ギリシャ総選挙、チプラス前首相の与党が勝利 連立政権作り、難民問題など課題山積

金融危機が続くギリシャで9月20日、総選挙が実施され、中間集計の結果、与党の急進左派連合(Syriza)が第一党になることが確実となった。
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Syriza leader Alexis Tsipras speaks to supporters after his party's victory in the Greek general elections at his campaign headquarters in Athens on September 20, 2015. With over half of the votes counted, Tsipras' Syriza party won 35.54 percent of the vote against 28.07 percent for conservative New Democracy and is likely to again form a coalition government with the nationalist Independent Greeks party. AFP PHOTO/ LOUISA GOULIAMAKI (Photo credit should read LOUISA GOULIAMAKI/AFP/Getty Images)
LOUISA GOULIAMAKI via Getty Images

金融危機が続くギリシャで9月20日、総選挙が実施され、中間集計の結果、与党の急進左派連合(Syriza)が第一党になることが確実となった。出口調査の結果でも急進左派連合党首のアレクス・チプラス前首相への一定の支持が見られるが単独過半数を獲得するのは困難だ。チプラス氏は9月末までに首相へ返り咲き、連立協議に臨む

BBCによると、野党「新民主主義党」のヴァンゲリス・メイマラキス党首は得票率で急進左派連合に大きなリードを許し敗北を認めた。急進左派連合は公式の集計でおよそ35%の得票率となる見込みだ。

開票後、チプラス氏はアテネで演説し、満面の笑みで勝利宣言を行い、今回の選挙結果でギリシャを率いる委任状を得たと述べた。チプラス氏はまた、ギリシャの経済再生に向けて困難な時をすごさなければならないと警告した。

ロイターによると、「現在のヨーロッパでは、ギリシャの国と国民は、抵抗と威厳の代名詞となっている。そして、この闘いはもう4年続けることになるだろう」と、チプラス首相は述べた。

20日の総選挙の投票は、1月の総選挙、欧州委員会(EU)、欧州中央銀行(ECB)、国際通貨基金(IMF)の「トロイカ」による国際債権団から提示された財政緊縮案を受け入れるかどうかを問う7月の国民投票に続き、ギリシャで2015年に行われた3回目の投票となる。

今回の選挙の投票率は低くなる見込みだ。多くのギリシャ人有権者は、事前の世論調査で接戦になるという予測のもと投票した。チプラス氏率いる急進左派連合は選挙戦の当初、圧倒的なリードを保っていたが、投票日が近づくにつれて新民主主義党との差は縮まった。16日の世論調査では、両党の支持率は僅差となっていた。

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アテネで勝利宣言するチプラス前首相(Photo by Milos Bicanski/Getty Images)

しかし投票日になって、有権者はチプラス氏支持に傾いたようだ。多くの有権者が、財政緊縮に「ノー」を突きつけた7月の国民投票に続き、チプラス氏を信任する道を選んだ

ラフな姿と強気の発言で注目され、「革ジャン財務相」と呼ばれた急進左派連合のヤニス・ヴァロファキス前財務相は20日、緊急金融支援に反対する立場から、債権団に譲歩したチプラス氏の急進左派連合を批判した。

今回の選挙の最大の争点は、チプラス政権が受け入れた金融支援と、全般的に放置された状態の国の経済だった。しかし、政策論争の中で重要な位置を占めたのは債権団に対するチプラス氏の交渉能力だった。チプラス氏は1月の総選挙で反緊縮財政を掲げて首相となったが、国が財政破綻する危機に直面し、ユーロ圏離脱が現実のものとなるにつれて、結局は厳しい財政再建に踏み切らざるを得なかった。

急進左派連合は定数300の議会の第一党となり、無条件で50議席が与えられるものの、単独過半数には達しない見込みだ。単独過半数を得られなかった場合は、連立政権の枠組み作りに着手する。政権を維持するためには、3%以上の得票率を得た政党と連立を組む必要がある。

ロイターによると、前回の連立政権のパートナーだった右派政党の「独立ギリシャ人」は20日、今回も連立に加わることになると表明した。独立ギリシャ人党首のパノス・カメノス前国防相は、チプラス氏の勝利演説の際も同じステージ上で祝福した。

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急進左派連合は連立整形樹立のため、他の政党と連立の枠組み協議を行うことになる (AP Photo/Vangelis Bougiotis)

連立政権がどんな形になったとしても、難民・移民問題、機能不全に陥った経済、そして高い失業率といったギリシャが直面する多くの重大な試練に直面することになる。

政府はまた、債権団が3年間で最大860億ユーロ(約11兆8700億円)に及ぶ金融支援の条件として要求された年金改革などの大規模な財政改革を実行しなければならない。

ギリシャ総選挙 2015/09/20
Greece Election(01 of19)
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Left-wing Syriza party leader Alexis Tsipras waves to his supporters at Syriza\'s partyâs main electoral center in Athens, Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015. Tsipras who won Greece\'s parliamentary election for the second time this year on Sunday, says he will form a coalition government with the small right-wing Independent Greeks. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Greece Election(02 of19)
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Left-wing Syriza party leader Alexis Tsipras speaks to his supporters at Syriza\'s partyâs main electoral center in Athens, Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015. Tsipras who won Greece\'s parliamentary election for the second time this year on Sunday, says he will form a coalition government with the small right-wing Independent Greeks. (AP Photo/Fotis Plegas G.) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
APTOPIX Greece Election(03 of19)
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Supporters of the left-wing Syriza party react after the election results at the partyâs main electoral center in Athens, Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015. The official projection of final results in Greece\'s early election shows the left-wing Syriza party of former Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras winning with 35.5 percent, but falling short of enough parliamentary seats to form a government on its own. The giant flag reads in Italian \"The other Europe with Tsipras. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Greece Election(04 of19)
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Alexis Tsipras, left, head of the left-wing Syriza party greets his supporters as leader of the right-wing Independent Greeks party Panos Kammenos shakes hands with people at Syriza\'s partyâs main electoral center in Athens, Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015. Tsipras who won Greece\'s parliamentary election for the second time this year on Sunday, says he will form a coalition government with the small right-wing Independent Greeks. (AP Photo/Fotis Plegas G.) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Greece Election(05 of19)
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Supporters of the left-wing Syriza party react after the election results at the partyâs main electoral center in Athens, Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015. The official projection of final results in Greece\'s early election shows the left-wing Syriza party of former Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras winning with 35.5 percent, but falling short of enough parliamentary seats to form a government on its own. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Greece Election(06 of19)
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A supporter of New Democracy main opposition party watches the first exit polls at the electoral stand of the party in Athens, Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015. Exit polls in Greeceâs early election show the left-wing Syriza party of former prime minister Alexis Tsipras likely winning, but falling short of an absolute majority needed to form a government. The banner next to the photograph of party\'s leader Vangelis Meimarakis reads in Greek \'\'In this crucial hour, everyone is needed.\'\' (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Greece Election(07 of19)
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A commission member opens the ballot box to count the ballot letters at a polling station in Athens, Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015. Exit polls in Greeceâs early election show the left-wing Syriza party of former prime minister Alexis Tsipras likely winning, but falling short of an absolute majority needed to form a government. (AP Photo/Fotis Plegas G.) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
GREECE-POLITICS-VOTE(08 of19)
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Syriza\'s supporters celebrate with flags their party\'s victory after the general election in Athens on September 20, 2015. Greek conservative leader Vangelis Meimarakis on Sunday conceded defeat in a general election that returned leftwing Alexis Tsipras to power. With more than a third of the vote counted, Tsipras\' Syriza party was on 35.46 percent to New Democracy\'s 28.07 percent. AFP PHOTO / LOUISA GOULIAMAKI (Photo credit should read LOUISA GOULIAMAKI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:LOUISA GOULIAMAKI via Getty Images)
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An elderly man casts his vote at a polling station as the sign on the ballot box reads in Greek \'\'Parliamentary Elections\'\' in Athens, Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015. Greeks were voting Sunday in their third national polls this year, called on to choose who they trust to steer the country into its new international bailout. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Greece Election(10 of19)
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A woman casts her vote at a polling station in Athens, Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015. Greeks were voting Sunday in their third national polls this year, called on to choose who they trust to steer the country into its new international bailout. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Greece Elections(11 of19)
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Syriza left-wing party leader and former Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, right, laughs as he meets with people at a coffee shop, in central Athens, Saturday, Sept. 19, 2015, ahead of Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015 elections. Six years into the countryâs worst post-World War II financial crisis, Sundayâs early parliamentary election is not being fought over austerity, promised debt forgiveness, public sector hirings or tax breaks. If anything, itâs about the dim prospect of political stability that might help restore some kind of economic normality to a country with 25 percent unemployment, severe banking restrictions and a crippling public debt. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Greece Elections(12 of19)
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New Democracy leader Vangelis Meimarakis leaves following a visit to supporters in central Athens, Saturday, Sept. 19, 2015, ahead of Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015 elections. Six years into the countryâs worst post-World War II financial crisis, Sundayâs early parliamentary election is not being fought over austerity, promised debt forgiveness, public sector hirings or tax breaks. If anything, itâs about the dim prospect of political stability that might help restore some kind of economic normality to a country with 25 percent unemployment, severe banking restrictions and a crippling public debt. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Greece Elections(13 of19)
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A municipal worker sets up a voting booth among other election materials at a school\'s classroom that will be a polling station for the Sept. 20 elections, in central Athens Friday, Sept. 18, 2015. It is the third time this year Greeks will be voting, with the economy still in dire straits, a quarter of workers jobless, and capital controls limiting cash access to savings to 420 euros ($470) per week. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
GREECE-POLITICS-VOTE(14 of19)
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Syriza\'s supporters celebrate their party\'s victory after the general election in Athens on September 20, 2015. Greek conservative leader Vangelis Meimarakis on Sunday conceded defeat in a general election that returned leftwing Alexis Tsipras to power. With more than a third of the vote counted, Tsipras\' Syriza party was on 35.46 percent to New Democracy\'s 28.07 percent. AFP PHOTO / ARIS MESSINIS (Photo credit should read ARIS MESSINIS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ARIS MESSINIS via Getty Images)
Greece Elections(15 of19)
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A boy looks the crowd before the pre-election speech of New Democracy party leader Evangelos Meimarakis at Omonia square in Athens, Thursday, Sept. 17, 2015. Opinion polls indicate a race too close to call, with Syriza\'s leader and former Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras struggling to maintain the narrowest of leads over his main opponent, center-right New Democracy leader Evangelos Meimarakis. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Greece Elections(16 of19)
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New Democracy leader Evangelos Meimarakis waves to his supporters during a pre-election speech at Omonia square in Athens, Thursday, Sept. 17, 2015. Opinion polls indicate a race too close to call, with Syriza\'s leader and former Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras struggling to maintain the narrowest of leads over his main opponent, center-right New Democracy leader Evangelos Meimarakis. The sign on the podium reads \'\'Greece Forward.\'\' (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Greek general elections(17 of19)
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ATHENS, GREECE - SEPTEMBER 20: Syriza supporters celebrate after the announcement of exit polls at a pre-election kiosk of the party in Athens, Greece, 20 September 2015. Exit polls in Greeces early general election Sunday indicated former Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras leftist Syriza party as likely to win but fail to gather enough votes to form a government. (Photo by Ayhan Mehmet/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Greece Holds Second National Election This Year(18 of19)
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ATHENS, GREECE - SEPTEMBER 20: Supporters of radical leftist Syriza party Alexis Tsipras cheer at exit poll results on September 20, 2015 in Athens, Greece. In Greece\'s fifth general election in six years, the latest polls have the incumbent Syriza party with a slight lead over the New Democracy. A new bailout of $96 million was approved for Greece in August. (Photo by Milos Bicanski/Getty Images) (credit:Milos Bicanski via Getty Images)
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Election officials sort through a ballot box to count votes at a polling station in Thessaloniki on September 20, 2015. Former Greek left-wing leader Alexis Tsipras has a slight lead over his conservative rivals in the country\'s cliffhanger vote, exit polls showed September 20. The polls for the main five Greek TV stations showed Tsipras\' party Syriza picking up between 30 and 34 percent of the vote compared to between 28 to 32.5 percent for New Democracy, led by Vangelis Meimarakis. AFP PHOTO / SAKIS MITROLIDIS (Photo credit should read SAKIS MITROLIDIS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAKIS MITROLIDIS via Getty Images)

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