中国、ゴルフ場建設禁止へ強硬手段 環境問題が深刻化

中国政府はゴルフコースの新設を禁じた2004年の措置について、無視する開発業者が相次ぐ中、適用を厳格化し始めた可能性がある。 当局は3月、北京郊外など中国各地のゴルフコースを廃止する強硬手段に乗り出した。
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Reuters

中国政府はゴルフコースの新設を禁じた2004年の措置について、無視する開発業者が相次ぐ中、適用を厳格化し始めた可能性がある。

当局は3月、北京郊外など中国各地のゴルフコースを廃止する強硬手段に乗り出した。政府は先月になって、こうした強硬手段が業者への警告になると指摘した。

先週には会計検査当局が、ゴルフコースを開発したとして国有大手2社(中国タバコ総公司、中国冶金科工集団)の名前を公表。これを受け、中国タバコはゴルフコースの閉鎖を命じたと表明。中国冶金科工も、「資産処分手続き」を開始するとともに、責任者を処罰したと明らかにした。

中国のある開発業者は匿名を条件に、「間違いなくゴルフコースに対する取り締まり活動は強化されている」と明らかにした。この業者は禁止措置の後もゴルフコースの開発に携わったことがある。

禁止措置は中国の貴重な水資源を保護するために打ち出され、適用が免除されているのは南部のリゾート地である海南島だけだ。

しかし、深センに拠点を構え、ゴルフ関連サービスを手掛ける朝向集団のウェブサイトによると、昨年末時点までに建設されたゴルフコースは中国全体で639カ所。2004年から3倍に増えている。

<禁止措置、これまでは骨抜きに>

からくりはこうだ。開発業者や弁護士によると、業者と地方当局は禁止措置に抵触しないよう、土地の開発申請をする際にゴルフコースが目的とはせず、スポーツトレーニングセンターや旅行客向けリゾートとして申請するのだという。

中倫弁護士事務所(北京)のパートナー、朱茂元弁護士は「申請の際に、プロジェクト名や土地の利用目的を『ゴルフコース』とする業者や地方政府は見たことがない」と指摘。国務院(内閣に相当)もこうしたプロジェクトを承認していた。

中国政府はこれまで、ゴルフコースの違法開発は取り締まるとしていた。国家発展改革委員会(発改委、NDRC)が今回、5件のゴルフコースに対し廃止命令を出したことは、こうした抜け道を許さないとの姿勢を初めて示したものだ。

発改委にコメントを求めたが、回答はなかった。

開発業者によると、環境問題の深刻化を受け、芝生養生のために農薬などを多く使用するゴルフコースに対する取り締まりは一段と強化される可能性がある。

一方で、ロイターが取材した別の業者からは、懸念の声があまり聞かれなかった。彼らは異口同音に、地方当局者は土地売却収入が得られ、地元に富裕層を呼び込めるゴルフコースを欲していると指摘しており、中央政府が今後どれだけ実際に取り締まりを強化するかに注目が集まりそうだ。[香港/北京 29日 ロイター] -

(Clare Jim記者、Xiaoyi Shao記者 執筆協力:Matthew Miller in BEIJING 翻訳:川上健一 編集:田中志保)

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