中国当局がテレビ局に圧力「胸の谷間を隠すように」 "文化大革命のようだ"と懸念の声

西洋的な価値観を称賛するようなコンテンツを控えるよう指示も。
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2015年に一時放送休止となったドラマ「武則天」

中国国内のメディアを規制・監督する「国家新聞出版広電総局(SAPPRFT)」は8月29日、中国の伝統や古典を冒涜するような内容のテレビ、ラジオ、インターネット番組などを放送禁止にする態勢を整えたと発表。西洋的な価値観を称賛するようなコンテンツを控えるよう求めた。国営新華社通信(英字版)が伝えた。

新華社通信によると、SAPPRFTは「スターや億万長者、セレブなどをアイドル化して登場させたり、プライベートや家族の争いをセンセーショナルに取り上げることは避けなければならない」と、テレビ局の報道内容に注文をつけた。

ウォールストリート・ジャーナルによると、中国のエンタメ業界では高視聴率や映画の興行的成功を狙うため、有名女優や若いアイドルの起用が求められており、演者の出演料が高騰しているという。製作費の半分以上を数人のスターの出演料が占めてしまう例もあり、「近年の国内作品の品質低下の一因となっているとCCTV(中国中央テレビ)は述べた」と報じている。

SAPPRFTは「一晩で名声を得ることや、富の誇示、快楽主義や利己主義を助長する」と批判する一方、「前向きなエネルギー」や「主要な話題」を含むニュースを伝えるように要請。共産主義・社会主義の理想や政府の方針に沿ったコンテンツ製作を改めて命じるかたちとなった。

■過去には当局が「胸の谷間を隠せ」と、ドラマの編集を指示

CNNによると、これまでも中国当局はテレビ番組などに度々締め付けを図ってきた。

2011年3月には、SFドラマが「軽々しく神話をでっち上げ、恐ろしく、奇妙な脚本で、馬鹿げた手段で封建主義や迷信、運命論、生まれ変わりを賛美している」との理由で、SFドラマが放送禁止になった。

2015年1月には、中国史上唯一の女帝・武則天(則天武后)の生涯を描いたテレビドラマが、「技術的な理由」で放送が一時休止された。このドラマは唐王朝(618-907年)の頃の華やかな衣装や、女優の肌の露出が多いことで人気を集め、高い視聴率を獲得していた。ところが検閲当局は制作側に、「女優の胸の谷間を隠すように」と編集を指示したという

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ドラマ「武則天」の制作発表会に登場した女優ファン・ビンビン

同性愛についても、当局は2016年に公表したガイドラインで「異常な性的行為」と分類。テレビ番組には不適切なテーマだとした。なお中国では、2001年まで同性愛は「精神疾患」と規定されていた。

共産党の中枢も、メディアに対して強権的な姿勢を強めようとしている。共同通信によると、日本の国会に相当する全国人民代表大会(全人代)は、海外の映画会社の活動を制限し、当局が国家の安全を損なうと判断すれば製作を認めないとする「映画産業促進法案」を審議しているという。

規制の背景には、中国の映画産業の急成長があるようだ。市場規模は2014年時点で650億元(9880億円)にまで成長。「西側の価値観」の流入に神経をとがらせているようだ。こうした共産党指導部の動きを警戒する声も出ている。

■メディアに圧力、西洋批判、個人崇拝…… 「文化大革命の頃と似た空気に恐怖」

2016年は「文化大革命」から50年となる節目の年だが、中国では習近平・国家主席の個人崇拝を思わせる場面が見られるようになった。5月には北京・人民大会堂では、アイドルが文化大革命の頃の歌を披露、習近平国家主席を礼賛し話題となった

こうした動きから、毛沢東の個人崇拝が推められた文化大革命の頃に空気が似ていると懸念する声も出ている。

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文化大革命で「毛沢東語録」を掲げ、デモ行進する「紅衛兵」たち(1966年06月01日)

1989年の天安門事件の当時、民主化を求めた学生リーダーの1人だった王丹氏は6月に来日した際の記者会見で、「習近平氏は社会を壊している。第2の文化大革命が起こりうる」と中国共産党の指導部を強く批判した

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王丹氏

また、2014年に天安門事件の追悼会に参加したことで当局に拘束され、15年にアメリカへ渡った徐友漁・ニュースクール大学客員研究員は朝日新聞に対し、こう語っている。

「人民大会堂で文革を思い出させるスローガンのもと革命歌をうたうコンサートが開かれたり、習氏のバッジを胸につけて会議に出席したり。個人崇拝や権力をトップに高度に集中させようとする動きがあります。

そして、外国との領土問題をめぐる中国の官製メディアの報道を思い出してみて下さい。『政権を転覆しようとする西側帝国主義という敵に包囲されている』などと叫んでいた文革時代の言いぶりに似ている。私的な会食の場で毛批判をした中央テレビの司会者が放送界から姿を消しました。異論を封じ込める、当時に似た空気に恐怖を感じる知識人は、私だけではありません」

(インタビュー)文化大革命50年 米ニュースクール大学客員研究員・徐友漁さん:朝日新聞デジタルより 2016年8月31日05時00分)


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CHINA-WWII-PARADE(48 of85)
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Military vehicles are displayed in a military parade at Tiananmen Square in Beijing on September 3, 2015, to mark the 70th anniversary of victory over Japan and the end of World War II.. China kicked off a huge military ceremony marking the 70th anniversary of Japan\'s defeat in World War II on September 3, as major Western leaders stayed away. AFP PHOTO / GREG BAKER (Photo credit should read GREG BAKER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:GREG BAKER via Getty Images)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(49 of85)
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Soldiers of the People\'s Liberation Army (PLA) of China arrive on their armoured vehicles at Tiananmen Square during the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015 REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(50 of85)
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Military nurses are seen atop a truck as they arrive at Tiananmen Square during the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(51 of85)
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Soldiers of the People\'s Liberation Army (PLA) of China, on their armoured vehicles equipped with anti-tank missiles, arrive at Tiananmen Square during the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015 REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(52 of85)
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Anti-aircraft artillery are displayed during the military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(53 of85)
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Anti-tank missiles are displayed during the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(54 of85)
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China\'s People\'s Liberation Army (PLA) navy soldiers stand on armored vehicles during the military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(55 of85)
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Military vehicles carry DF-15B short-range ballistic missiles during the military parade to mark the 70th Anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(56 of85)
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Military vehicles carrying unmanned aerial vehicles drive past the Tiananmen Square during the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
CHINA-BEIJING-V-DAY PARADE (CN)(57 of85)
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BEIJING, Sept. 3, 2015-- An anti-aircraft artillery phalanx attends the military parade in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 3, 2015. China on Thursday held commemoration activities, including a grand military parade, to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. (Xinhua/Gao Jianjun via Getty Images) (credit:Xinhua News Agency via Getty Images)
CHINA-BEIJING-V-DAY PARADE (CN)(58 of85)
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BEIJING, Sept. 3, 2015-- Wheeled armored assault vehicles attend the military parade in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 3, 2015. China on Thursday held commemoration activities, including a grand military parade, to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. (Xinhua/Zhu Xiang via Getty Images) (credit:Xinhua News Agency via Getty Images)
CHINA-BEIJING-V-DAY PARADE (CN)(59 of85)
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BEIJING, Sept. 3, 2015 -- Lieutenant generals Bai Jianjun, Tian Zhong, Chen Dong, Wu Guohua and Pan Changjie, left to right, lead the armament vehicles in a parade in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 3, 2015. China on Thursday held commemoration activities, including a grand military parade, to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. (Xinhua/Li Yibo via Getty Images) (credit:Xinhua News Agency via Getty Images)
CHINA-BEIJING-V-DAY PARADE (CN)(60 of85)
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BEIJING, Sept. 3, 2015-- An anti-aircraft artillery phalanx attends the military parade in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 3, 2015. China on Thursday held commemoration activities, including a grand military parade, to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. (Xinhua/Chen Yehua via Getty Images) (credit:Xinhua News Agency via Getty Images)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(61 of85)
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Military vehicles carrying DF-31A long-range missiles drive past the Tiananmen Gate during a military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Jason Lee (credit:Jason Lee / Reuters)
CHINA-BEIJING-V-DAY PARADE (CN)(62 of85)
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BEIJING, Sept. 3, 2015-- Soldiers escort the Chinese national flag for a flag-raising ceremony during commemoration activities marking the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 3, 2015. (Xinhua/Zheng Huansong via Getty Images) (credit:Xinhua News Agency via Getty Images)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(63 of85)
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A soldier of the People\'s Liberation Army (PLA) of China holds his weapon at the Tiananmen Square before a military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(64 of85)
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Soldiers of China\'s People\'s Liberation Army (PLA) march during the military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(65 of85)
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Soldiers of the People\'s Liberation Army (PLA) of China march with flags displaying names of several PLA\'s formations during a rehearsal ahead of a military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/cnsphoto CHINA OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN CHINA (credit:Stringer China / Reuters)
CHINA-BEIJING-V-DAY PARADE (CN)(66 of85)
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BEIJING, CHINA - SEPTEMBER 03: Military personnel march at the Tiananmen Gate during a military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two on September 3, 2015 in Beijing, China. China is marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II and its role in defeating Japan with a new national holiday and a military parade in Beijing. ((Xinhua/Wang Qingqin via Getty Images) (credit:Xinhua News Agency via Getty Images)
CHINA-BEIJING-V-DAY PARADE (CN)(67 of85)
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BEIJING, CHINA - SEPTEMBER 03: Military personnel of the guard of national flag march at the Tiananmen Gate during a military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two on September 3, 2015 in Beijing, China. China is marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II and its role in defeating Japan with a new national holiday and a military parade in Beijing. ((Xinhua/Wang Qingqin via Getty Images) (credit:Xinhua News Agency via Getty Images)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(68 of85)
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Soldiers of China\'s People\'s Liberation Army march with their weapons during a training session for a military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, at a military base in Beijing, China, September 1, 2015. China will mark the anniversary with a massive military parade this Thursday, with some 12,000 soldiers marching through Beijing\'s central Tiananmen Square. Picture taken September 1, 2015. REUTERS/Stringer CHINA OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN CHINA. (credit:China Stringer Network / Reuters)
CHINA-WWII-PARADE(69 of85)
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A Chinese military choir stands in position ahead of a military parade later in the morning at Tiananmen Square in Beijing on September 3, 2015, to mark the 70th anniversary of victory over Japan and the end of World War II. A huge military parade rolls through Tiananmen Square as Beijing commemorates the 70th anniversary of Japan\'s WWII defeat, but major Western leaders are staying away from the show of strength. AFP PHOTO / GREG BAKER (Photo credit should read GREG BAKER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:GREG BAKER via Getty Images)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(70 of85)
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Honour guards make their way as they prepare for foreign leaders\' arrivals at Beijing Capital International Airport in Beijing, China, September 2, 2015, ahead of the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two. REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon (credit:Kim Kyung Hoon / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(71 of85)
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Honour guards of the People\'s Liberation Army (PLA) of China march in formation past the Tiananmen Square before a military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(72 of85)
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China\'s People\'s Liberation Army (PLA) navy soldiers march at Tiananmen Square during the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(73 of85)
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Soldiers of China\'s People\'s Liberation Army (PLA) prepare in front of the Tiananmen Gate ahead of the military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Jason Lee (credit:Jason Lee / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(74 of85)
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Soldiers of China\'s People\'s Liberation Army (PLA) march during the military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(75 of85)
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Cleaning vehicles wash the floor as they drive past the Tiananmen Gate ahead of a military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Stringer CHINA OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN CHINA (credit:China Stringer Network / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(76 of85)
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Military band sing at the Tiananmen Square at the beginning of the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(77 of85)
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Mexican soldiers march during a military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/China Daily CHINA OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN CHINA (credit:China Daily China Daily Information Corp - CDIC / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(78 of85)
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Military band sing and salute at the Tiananmen Square at the beginning of the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(79 of85)
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Military helicopters forming the number \"70\" fly above buildings during the military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015.REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon (credit:Kim Kyung Hoon / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(80 of85)
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Military aircraft perform during the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
CHINA-BEIJING-V-DAY PARADE (CN)(81 of85)
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BEIJING, Sept. 3, 2015 -- The Serbian phalanx attends a parade in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 3, 2015. China on Thursday held commemoration activities, including a grand military parade, to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. (Xinhua/Jiang Wenyao via Getty Images) (credit:Xinhua News Agency via Getty Images)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(82 of85)
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Chinese President Xi Jinping (2nd R) talks to former President Jiang Zemin (R) next to Russia\'s President Vladimir Putin (2nd L) and South Korea\'s President Park Geun-hye on the Tiananmen Gate, at the beginning of the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(83 of85)
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Chinese President Xi Jinping waves as he reviews the army, at the beginning of the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (credit:Damir Sagolj / Reuters)
CHINA-BEIJING-V-DAY PARADE-SELECTED PHOTOS (CN)(84 of85)
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BEIJING, Sept. 3, 2015-- Chinese President Xi Jinping watches the military parade during the commemoration activities to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 3, 2015. (Xinhua/Lan Hongguang via Getty Images) (credit:Xinhua News Agency via Getty Images)
WW2-ANNIVERSARY/CHINA(85 of85)
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Shen Jilan wearing insignias and medals sits, ahead of the military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two, in Beijing, China, September 3, 2015. Shen, 85, is the only person in China to be elected 12 consecutive times as a member of China\'s parliament, after she was appointed to China\'s first National People\'s Congress (NPC) in 1954, according to local media. REUTERS/Jason Lee (credit:Jason Lee / Reuters)