少子化の非常事態宣言 全国知事会で発信検討――本当に子育てしやすい社会とは

京都府の山田啓二知事は1月7日、少子高齢化が進む現状について、全国知事会で非常事態宣言をする必要があるとの見解を示した。京都府の出生率は、全国でも東京都に次いで低いという。
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Michael H via Getty Images

地方公共団体が結束して国に訴える必要がある――。

京都府の山田啓二知事は1月7日、少子高齢化が進む現状について、全国知事会で非常事態宣言をする必要があるとの見解を示した。京都府の出生率は、全国でも東京都に次いで低いという。MSN産経ニュースが報じた。

全国的に少子高齢化が進む中、山田啓二知事は7日、「日本全体の課題として全国の地方公共団体が結束して国に訴える必要がある」として、自身が会長を務める全国知事会で非常事態宣言として発信する必要があるとの見解を示した。

(MSN産経ニュース「少子化で非常事態宣言 全国知事会で発信検討 京都 」より 2013/01/08 02:21)

山田知事は、少子化は日本全体の問題だとして「抜本的な対策が必要である」と述べたという。

■少子化の現状――欧米諸国と比較すると、低い出生率

少子化が進む日本。年間の出生数は、第2次ベビーブーム期(1971〜1974)に約200万人だったが、2011年には約105万人に。緩やかな減少傾向となっている。

一方、特殊出生率は、2005年に過去最低の1.26まで落ち込んだが、その後は2011年は1.39まで回復。微増傾向ではあるものの欧米諸国と比較するとなお低い水準となっている。

出生数および合計特殊出生率の年次推移

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■政府の少子化対策――自治体のオリジナル対策に交付金4000万円

安倍首相は、少子化の危機を突破するべく、有識者を招いて「少子化危機突破タスクフォース」を開催。「子育て支援」「働き方改革」「結婚・妊娠・出産支援」などの対策に取り組んでいる。

また2013年12月に、自治体に対して、オリジナルの少子化対策に最大4000万円を交付すると発表した。2014年度内に計画の募集を開始し、精査した上で交付の可否を決めるという。

政府は、自治体が提案するオリジナルの少子化対策に対し、最大4千万円を交付する新事業を開始することが21日、明らかになった。地域独自のアイデアを喚起し、未婚化など少子化要因を解消するのが狙い。



計画には、結婚から子育てまで「切れ目のない支援」の仕組み▽結婚に向けた情報提供▽出産・妊娠に関する情報提供▽結婚、妊娠・出産、子育てのしやすい環境整備-の事業を盛り込むことが条件となる。

(MSN産経ニュース「「結婚から子育てまで」 少子化対策のアイデアに最大4000万円 政府が自治体に交付金」より 2013/12/22 08:58)

政府は、「地域における少子化対策の強化」として2015年度の補正予算案に約30億円を計上。「地域少子化対策強化交付金(仮称)」として、都道府県4000万円、市区町村800万円を上限に交付するという。

■子育てしやすい環境を――企業や自治体の取り組み

出生率の増加には、子育てしやすい環境づくりが大切だ。待機児童の解消や、子育てと仕事の両立支援、男性の働き方の見直しなどが必要とされている。

厚生労働省の発表によれば、平成24年10月1日の全国の待機児童の数は、22,741人。育休取得率は、女性が83.6%なのに対し、男性は1.89%となっている。また「少子化社会対策白書」によれば、6歳未満の子供を持つ男性の育児時間は、1日平均40分。欧米諸国と比較して半分程度となっている。

最近では、企業や自治体でも積極的な取り組みが見られるようになった。

愛媛県八幡浜市の菓子製造会社「株式会社あわしま堂」は、全社員の「育児休暇(育休)」を実施。男性社員も含めた全社員に対して、育児休業の取得を義務づけたという。

ユニークな育休制度を導入したのは、愛媛県八幡浜市の菓子製造会社「株式会社あわしま堂」。報道によると、同社は昨年12月16日から、男性社員も含めた全社員に対して、最低5日間の育児休業の取得を義務付けた。育休をとった場合、最初の連続5日間が有給扱いになるという。

(ハフポスト日本版「育児休暇を男性社員にも義務化 法律的には大丈夫?」より 2014/01/06 15:15)

同社は、女性社員の育休取得率が100%だったのに対し、男性社員は5.9%にとどまっていたことから、「意識改革のために」この制度を導入したようだ。

また東京都港区では、2013年度に「港区史上最大の保育定員拡大」を実施している。

港区は高層マンションが立ち並び子育て世代も多い。待機児童は195人(2013年4月1日)だが、全体に占める待機児童の割合が高く、1歳児を中心に「待機児童ゼロ」には至っていない。

港区は2013年度、私立認可保育園の新規誘致や緊急暫定保育施設を前倒しして開設するなどして、2014年4月までに定員を1363人まで大幅に増やす予算を計上。「港区史上最大の定員拡大」となった。

(ハフポスト日本版「「ママたちの声を政治に反映し、産み育てやすい国に」待機児童問題に取り組む港区議会議員・柳澤亜紀さんに聞く「未来のつくりかた」」より 2014/01/05 09:19)

■本当に子育てしやすい社会とは――子育て世代の声

果たして、子育て世代にとって「本当に子育てしやすい社会」とは、どのようなものだろうか。ネット上には、様々な声が上がっている。

国や自治体、企業が、子育てしやすい社会の整備を進め、社会全体で子育てをサポートしていけるよう環境づくりが必要だといえる。子育て世代も、声を上げていく必要があるのだろう。

待機児童問題を解消するためにワーキングマザーから東京都港区議会議員に転身した、柳澤亜紀さんは語る。

柳澤さんは子育て世代以外の人たちにも、待機児童問題が生まれる過程や背景を粘り強く話すことを心がけている。すると、ほとんどの人は共感し理解してくれるという。「子供は地域の宝、日本の宝。将来の日本を支える納税者なんです。子供を産むのをどうしようとか、2人目の出産をどうしようとか、そういう悩みは完全になくしたい」



「私と同世代の30~40代の人たちには、自分たちの暮らしや社会を良くするために何が出来るのかを常に考えて行動してもらいたい。誰かがやってくれるじゃなくて、自分から動いて欲しい。待ってよかったということは一つもないから」

(ハフポスト日本版「「ママたちの声を政治に反映し、産み育てやすい国に」待機児童問題に取り組む港区議会議員・柳澤亜紀さんに聞く「未来のつくりかた」」より 2014/01/05 09:19)

※少子化を解消する取り組みが、企業や自治体でも始まっています。子育てしやすい社会とは、どのような環境でしょうか。あなたの声をお聞かせください。

ハフィントンポスト日本版はFacebook ページでも情報発信しています
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SAN DIEGO, CA - OCTOBER 5: In this handout image provided by the Zoological Society of San Diego, a nine-week-old female panda cub lies on an exam table at the San Diego Zoo October 5, 2005 in San Diego, California. According to Karen Kearns, DVM, San Diego Zoo associate veterinarian, the panda\'s teeth are ready to erupt any day as four teeth on the lower jaw feel ready to emerge. The cub is also increasing strength in her front limbs as she begins to lift her upper body more. Kearns expects the cub will likely be using her rear legs to begin lifting her lower body in just a few weeks. The cub weighs approximately 7.2 pounds, a gain of nearly one pound since last week\'s exam. She measures about 1.66 feet from the tip of her nose to the end of her tail. (Photo by Ken Bohn/Zoological Society of San Diego via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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SAN DIEGO - OCTOBER 19: In this handout from Zoological Society of San Diego, veterinarians check the San Diego Zoo\'s unnamed female giant panda cub\'s feet during a weekly exam on October 19, 2005 in San Diego, California. Turns out the cub finally has her first tooth, a left upper molar. For a couple of weeks veterinarians could feel teeth below the gums but had not emerged until now. The cub weighs 7.78 pounds. (Photo by Tammy Spratt/Zoological Society of San Diego via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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SAN DIEGO - SEPTEMBER 14: Beth Bicknese, an associate veterinarian, takes a closer look at a 6-week-old giant panda cub at the San Diego Zoo September 14, 2005 in San Diego, California. The female cub?s ear holes have opened more, allowing the cub to listen to what is happening in her surroundings with greater detail. Although the cub still cannot see, the eye slits are enlarging as well, Bicknese said. The cub weighs 4.4 pounds. (Photo by Ken Bohn/San Diego Zoo via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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WOLONG - JANAURY 17 : (CHINA OUT) Giant panda \'Lei Lei\' (R) laps her baby at the Wolong Giant Panda Bear Research Center on January 17, 2005 in Wolong of Sichuan province, southwest China. The center, located high in the mountains some 130 km from Chengdu, was established in 1963 primarily to protect the habitat of the giant panda. Today the center continues to care for almost 50 pandas while focusing on breeding and research on bamboo ecology. (Photo by China Photos/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Baby Panda Tai Shan Charms Visitors At National Zoo(07 of20)
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WASHINGTON - JANUARY 06: Tai Shan, the giant panda cub at the National Zoo, plays outside January 6, 2005 in Washington, DC. Tai Shan is venturing outdoors more frequently lately, especially in the early morning hours. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
The first public viewing day for Tai Shan, the baby panda, a(08 of20)
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UNITED STATES - DECEMBER 08: The first public viewing day for Tai Shan, the baby panda, at The National Zoo. PICTURED: Tai Shan lays on his stomach as crowds of people watch him. (Photo by Sarah L. Voisin/Washington Post/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Baby Panda Tai Shan Charms Visitors At National Zoo(09 of20)
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WASHINGTON - JANUARY 06: Tai Shan, the giant panda cub at the National Zoo, plays outside on tree stumps January 6, 2005 in Washington, DC. Tai Shan is venturing outdoors more frequently lately, especially in the early morning hours. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Baby Panda Tai Shan Charms Visitors At National Zoo(10 of20)
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WASHINGTON - JANUARY 06: Tai Shan, the giant panda cub at the National Zoo, plays outside on tree stumps as his mother Mei Xiang keeps watch January 6, 2005 in Washington, DC. Tai Shan is venturing outdoors more frequently lately, especially in the early morning hours. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Baby Panda Tai Shan Charms Visitors At National Zoo(11 of20)
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WASHINGTON - JANUARY 06: Tai Shan, the giant panda cub at the National Zoo, plays outside on tree stumps January 6, 2005 in Washington, DC. Tai Shan is venturing outdoors more frequently lately, especially in the early morning hours. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Baby Panda Tai Shan Charms Visitors At National Zoo(12 of20)
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WASHINGTON - JANUARY 06: Tai Shan, the giant panda cub at the National Zoo, plays outside on tree stumps as his mother Mei Xiang keeps watch January 6, 2005 in Washington, DC. Tai Shan is venturing outdoors more frequently lately, especially in the early morning hours. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Baby Giant Panda(13 of20)
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An unidentified veterinarian at the San Diego Zoo\'s Giant Panda Research Station examines the baby giant panda born August 21 for the first time Saturday, September 4, 1999, in San Diego. San Diego Zoo and Chinese veterinarians took advantage of mother Bai Yun\'s increasing absences from the den to get their first close look at the youngster, and information received from the exam indicates that the youngster is healthy, weighing a little over 12 ounces, and a female. (Courtesy of San Diego Zoo) (credit:Getty Images)
Workers Attend To Giant Panda Cubs(14 of20)
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WOLONG, CHINA - JULY 12: (CHINA OUT) A cub born by giant panda Guo Guo lies in a baby caring box at the China Wolong Giant Panda Protection and Research Center July 12, 2005 in Wolong of Sichuan Province, southwest China. Giant panda Ying Ying in the center has given birth to a set of twins, the first pair this year on July 3. On July 8, giant panda Guo Guo gave birth to the second pair of twins. According to the center, six cubs will be born in the center in the next few months. (Photo by China Photos/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
CH: Lack Of Tourists Aftr Earthquake At Pandas Breeding Center in Chengdu(15 of20)
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CHENGDU, CHINA -JUNE 11: Baby pandas eat bamboo during feeding time at the Panda Breeding Center June, 11, 2008 in Chengdu. Tourism is at an all time low at the Panda center after the devastating earthquake that killed more than 69,000 people almost one month ago, with 17,500 classified as missing. In the Wolong Giant Panda Reserve yesterday workers buried, Mao Mao, a 9 year old panda killed in a landslide during the quake. Mao Mao is the only Panda confirmed dead while another one Xiao Xiao is still missing. Across the region the quake relief efforts are continuing but corruption remains a major concern as many question where the hundreds of millions of dollars of donations are going. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Baby Panda Tai Shan Charms Visitors At National Zoo(16 of20)
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WASHINGTON - JANUARY 06: Tai Shan, the giant panda cub at the National Zoo, plays outside on tree stumps as his mother Mei Xiang keeps watch January 6, 2005 in Washington, DC. Tai Shan is venturing outdoors more frequently lately, especially in the early morning hours. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Bai Yun Gives Birth(17 of20)
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Bai Yun, a female giant panda, shown in this undated file photo from the San Diego Zoo, gave birth to a cub Saturday, August 21, 1999, in San Diego. Bai Yun gave birth successfully to a cub after being artificially inseminated in April. Scientists were unable to determine the cub\'s gender. The mother can only be viewed through a special camera that allows observers to catch glimpses of the cub as it is cradled in her huge paws. (Photo by San Diego Zoological Society/CM) (credit:Getty Images)
Giant Baby Panda Hua Mei(18 of20)
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The San Diego Zoo\'s 14-week-old female giant panda cub is seen during her weekly veterinary exam, November 30, 1999. The cub, who weighs 11.3 pounds, was named Hua Mei and translates to \'China-USA,\' during a ceremony Wednesday Dec. 1, 1999. (Photo by San Diego Zoo/Courtesy of Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Dogs Painted As Other Animals To Launch New China Pet Park(19 of20)
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ZHENGZHOU, CHINA - JUNE 05: (CHINA AND GERMANY OUT) A dog is painted as a baby giant panda during the launch of a new pet park at Dahe Mincui Park on June 5, 2010 in Zhengzhou, Henan Province of China. The newly opened Pet Park adorned the canines to attract investors and commercial tenants including pet grooming services, pet hospitals and pet trading markets to the new venue. The 5 painted dogs were invited from China\'s southwest Sichuan province to boost the opening of the park. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Dogs Painted As Other Animals To Launch New China Pet Park(20 of20)
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ZHENGZHOU, CHINA - JUNE 05: (CHINA AND GERMANY OUT) A girls holds two dogs which were painted as baby giant pandas during the launch of a new pet park at Dahe Mincui Park on June 5, 2010 in Zhengzhou, Henan Province of China. The newly opened Pet Park adorned the canines to attract investors and commercial tenants including pet grooming services, pet hospitals and pet trading markets to the new venue. The 5 painted dogs were invited from China\'s southwest Sichuan province to boost the opening of the park. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)