Getty
日本の男女格差、過去最低の105位 その理由とは
25日、世界経済フォーラム（WEF）は「男女格差報告2013年」を発表した。日本は対象国136ヶ国中105位であった。2昨年の101位より更にランクが下がり、日本は過去最低の順位となった。
WEFのリリースによると、男女格差の小さい国は、1位アイスランド、2位フィンランド、3位ノルウェー。5位のフィリピンは、太平洋地域で最も男女格差解消の取り組みが進んでいることが伝えられている。同リリースによると、アジアでは、中国が69位、インドが101位。韓国は111位で、日本同様に下位圏であったと中央日報は報じている。
【男女格差報告とは？】
世界経済フォーラム（WEF）のサイトによれば、男女格差報告は、2006年に始まった。性別による格差の大きさ、範囲を示し、各国の経済・政治・教育・健康の男女格差を評価。地域、所得層、経年による比較ができる。
この報告に使用される変数14のうち13は、国際労働機関や世界保険機関といった国際機関から入手した、信頼できるデータである。
またWEFは、国の発展と男女格差は一致しないことを説明している。豊かな国は、男女とも教育や保険の機会に恵まれているのはよく知られた事実であるが、それぞれの国の収益による男女格差は個別のものであると伝えている。
【ランクが下がった日本 背景は？】
世界経済フォーラムは、日本が前回より順位を下げたのは、女性議員の減少による経済活動への参加と機会のスコア向上が目立たなくなったことが原因、と発表している。実際、2012年12月の衆院選で当選した女性議員は16人で、前回2009年衆院選の26人から減少していた。
【女性活躍を公約する安倍政権】
日本は、「社会のあらゆる分野において、2020年までに、指導的地位に女性が占める割合が、少なくとも30％程度になるよう期待する」という目標がある（2003年、男女共同参画推進本部）。アベノミクスの成長戦略でも、女性が輝く日本をつくるためとして、「待機児童の解消」「職場復帰・再就職の支援」「女性役員・管理職の増加」を掲げている。
女性の活躍推進の最たる例として、厚生労働省事務次官へ村木厚子氏が抜擢されたことをクオーツは取り挙げた。史上2人目の女性事務次官となる。なお10月初めの内閣府男女共同参画局の報告によれば、現在、課長職以上の女性官僚は2.6％である。
また同サイトは、雇用の機会を失っている女性の就業者数を820万人増加させれば、日本のGDPは15％増加する、と報じている。
総じて、日本の男女格差を縮小する政策は注目されているとはいえ、まだ目に見える成果は少ないことが伺える報道であったといえる。
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