NEWS少女 教育強制結婚バングラデシュ

15歳未満で結婚する女性が3割　児童婚が蔓延するバングラデシュ（画像）

自分より2倍以上も年上の男性と結婚させられる15歳のネイソワン・アクタールさんは、憔悴しきっているようだった。
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Senior World News Reporter, HuffPost

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MANIKGANJ, BANGLADESH - AUGUST 20: 15 year old Nasoin Akhter is consoled by a friend on the day of her wedding to a 32 year old man, August 20, 2015 in Manikganj, Bangladesh. In June of this year, Human Rights Watch released a damning report about child marriage in Bangladesh. The country has one of the highest rates of child marriage in the world, with 29% of girls marrying before the age of 15, and 65% of girls marrying before they turn 18. The detrimental effects of early marriage on a girl cannot be overstated. Most young brides drop out of school. Pregnant girls from 15-20 are twice as likely to die in childbirth than those 20 or older, while girls under 15 are at five times the risk. Research cites spousal age difference as a significant risk factor for violence and sexual abuse. Child marriage is attributed to both cultural tradition and poverty. Parents believe that it 'protects' girls from sexual assault and harassment. Larger dowries are not required for young girls, and economically, women's earnings are insignificant as compared to men's. (Photo by Allison Joyce/Getty Images)
Allison Joyce via Getty Images

バングラデシュでは、児童婚が根強い問題だ。政府は児童婚の廃絶を宣言しており、法律でも女性の婚姻最低年齢を18歳以上と定めているが、状況は改善していない。

「国連児童基金」（ユニセフ）の報告書によると、20～49歳のバングラデシュ女性のうち、3分の1近くが15歳になる前に結婚している。また、15歳未満の少女の児童婚率が世界でもっとも高い国であり、少女の29％が15歳になる前に結婚するという。11歳になる前に結婚する少女も2％いる。

バングラデシュのシェイク・ハシナ首相は、2014年に児童婚を2041年までに廃絶すると宣言しているが、国際人権団体「ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチ」は、政府は児童婚を廃止するための具体的な措置をほとんど取っていないと指摘している。

ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチの報告によると、児童婚が蔓延する背景には、貧困や教育を受けられないこと、さらにバングラデシュの伝統文化があるという。自然災害や気候変動の影響を受けやすいことも問題を悪化させているようだ。災害による被害が貧困を広げるからだ。

若くして結婚を強いられた少女たちは、虐待や低年齢での妊娠などのリスクにさらされる。また、教育を受けることを諦めなければいけないことも多いため、将来の経済的安定や社会福祉が限られてしまう。

ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチで女性の権利局長を務めるリーズル・ゲルントホルツ氏は、バングラデシュでは、結婚式で新婦が泣くのはよくあることで、多くの少女たちは結婚が何を意味するのかわかっていると話す。

「結婚したくないから泣いているとは断定できませんが、聞き取り調査をした多くの少女たちは、結婚が人生に与える影響をとても強く感じていました」

「彼女たちは、教育の機会を失ってしまうことや、若いうちに何度も妊娠してしまうことについて話し、暴力を受けることを恐れていました」

写真家のアリソン・ジョイス氏は、バングラデシュ中部のマニクガンジ地区で8月20日に行われた15歳の新婦の結婚式を撮影した。自分より2倍以上も年上の男性と結婚させられる新婦のネイソワン・アクタールさんは、憔悴しきっているようだ。

写真はヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチが「流行病のように蔓延している」と表現する児童婚の実態を垣間見せてくれる。

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32歳の男性との結婚式当日、身を清める15歳のネイソワン・アクタールさん。2015年8月20日、バングラデシュのマニクガンジ地区で撮影。Allison Joyce via Getty Images

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アクタールさんのために、ゴールドのウエディング・ジュエリーが用意される。Allison Joyce via Getty Images

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結婚式の当日、隣家の戸口に立つアクタールさん。Allison Joyce via Getty Images

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結婚式の当日、美容室で化粧をしてもらうアクタールさん。Allison Joyce via Getty Images

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32歳の結婚相手、モハマド・ハサムール・ラーマンさんが、結婚式の会場に到着する。Allison Joyce via Getty Images

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結婚式の当日、親戚がアクタールさんを新居に向かう車に連れていく。Allison Joyce via Getty Images

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親戚のひとりが写真撮影のためにアクタールさんをベッドの上に引き寄せる。Allison Joyce via Getty Images

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ベッドの上でビデオ撮影されるアクタールさん。Allison Joyce via Getty Images

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ベッドの上でアクタールさんの横に立つ、新郎のラーマンさん。Allison Joyce via Getty Images

この記事はハフポストUS版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

[日本語版：湯本牧子/ガリレオ]

強制結婚
(FILES) In this picture taken 30 April 2(01 of16)
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A peasant woman with her children takes(02 of16)
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A peasant woman with her children takes part in a demonstration for the International Women\'s Day at the Heroes\' Pantheon in Asucion on March 8, 2008. Calls to end forced marriage, domestic abuse and job discrimination marked International Women\'s Day on Saturday as demonstrators took to the streets worldwide. AFP PHOTO NORBERTO DUARTE (Photo credit should read NORBERTO DUARTE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NORBERTO DUARTE via Getty Images)
Yemeni child Nojoud Mohammed Ali and her(03 of16)
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Yemeni child Nojoud Mohammed Ali and her lawyer Shatha Mohammed Nasser are seen at a courthouse in Sanaa on April 15, 2008. A Yemeni court granted a divorce today to the eight-year-old Nojoud, whose unemployed father forced her into an arranged marriage this year, saying he feared she might be kidnapped. AFP PHOTO/KHALED FAZAA (Photo credit should read KHALED FAZAA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:KHALED FAZAA via Getty Images)
Yemeni child Nojoud Mohammed Ali (2nd R)(04 of16)
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Yemeni child Nojoud Mohammed Ali (2nd R), her lawyer Shatha Mohammed Nasser (2nd L), father Mohammed Ali Al-Ahdal (R) and husband Faez Ali Thameur (L) attend a public hearing regarding the young girl\'s arranged marriage at a court in Sanaa on April 15, 2008. A Yemeni court granted a divorce today to the eight-year-old Nojoud, whose unemployed father forced her into an arranged marriage this year, saying he feared she might be kidnapped. AFP PHOTO/KHALED FAZAA (Photo credit should read KHALED FAZAA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:KHALED FAZAA via Getty Images)
Victims Of Forced Marriage In Burkina Faso(05 of16)
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KAYA, BURKINA FASO - MARCH 06: Refuge welcomes 50 girls illiterate, victims of forced marriage. They often spend several years and has taught reading and writing, cooking, gardening and sewing. Two young girls aged 16, on March 6, 2009 in Kaya, Burkina Faso. (Photo by Pascal Parrot/Getty Images) (credit:Pascal Parrot via Getty Images)
Victims Of Forced Marriage In Burkina Faso(06 of16)
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KAYA, BURKINA FASO - MARCH 06: Refuge welcomes 50 girls illiterate, victims of forced marriage. They often spend several years and has taught reading and writing, cooking, gardening and sewing. After school time, on March 6, 2009 in Kaya, Burkina Faso. (Photo by Pascal Parrot/Getty Images) (credit:Pascal Parrot via Getty Images)
Victims Of Forced Marriage In Burkina Faso(07 of16)
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KAYA, BURKINA FASO - MARCH 06: Refuge welcomes 50 girls illiterate, victims of forced marriage. They often spend several years and has taught reading and writing, cooking, gardening and sewing. Two young girls born in 1992, in the refuge since year 2006, on March 6, 2009 in Kaya, Burkina Faso. (Photo by Pascal Parrot/Getty Images) (credit:Pascal Parrot via Getty Images)
Victims Of Forced Marriage In Burkina Faso(08 of16)
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KAYA, BURKINA FASO - MARCH 06: Refuge welcomes 50 girls illiterate, victims of forced marriage. They often spend several years and has taught reading and writing, cooking, gardening and sewing. Sister Augustine, manager of the refuge, on March 6, 2009 in Kaya, Burkina Faso. (Photo by Pascal Parrot/Getty Images) (credit:Pascal Parrot via Getty Images)
Yemeni former child-bride Nujud Mohammed(09 of16)
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Yemeni former child-bride Nujud Mohammed Ali participates in a demonstration to support proposed legislation banning the marriage of girls under 17, outside the parliament in Sanaa on March 23, 2010. Ali was granted a divorce in 2008 at the age of eight after her unemployed father forced her into an arranged marriage with a man twenty years her senior. AFP PHOTO/MOHAMED HUWAIS (Photo credit should read MOHAMED HUWAIS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
Bamiyan Shelter Cares For Battered Afghan Women(10 of16)
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This picture taken in Kabul on October 1(11 of16)
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YEMEN-SOCIETY-WOMEN-CHILDREN-MARRIAGE(12 of16)
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PAKISTAN-UNREST-WOMEN-MARRIAGES-CHILDREN(13 of16)
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YEMEN-GENDER-MARRIAGE-FILM(14 of16)
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Yemeni women attend the showing of a film in Sanaa March 3, 2014 about \'child brides\', which are quite common in the poverty-striken and tribal country of Yemen, where barely pubescent adolescent girls are forced into marriage, often to older men. It is estimated that 14 % of girls in Yemen under the age of 15 are forced into early marriages and 52% of girls before they turn 18, and frequently to much older husbands according to rights organisations. AFP PHOTO/ MOHAMMED HUWAIS (Photo credit should read MOHAMMED HUWAIS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MOHAMMED HUWAIS via Getty Images)
YEMEN-GENDER-MARRIAGE-FILM(15 of16)
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A Yemeni woman attends the showing of a film in Sanaa March 3, 2014 about \'child brides\', which are quite common in the poverty-striken and tribal country of Yemen, where barely pubescent adolescent girls are forced into marriage, often to older men. It is estimated that 14 % of girls in Yemen under the age of 15 are forced into early marriages and 52% of girls before they turn 18, and frequently to much older husbands according to rights organisations. AFP PHOTO/ MOHAMMED HUWAIS (Photo credit should read MOHAMMED HUWAIS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MOHAMMED HUWAIS via Getty Images)
YEMEN-GENDER-MARRIAGE-FILM(16 of16)
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Yemeni women attend the showing of a film in Sanaa March 3, 2014 about \'child brides\', which are quite common in the poverty-striken and tribal country of Yemen, where barely pubescent adolescent girls are forced into marriage, often to older men. It is estimated that 14 % of girls in Yemen under the age of 15 are forced into early marriages and 52% of girls before they turn 18, and frequently to much older husbands according to rights organisations. AFP PHOTO/ MOHAMMED HUWAIS (Photo credit should read MOHAMMED HUWAIS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MOHAMMED HUWAIS via Getty Images)

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