ブラジル100万人デモで国内経済がさらに悪化へ「革命に至る可能性がある」

ブラジルのルセフ政権に対する15日の大規模な抗議デモは、低迷する国内経済をますます悪化させそうだ。
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Demonstrators rally to protest against the government of president Dilma Rousseff in Paulista Avenue in Sao Paulo Brazil on 15 March 2015. Thousands of demonstrators clad in the yellow-green national colours protested Sunday in several cities of Brazil against president Dilma Rousseff who is facing a complex economic panorama and a political corruption scandal. AFP PHOTO / NELSON ALMEIDA (Photo credit should read NELSON ALMEIDA/AFP/Getty Images)
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ブラジルのルセフ政権に対する15日の大規模な抗議デモは、低迷する国内経済をますます悪化させそうだ。国営石油会社ペトロブラス をめぐる汚職疑惑が景気への打撃となる中、財政健全化への道のりも険しくなるとみられている。

ブラジル全土20数都市で約100万人が参加したデモでは、人々がルセフ大統領の退陣を求め、汚職疑惑に対する怒りをぶちまけた。ただ今のところ、議会で必要な票数が得られない見通しであることから、大統領への弾劾手続きはなさそうだ。

とはいえ、バス運賃の引き上げやサッカー・ワールドカップ(W杯)への巨額費用投入に反対する2013年のデモとは異なり、今回の矛先はルセフ大統領にのみ向けられている。このため、歳出削減や増税を目指すルセフ氏にとって求心力の低下は痛手だ。財政健全化に乗り出せなければ、ブラジルは投資適格級の格付けを失う可能性があり、そうなれば景気の低迷が悪化する恐れもある。

今回のデモの前に実施された世論調査では、ルセフ政権を「素晴らしい」もしくは「良い」と評価する国民の割合は23%にとどまり、過去最低水準に落ち込んだ。週内に発表される最新調査ではさらに低下すると見込まれている。

汚職疑惑をめぐっては、与党・労働党の複数の幹部も捜査を受けているものの、検察当局はこれまで、ルセフ氏が違法行為に関与した証拠はないと明らかにしている。

今回のデモの主体となったのは富裕層や中間層で、もともと昨年10月の大統領選でもルセフ氏の対立候補を支援していた人々。同氏の支持基盤である貧困層は現在の高インフレや失業率の上昇に不満を抱いているものの、反政府行動には至っていない。

<緊縮法案で妥協も>

ジョゼ・エドゥアルド・カルドゾ法相は16日の記者会見で、対話の必要性、および2003年に労働党が政権の座に就いて以来繰り返し汚職スキャンダルに見舞われている政治制度を「再考」する必要性を認識していると述べた。

労働党と連立を組むブラジル民主運動党(PMDB)の幹部は同日、匿名を条件にロイターに対し、15日のデモはルセフ大統領の基盤を弱めたとして、緊縮法案で一段の妥協が必要になるとの認識を示した。

汚職疑惑では、ルセフ氏の労働党を含めた複数の政党にも多額の資金が流れたとみられる。また、20数社がペトロブラスとの契約を禁じられ、ここ数カ月で数千人の従業員をレイオフした。一部企業は2016年リオデジャネイロ五輪の関連プロジェクトに携わっている。

デモの参加者は、経済にどのような影響が及んでも汚職に関与した当事者の処罰を望むと指摘。61歳の警備員男性は「(ルセフ大統領が)司法取引をしようとすれば、より多くの人が抗議デモを行うだろう。それは革命に至る可能性がある」と述べた。

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リオデジャネイ、コパカバーナビーチでの抗議デモ AFP PHOTO / Yasuyoshi CHIBA (Photo credit should read YASUYOSHI CHIBA/AFP/Getty Images)
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ルセフ大統領に抗議するデモ行進。3月15日、ブラジリア。多くのブラジル人が、不安定な経済と国営石油企業「ペトロブラス」の大規模な汚職スキャンダルの中、ルセフ大統領の左派政権に反対の声を上げた。 AFP PHOTO/EVARISTO SA (Photo credit should read EVARISTO SA/AFP/Getty Images)
Mass Anti-Corruption Marches Across Brazil Protest Petrobras Scandal
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サンパウロの抗議デモで、ルセフ大統領の弾劾を求める参加者 (Photo by Victor Moriyama/Getty Images)
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マナウスでの抗議デモ AFP PHOTO/RAPHAEL ALVES (Photo credit should read RAPHAEL ALVES/AFP/Getty Images)
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