「妊娠20週以降の中絶禁止」オハイオ州で成立 中絶非合法化の流れが加速、全米で警戒強まる

「最良で最も法にかなっており、神聖な人命を守るための持続的なアプローチだ」
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ジョン・ケーシック知事の下、オハイオ州の中絶クリニックの多くが閉鎖に追い込まれた

アメリカ・オハイオ州のジョン・ケーシック知事は12月13日、妊娠20週以降の中絶禁止法案に署名し法案を成立させた。これにより、オハイオ州は同様の法案を可決させた18番目の州となる。

ケーシック知事はまた、 女性が妊娠していることに気づかない妊娠6週以降の中絶を禁止する法案に拒否権を行使した。「ハートビート法案」と呼ばれるこの法案は、胎児の心拍が認められた後に中絶手術を行った医師に最長1年の禁固刑を科すもので、アメリカで最も厳格な中絶規制法案だった。

共和党が多数派を占めるオハイオ州の上下両院は、6週中絶禁止法案と20週中絶禁止法案の両方を可決した。ケーシック知事は、穏健派だが中絶に強く反対しており、20週中絶禁止法案に署名することが予想されていた。

妊娠中絶の権利を保証し、中絶を規制する法律を違憲とした1973年の「ロー対ウェイド」裁判の最高裁判決では、胎児が子宮外で生きていけるようになるまで((妊娠22〜24週)女性が中絶手術を受ける権利を保護している。20週以降の中絶は1%未満で、この時期に中絶を決断する女性のほとんどは胎児の異常や、妊娠初期に発見されなかった健康問題を発見した人たちだ。

ケーシック知事は、ハートビート法案は最高裁判決に「明らかに反している」と述べ、20週中絶法案は「最良で最も法にかなっており、神聖な人命を守るための持続的なアプローチだ」と指摘した。

しかし、中絶権の擁護者たちは6週中絶禁止法案よりも20週中絶禁止法案に懸念を示している。6週中絶禁止法は「ロー対ウェイド」を覆すことは難しいが、20週中絶法は実際に最高裁判決を覆す原動力になりうるからだ。

生殖に関する権利の支持者たちはオハイオ州の中絶規制に激しく抗議し、議員たちに、中絶が合法化される前の女性が妊娠を終わらせるため危険な手段に頼っていた時代を思い出させるため、コートのハンガーを州議事堂のフェンスにかけている。

全米家族計画連盟基金のスポークスウーマン、ドーン・ラグエンス氏は、「20週中絶禁止法は中絶を非合法とするケーシック知事の恥ずべきもう一つの試み」だと語った。

「ケーシック知事はオハイオ州での中絶を非合法化する任務を負っています。彼はその任務を遂行するために、周囲を煙に巻き、裏から手を回すような政治手段を使うつもりです」と、ラグエンス氏は語った。「彼は事実上、ほぼ例外なく中絶を禁止することになる6週中絶禁止法案に拒否権を行使し、穏健派としてとらえられています。しかし、オハイオ州の女性はこの本質を見抜き、厳しすぎる法案を拒絶しています。20週中絶禁止法により、女性は安全で合法的な中絶をするために長距離を移動し、州を越えなければいけません。多くの女性が受け入れられない障壁なのです」

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