライナはこれを批判した。

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菅義偉官房長官=2015年1月23日

■菅官房長官は「国連は中立であるべきだ」

菅義偉官房長官は31日の記者会見で、潘氏が記念式典に出席することについて次のように不快感を示した。

国連は中立であるべきだと思います。また、加盟国に対して、いたずらに特定の過去に焦点を当てるものではなくて、未来志向の姿勢を取るよう、促すべきだと思っております。いずれにしても、国連には190カ国以上加盟してますので、国連はあくまでも中立であるべきだと思っておりますし、70年の本年、いたずらに特定の過去に焦点は当てるべきではないと考えています。あくまで自由、人権、法の支配、こうしたことを含めた国際社会の融和と発展、未来志向の姿勢を強調するということこそ、国連に認められているんではないかなと思います。

大島理森衆院議長は31日、訪問先のニューヨークの国連本部で潘氏と会談し、潘氏が式典に出席することに、日本国民の間で懸念があると伝えた。

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