ボリス・ネムツォフとはどんな人物か これまで報じられなかったロシアの暗殺された野党指導者

暗殺されたロシア野党の指導者ネムツォフ氏とはどんな人物だったのか? 知っておくべき彼の19の足跡をたどる。
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Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov speaks to youth opposition protesters, evicted by police from a protest camp at Chistiye Prudy, at a new site chosen for their camp in downtown Moscow, Wednesday, May 16, 2012. Russian police uprooted a protest camp in central Moscow that has become a center of opposition activity, rousting demonstrators in an early morning raid Wednesday hours before a deadline to leave. (AP Photo / Misha Japaridze)
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ロシアの首都モスクワにあるクレムリン付近で2月27日、プーチン政権を批判していた野党の指導者ボリス・ネムツォフ元第一副首相が暗殺された

ロシアで最も注目を浴びた、カリスマ的な野党指導者だったネムツォフ氏の死はロシア中に衝撃を与え、世界中からの非難を招いた。

アメリカのオバマ大統領、イギリスのキャメロン首相、ドイツのメルケル首相、そして元チェスの世界チャンピオンで、ネムツォフ氏と同じく反プーチンの政治活動を行っているガルリ・カスパロフ氏といった人たちが、徹底した捜査を求めている。プーチン大統領は、ロシアの司法トップに対し直々に捜査の命令を下した

しかし、ロシア国内はもちろん、国外でもネムツォフ氏の動向が報じられることはほとんどなかった。ロシアのメディアから排除され、彼の政治活動が伝えられていなかったことが原因である。ネムツォフ氏とはどんな人物だったのか? 知っておくべき彼の19の足跡をたどる。

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ボリス・ネムツォフは、反プーチン大統領派の中でも最も批判的でカリスマ性のある人物だった。

Pavel Golovkin/AP

彼はクレムリンにほど近い場所で、背中に4発の銃弾を受けて射殺された。彼の支持者は「暗殺」と言っている。

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ネムツォフ氏は冬季オリンピックが行われたソチの生まれ。ユダヤ人の母を持つが、祖父母の影響でロシア正教会の洗礼を受けている。

Kommersant Photo via Getty Images

彼は優秀な物理学者だった。かつてモスクワから約400キロ離れたゴーリキー大学の電波物理学研究所の主任研究員を務めていた。

Kommersant Photo via Getty Images

彼はチェルノブイリ原発事故をきっかけに政治に深く関わるようになった。そして地元ゴーリキーで原発建設を阻止する抗議運動を主導したことで初めてその名が知られるようになった。

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1990年、彼は30歳で国会議員に初当選し、急進改革派の「民主ロシア」に加わった。ここで彼はボリス・エリツィン元大統領と接近したとみられる。

AP/AP

1991年、エリツィン氏が行った有名な戦車上での演説で、ネムツォフ氏は共に戦車の上に立った。

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ネムツォフ氏は1990年代に州知事、そして副首相に就任し、かつてはロシアで初の大統領となったエリツィン氏の有望な後継者と見られていた。

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ネムツォフ氏が行った経済改革はイギリスのサッチャー首相からも称賛されたが、90年代末に彼が結成した右派勢力同盟が行った民営化路線やは多くのロシア人の中で物議を醸し、在任期間中はたびたび経済危機に苦しんだ。

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やがて右派勢力同盟はロシアの国会ですべての議席を失い、プーチン氏が率いる統一ロシアが多数派となった。

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政治家として活動していた間は、ネムツォフ氏はユーモアが豊かなキャラクターで幅広い支持を得ていたが、彼や他の野党指導者は国営テレビから姿を消し、主張の場が与えられなかった。

KIRILL KUDRYAVTSEV via Getty Images

ネムツォフ氏は野党のリーダーとなり、国の汚職に反対する抗議デモを率いて頻繁に逮捕された。

AFP via Getty Images

彼はロシアの国家主義者たちからソーシャルメディア上でいつも脅迫を受けていた。殺害予告を受けたこともある。

Sergey Ponomarev/AP

2009年、ソチ市長選の選挙活動でネムツォフ氏の顔にアンモニアが投げつけられた。

Misha Japaridze/AP

ネムツォフ氏は扇動的な反体制指導者でブロガーのアレクセイ・ナワルニー氏と接近した。ナワルニー氏は新しい、若手の反体制運動家として知られるようになったが、現在禁錮3年6カ月の実刑判決を受け、自宅に軟禁されている。

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ネムツォフ氏は2015年2月初め、86歳になる母親が「息子はプーチン大統領に殺されるのではないか」と恐れていると述べた。彼自身こうした不安はないのかと尋ねられ、彼はこう答えた。「恐れていたら、野党のリーダーなんて務まらない」

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殺害された時、ネムツォフ氏は2014年4月以来ウクライナ東部で親ロシア派が行っている戦闘にロシア政府が直接関与している証拠を示す報告書の作成にとりかかっていた。

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殺害される直前、ネムツォフ氏はロシアのラジオでモスクワ市民に対し、ウクライナの戦闘にロシアが関与することや国内の財政危機に抗議する平和的な集会に参加するよう呼びかけた。

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彼はウクライナ人モデルのガールフレンド、アンナ・ドゥリツカさんの目の前で射殺された。クレムリンから200メートル以内にあるボリショイ・モスクボレツキー橋を渡っていた時に4発の銃弾を受けた。

ボリス・ネムツォフ氏殺害
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Russian police investigate the the body of Boris Nemtsov, a former Russian deputy prime minister and opposition leader at Red Square with St. Basil Cathedral in the background in Moscow, Russia, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015.(AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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The body of Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, covered by plastic, lies on Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge near St. Basil cathedral (background) in central Moscow on February 28, 2015. (DMITRY SEREBRYAKOV/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DMITRY SEREBRYAKOV via Getty Images)
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Flowers lie on the ground as Russian police officers stand near the place where Boris Nemtsov, a former Russian deputy prime minister and opposition leader, was kiiled at Red Square with the Kremlin Wall in the background in Moscow, Russia, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015. Nemtsov, sharp critic of President Vladimir Putin, was gunned down Saturday, just a day before a planned protest against the government. The death of Nemtsov ignited a fury among opposition figures who assailed the Kremlin for creating an atmosphere of intolerance of any dissent and called the killing an assassination. Putin quickly offered his condolences and called the murder a provocation. (AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A Russian police officer stands next to trace of the body of Boris Nemtsov, a former Russian deputy prime minister and opposition leader, at Red Square with the Kremlin Wall in the background in Moscow, Russia, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015. Nemtsov, sharp critic of President Vladimir Putin, was gunned down Saturday, just a day before a planned protest against the government. The death of Nemtsov ignited a fury among opposition figures who assailed the Kremlin for creating an atmosphere of intolerance of any dissent and called the killing an assassination. Putin quickly offered his condolences and called the murder a provocation. (AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A municipal worker washes the place where Boris Nemtsov, a former Russian deputy prime minister and opposition leader, was kiiled at Red Square with St. Basil Cathidral in the background in Moscow, Russia, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015. Nemtsov, sharp critic of President Vladimir Putin, was gunned down Saturday near the Kremlin, just a day before a planned protest against the government. The death of Nemtsov ignited a fury among opposition figures who assailed the Kremlin for creating an atmosphere of intolerance of any dissent and called the killing an assassination. Putin quickly offered his condolences and called the murder a provocation. (AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Russian opposition leader Ilya Yashin, center, reacts as police investigate the the body of Boris Nemtsov, a former Russian deputy prime minister and opposition leader at Red Square in Moscow, Russia, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015. Russia\'s Interior Ministry says Boris Nemtsov, a leading opposition figure and former deputy prime minister, has been shot and killed near the Kremlin. Nemtsov, a sharp critic of President Vladimir Putin, was killed early Saturday. His death comes just a day before a major opposition rally in Moscow. (AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Opposition leader and former Russian prime minister Mikhail Kasyanov, foreground right, stands as the body of Boris Nemtsov, a former Russian deputy prime minister and opposition leader lies at Red Square in Moscow, Russia, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015. Russia\'s Interior Ministry says Boris Nemtsov, a leading opposition figure and former deputy prime minister, has been shot and killed near the Kremlin. Nemtsov, a sharp critic of President Vladimir Putin, was killed early Saturday. His death comes just a day before a major opposition rally in Moscow. (AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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The body of Boris Nemtsov, a former Russian deputy prime minister and opposition leader lies at Red Square with St. Basil Cathedral in the background in Moscow, Russia, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015. Russia\'s Interior Ministry says Boris Nemtsov, a leading opposition figure and former deputy prime minister, has been shot and killed near the Kremlin. Nemtsov, a sharp critic of President Vladimir Putin, was killed early Saturday. His death comes just a day before a major opposition rally in Moscow.(AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Police and medics surround the body of Boris Nemtsov, a leading opposition figure and former deputy prime minister, who was shot and killed near the Kremlin, Moscow in the early hours of Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015. Nemtsov, a sharp critic of President Vladimir Putin, was killed early Saturday. His death comes just a day before a major opposition rally in Moscow. (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: General view the place of murder of Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov on Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge in Moscow, Russia on February 28, 2015. Russian opposition leader and formed Deputy Prime Minister Boris Nemtsov was shot dead at night February 28 just a few steps from the Kremlin. (Photo by Vasily Shaposhnikov/Kommersant Photo via Getty Images). (credit:Kommersant Photo via Getty Images)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: Russian police investigators stand guard near the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge on February 28, 2015 in central Moscow, Russia. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, a fierce critic of President Boris Yeltsin, was shot dead in central Moscow ahead of a major opposition rally this weekend, investigators and police said. (Photo by Sasha Mordovets/Getty Images) (credit:Sasha Mordovets via Getty Images)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: Russian police investigators stand near the body of killed Russian opposition leader and former Deputy Prime Minister Boris Nemtsov, covered by plastic, on Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge near St. Basil cathedral on February 28, 2015 in central Moscow, Russia. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, a fierce critic of President Boris Yeltsin, was shot dead in central Moscow ahead of a major opposition rally this weekend, investigators and police said. (Photo by Sasha Mordovets/Getty Images) (credit:Sasha Mordovets via Getty Images)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: A Russian police officer stand guard near the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge on February 28, 2015 in central Moscow, Russia. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, a fierce critic of President Boris Yeltsin, was shot dead in central Moscow ahead of a major opposition rally this weekend, investigators and police said. (Photo by Sasha Mordovets/Getty Images) (credit:Sasha Mordovets via Getty Images)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: Russian police investigators stand near the body of killed Russian opposition leader and former Deputy Prime Minister Boris Nemtsov, covered by plastic, on Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge near St. Basil cathedral on February 28, 2015 in central Moscow, Russia. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, a fierce critic of President Boris Yeltsin, was shot dead in central Moscow ahead of a major opposition rally this weekend, investigators and police said. (Photo by Sasha Mordovets/Getty Images) (credit:Sasha Mordovets via Getty Images)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: Russian police investigators stand guard near the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge on February 28, 2015 in central Moscow, Russia. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, a fierce critic of President Boris Yeltsin, was shot dead in central Moscow ahead of a major opposition rally this weekend, investigators and police said. (Photo by Sasha Mordovets/Getty Images) (credit:Sasha Mordovets via Getty Images)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: Russian Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev (C) obseves a place where Russian opposition leader and former Deputy Prime Minister Boris Nemtsov was killed on Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge near St. Basil cathedral on February 28, 2015 in central Moscow, Russia. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, a fierce critic of President Boris Yeltsin, was shot dead in central Moscow ahead of a major opposition rally this weekend, investigators and police said. (Photo by Sasha Mordovets/Getty Images) (credit:Sasha Mordovets via Getty Images)
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Medics lift the body of Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, covered with plastic, on Moskvoretsky bridge near St. Basil cathedral in central Moscow on February 28, 2015. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, a fierce critic of President Boris Yeltsin, was shot dead in central Moscow ahead of a major opposition rally this weekend, investigators and police said. AFP PHOTO / DMITRY SERERYAKOV (Photo credit should read DMITRY SEREBRYAKOV/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DMITRY SEREBRYAKOV via Getty Images)
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Medics lift the body of Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, covered with plastic, on Moskvoretsky bridge near St. Basil cathedral in central Moscow on February 28, 2015. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, a fierce critic of President Boris Yeltsin, was shot dead in central Moscow ahead of a major opposition rally this weekend, investigators and police said. AFP PHOTO / DMITRY SERERYAKOV (Photo credit should read DMITRY SEREBRYAKOV/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DMITRY SEREBRYAKOV via Getty Images)
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In this file photo taken on Saturday, March 15, 2014, Boris Nemtsov, a former Russian deputy prime minister and opposition leader addresses demonstrators during a massive rally to oppose president Vladimir Putin\'s policies in Ukraine, in Moscow, Russia. (AP Photo/Alexander Zemlianichenko, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A group of ambassadors to Russia lay flowers at the place where Boris Nemtsov, a charismatic Russian opposition leader and sharp critic of President Vladimir Putin, was gunned down, at Red Square, with St. Basil Cathedral in the back and the Kremlin at left, in Moscow, Russia, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015. Nemtsov was gunned down Saturday near the Kremlin, just a day before a planned protest against the government. (AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People light candles in memory of Boris Nemtsov, seen behind, at the monument of political prisoners \'Solovetsky Stone\' in central St.Petersburg, Russia, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015. Nemtsov was gunned down Saturday near the Kremlin, just a day before a planned protest against the government. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People react as they gather in memory of Boris Nemtsov near the monument of political prisoners \'Solovetsky Stone\' in central St.Petersburg, Russia, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015. Nemtsov was gunned down Saturday near the Kremlin, just a day before a planned protest against the government. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People light candles in memory of Boris Nemtsov at the monument of political prisoners \'Solovetsky Stone\' in central St.Petersburg, Russia, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2015. Nemtsov was gunned down Saturday near the Kremlin, just a day before a planned protest against the government. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: A man holds a banner as the people place flowers and candles at the Independence Square, during a memorial for the Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov on February 28, 2015 in Kiev, Ukraine. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov was shot dead in central Moscow, Russia late Friday. (Photo by Vladimir Shtanko/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: People place flowers and candles at a bridge, where Boris Nemtsov killed and next to Kremlin, all day long on February 28, 2015 in Moscow, Russia. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov was shot dead in central Moscow late Friday. (Photo by Sefa Karacan/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: People place flowers and candles at a bridge, where Boris Nemtsov killed and next to Kremlin, all day long on February 28, 2015 in Moscow, Russia. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov was shot dead in central Moscow late Friday. (Photo by Sefa Karacan/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: A woman holds a flower to place at a bridge, where Boris Nemtsov killed and next to Kremlin, all day long on February 28, 2015 in Moscow, Russia. Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov was shot dead in central Moscow late Friday. (Photo by Sefa Karacan/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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MOSCOW, RUSSIA - FEBRUARY 28: Russia\'s Deputy Minister of Economic Development Alexei Likhachev joins mourners as they gather to place tributes at the site where Russian opposition leader and former Deputy Prime Minister Boris Nemtsov was killed on Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge near St. Basil cathedral, February 28, 2015 in central Moscow, Russia. Nemtsov, a fierce critic of President Vladimir Putin, was shot dead in central Moscow ahead of a major opposition rally this weekend. (Photo by Sasha Mordovets/Getty Images) (credit:Sasha Mordovets via Getty Images)
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Pictures and flowers sit on February 28, 2015 at the spot, where Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov was shot dead, near Saint-Basil\'s Cathedral, in the center of Moscow. Nemtsov, a fierce critic of President Vladimir Putin, was gunned down while walking in sight of the Kremlin late on February 27, prompting an international chorus of condemnation. AFP PHOTO / ALEXANDER UTKIN (Photo credit should read ALEXANDER UTKIN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ALEXANDER UTKIN via Getty Images)

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