「テロ」を子供たちにどう話せばいいの? 知っておきたい8つのポイント

テロのような難しい問題について子供と話す時にどういう点に気をつければ良いのか。専門家に話をきいた。

パリ同時多発テロ事件の後、つい過保護になって子供にニュースを見せないようにするかもしれない。

しかし、それは正しい判断とはいえない。テレビや新聞、子供の遊び場であれ、テロのニュースについて子供たちが耳にしない可能性は低いからだ。

では、テロについて子供と話す際には、どういったことに気をつければ良いのだろうか。ハフポストUK版は、子供たちとテロリズムについて話し合う最善の方法を学ぶため、児童心理学者や児童向け慈善団体の広報担当者らに助言を求めた。

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2015年11月16日、フィリピンのマニラ市内で、テロ攻撃の犠牲者を追悼しロウソクに火をつける少女。

「テロリズムは、親でさえ容易に理解したり受け入れることができないので、子供に話すには難しい話題です」。家族の問題に取り組むイギリスの慈善団体ケア・フォー・ザ・ファミリーのキャサリン・ヒルさんは言う。

「しかし、大人はこれらの話題について、きちんと子供たちと話し合うべきです。なぜなら、彼らはあらゆる方向から、その話題にさらされているからです」。

「最も重要なことは、『あなたに話し、質問し、恐怖などの感情を隠さず伝えてもいいんだ』ということ子供たちに分からせてあげることです」。

問題にアプローチする方法

「彼らの質問に、心を開いて誠実に答えようとするべきです」と、ヒルさんは助言する。「しかし、その答えや説明が年齢に合っていなければなりません。また、一度にあまりにもたくさんの情報を与えないことです」。

母親を支援する団体、チャンネル・マムの創設者、シヴォーン・フリーガードさんも同じ意見だ。この話題にアプローチするには年齢に合ったやり方が重要だと言う。

「子供にテロの話をするのは嫌なものですが、現代の世界では必要です。どのように取り組むかは、子供の年齢によるところが大きいです」と、フリーガードさんは言う。

「幼い子供たちには、詳細な説明は本当に必要ありません。十分理解することができないでしょうし、更に怖がらせるだけですから。何か言わなければならないなら、ある人たちがとてもいけないことをして、罰せられることになるのだと説明してあげてください」。

もう少し年上の子供と話す時には、詳細に話してあげても良いという。

「8歳以上の子供は短い答えでごまかしても、更に不安を与えるだけです」と、児童心理学者で、子供の発達を支援する団体ファンダメンタリー・チルドレンの創設者、アマンダ・ガマーさんは言う。

「単純明快で年齢に合った答えが一番良く、『分からない』と言うことを恐れてはいけません。それが悲しく、悲惨で、あなた自身では解決できないことだ、ということを念頭に置いてください。簡単な答えはないと分かれば、子供たちはこれらの複雑な問題を理解しやすくなります」。

「時が経てば、子供たちは善良な人たちにも悪いことは起こりうるということを理解できるようになるでしょうが、おびさせられえたり、処理できないような情報に圧倒される理由も利益も彼らにはありません」とフリーガードさんは付け加える。

「子供に『自分も狙われている』という思いを与えるべきではありません。ですから、暗い説明や、テロリストが成功していると思わせるような方法で、子供を怖がらせないことです」。

バランスのとれた見方が鍵

「何よりも、子供たちに安心感を与えてください」と、フリーガードさんは言う。「最近の出来事がどんなに恐ろしくても、幸いテロ攻撃であなたの子供が傷つく可能性はまだわずかです。そのため、これらのテロ攻撃が人々をバラバラにするのではなく、どんなふうに人々を結びつけることができるかに焦点をあてるよう、気をつけてみてください」。

幼い子供たちが冷静にものごとを見る目が養えるように、具体的な例を挙げることが重要だと、ガマーさんは続けた。

「地理的感覚がない幼い子供たちにとって、これらのテロ攻撃はテレビを見ている『リビングルーム』で起こっていることのです」と、ガマーさんは言う。「子供たちは、テロが起こっているのが遠い場所だととらえる能力をもっていません」。

「『おばあちゃんの家まで5時間かかるのはわかるわね。ここで雨が降っていても、おばあちゃんの家の辺りで雨が降ってるとは限らないこともわかるね。で、このテロ攻撃はおばあちゃんの家の10倍も遠いところで起こったんだよ』と説明してあげてください」。

「こういった説明によって、子供たちに安心感を与え、テロが身近なところではなく、遠く離れたところで起こっているのだと理解させてあげられるのです」。

子供がどのレベルの情報を望んでいるのか見極める

「子供がすでに知っていることを基本にして、質問に答えてください」と、家族セラピストのスーザン・スティフェルマンさんは助言している

「『その質問をしに私のところへきたのはいいことよ。あなたが聞いたことを教えてくれる?』と、最初に質問すべきです」。

「より少なく語ることが、より多くを語ること。多くの子供が知りたいのは、自分は安全か、これは自分にも起こるのかということだけです。子供の質問に隠された意味を読み取り、彼らが一番望んでいるのは安心することだと理解してください」。

「最小限の情報を与えた後、あなたが話したことで、子供が満足しているかどうかに注意してみてください。子供が処理しきれないほどの情報を一度に与えないでください」。

逃げ腰にならない

子供が直接的な質問をしたら、できるだけ十分に、誠実に答えるのが一番いいのです、と家族を支援する団体ファミリー・ライブスの理事、スージー・ヘイマンさんは説明する。

「難しい問題について話す時、私たちは時々本能的に、十分に答えるのを避けたり、すぐに話題を変えたりして、子供が次の話題に進んで、そのことを忘れてくれたらと思います」と、ヘイマンさんは言う。

そうするのはおそらく、愛する者を、不安を掻き立てるかもしれないような知識から守り、遮るためです。あるいは単純に、私たちが完全な答えを持っていないからでしょう。しかし、逃げ腰になるのは一番いいやり方ではありません。

「子供の質問に満足がいくように答えられない、もしくは質問したことで子供がばつの悪い感じを持ってしまうなら、子供は彼らにとって重要な他の質問をする気がなくなるかもしれません。答えを得るのは重要です。ただ短い答えを言うだけでなく、年齢に合ったきちんとした話し合いをすることが重要です。

「『あなたはどう思う?』と、最初に尋ねるのはいい方法です。そうすることで、子供がすでに何を知っているか、何を知っていると思っているか、本当は何を尋ねようとしているのかを知る助けになるかもしれません。

「『とても難しい質問ね。誰かに聞くか、調べてみなければならないかもしれないわ』と言ってもいいのです。『もう少し大きくなったら、そのことをきちんと説明してあげられるわ。少し待てる?』と言うのもいいでしょう。

「重要なのは、あなたが質問に答える気があるということを、子供に知らせることです。そうしなければ、どこか他(インターネットや友達など)に行って、全く間違った情報を得るかもしれません。

メディアに注視する

子供たちにニュースを見せてもよいですが、それに心を奪われないようにさせてください。

「不安を煽るようなニュース取材には気をつけてください」と、ヒルさんは助言する。「年長の子供でも、どぎついニュース内容で動揺することがあるので、子供が見る番組には注意してください」。

子供に手本を示す

「冷静に手本を示してあげてください」と、スティフェルマンさんは助言する。「言うは易し、行うは難しですが、子供はじっと私たちを見て、特定のことについて、どう感じてよいか判断しようとしています。

「もしあなたが不安で半狂乱になったり、取り乱したりすれば、子供は何らかの影響を受けかねません。心を強くする方法を見つけてください、お祈りや、瞑想、ヨガ、音楽、自然のなかで過ごしたりして、できるだけ安定感を取り戻すようにしてください、そうすれば、子供にとって心の休まる存在になれるでしょう」。

小さな耳に気をつける

「子供の見ている前で、現状の問題について大議論をしないこと」と、ガマーさんは助言する。

「一般的にまず間違いのないやり方は、それについて子供に話しかけ、質問をさせ、年齢に合った方法で議論に加えるか、子供の前ではその話しはしないことです」。

「大人たちが、本当に恐ろしそうなことを話しているのを聞くと、子供はとても恐くなります、子供が階段の一番上に座って、大人が何か言い合っているのを聞いている、そんな時です」。

肯定的なメッセージを送る

「子供が恐怖を抱いたまま議論を終わらせるべきではありません」とヒルさんは助言する。「子供への最も重要なメッセージを、肯定的なものにするようにしてください」。

「勇敢な行動や英雄的行為について子供に話し、至る所で、常に他の人に親切にするよう勧めてください」。

児童セラピストのナターシャ・ダニエルズさんも同意見だ。「惨事が起こっている間、親切な行為や、その状況が結束をもたらしていることにも焦点をあててください」。

そして、最後に...

「最悪なことに直面した時、最善の方へ向かわなければならない」と、セラピストのアリソン・ジョーンズさんは助言している。

「子供を抱きしめ、愛していること、彼らのためにあなたがそこにいることを伝えてあげてください」。

この記事はハフポストUK版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

パリ同時多発テロ
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Spectators embrace each other as they stand on the playing field of the Stade de France stadium at the end of a friendly soccer match between France and Germany in Saint Denis, outside Paris, Friday, Nov. 13, 2015. Hundreds made their way to the pitch after explosions were heard nearby. Multiple fatal attacks throughout the city have prompted President Francois Hollande to announce he was closing the country\'s borders and declaring a state of emergency. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 13: Spectators enter the pitch to be in a safe place after learning of the attacks near the stadium and across Paris, after the international friendly match between France and Germany at Stade de France on November 13, 2015 in Saint-Denis near Paris, France. (Photo by Jean Catuffe/Getty Images) (credit:Jean Catuffe via Getty Images)
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Football fans gather in the field as they wait for security clearance to leave the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, north of Paris, after the friendly football match France vs Germany on November 13, 2015 following shootings and explosions near the stadium and in the French capital. A number of people were killed and others injured in a series of gun attacks across Paris, as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCK FIFE via Getty Images)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 13: Spectators gather on the pitch after news of the bombing and terrorist attacks in Paris reaches the fans after the International Friendly match between France and Germany at the Stade de France on November 13, 2015 in Paris, France. (Photo by Adam Pretty/Bongarts/Getty Images) (credit:Adam Pretty via Getty Images)
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Spectators wait on the pitch of the Stade de France stadium in Seine-Saint-Denis, Paris\' suburb on November 13, 2015 after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. At least 18 people were killed, with at least 15 people had been killed at the Bataclan concert hall in central Paris, only around 200 metres from the former offices of Charlie Hebdo which were attacked by jihadists in January. AFP PHOTO / (Photo credit should read MIGUEL MEDINA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MIGUEL MEDINA via Getty Images)
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Spectators invade the pitch of the Stade de France stadium after the international friendly soccer France against Germany, Friday, Nov. 13, 2015 in Saint Denis, outside Paris. At least 35 people were killed in shootings and explosions around Paris, many of them in a popular theater where patrons were taken hostage, police and medical officials said Friday. Two explosions were heard outside the Stade de France stadium. (AP Photo/Michel Euler) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 13: (EDITORS NOTE: Image contains graphic content.) Paramedics remove bodies from outside the Bataclan concert hall after an attack on November 13, 2015 in Paris, France. According to reports, over 150 people were killed in a series of bombings and shootings across Paris, including at a soccer game at the Stade de France and a concert at the Bataclan theater. (Photo by Xavier Laine/Getty Images) (credit:Xavier Laine via Getty Images)
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Police officers of the armed response unit man a position close to the Cafe Bonne Biere in Paris on November 13, 2015 after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. A number of people were killed and others injured in a series of gun attacks across Paris on Friday, as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. AFP PHOTO /KENZO TRIBOUILLARD (Photo credit should read KENZO TRIBOUILLARD/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:KENZO TRIBOUILLARD via Getty Images)
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Football fans leave the Stade de France stadium following the friendly football match between France and Germany in Saint-Denis, north of Paris, on November 13, 2015, after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. At least 18 people were killed, with at least 15 people killed at the Bataclan concert hall in central Paris, only around 200 metres from the former offices of Charlie Hebdo which were attacked by jihadists in January. AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCK FIFE via Getty Images)
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Football fans talk to a policeman securing an area outside the Stade de France stadium following the friendly football match between France and Germany in Saint-Denis, north of Paris, on November 13, 2015, after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. At least 18 people were killed, with at least 15 people killed at the Bataclan concert hall in central Paris, only around 200 metres from the former offices of Charlie Hebdo which were attacked by jihadists in January. AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCK FIFE via Getty Images)
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Football fans leave the Stade de France stadium following the friendly football match between France and Germany in Saint-Denis, north of Paris, on November 13, 2015, after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. At least 18 people were killed, with at least 15 people killed at the Bataclan concert hall in central Paris, only around 200 metres from the former offices of Charlie Hebdo which were attacked by jihadists in January. AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCK FIFE via Getty Images)
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A person watches TV in Rennes as French president Francois Hollande adresses the nation on November 13, 2015 after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. Francois Hollande declared a state of emergency and closed borders . AFP PHOTO / DAMIEN MEYER (Photo credit should read DAMIEN MEYER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DAMIEN MEYER via Getty Images)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 13: Police investigate at the scene of attack outside of Stade de France after the International Friendly games between France and Germany on November 13, 2015 in Paris, France. According to reports, at least 149 people were killed in a series of bombings and shootings across Paris, including during a soccer game at the Stade de France and a concert at the Bataclan theater (Photo by Xavier Laine/Getty Images) (credit:Xavier Laine via Getty Images)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 13: Survivors ride a bus to the hospital following an attack on the Bataclan concert hall on November 13, 2015 in Paris, France. According to reports, over 150 people were killed in a series of bombings and shootings across Paris, including at a soccer game at the Stade de France and a concert at the Bataclan theater. (Photo by Xavier Laine/Getty Images) (credit:Xavier Laine via Getty Images)
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Members of a forensics team work behind a police cordon at the scene of an attack near the Stade de France in Saint Denis, suburban Paris on November 13, 2015. French President Francois Hollande said Friday he had declared a state of emergency across the country after simultaneous attacks in Paris left at least 39 people dead.\n AFP PHOTO / MATTHIEU ALEXANDRE (Photo credit should read MATTHIEU ALEXANDRE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MATTHIEU ALEXANDRE via Getty Images)
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Police officers man a cordon at the scene of an attack near the Stade de France in Saint Denis, suburban Paris on November 13, 2015. French President Francois Hollande said Friday he had declared a state of emergency across the country after simultaneous attacks in Paris left at least 39 people dead.\n AFP PHOTO / MATTHIEU ALEXANDRE (Photo credit should read MATTHIEU ALEXANDRE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MATTHIEU ALEXANDRE via Getty Images)
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Scores dead in Paris attacks(27 of61)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 13: French police officers take security measures around the Bataclan concert hall (near Place de la Republique) in Paris, France on November 13, 2015, after deadly shootings and explosions took place in several neighbourhoods of Paris. French media quoted police as saying late Friday that around 100 people alone died in a gun battle at the Bataclan arts centre; two gunmen were also reportedly killed. (Photo by Amine Landoulsi/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Police cordon off a street near the cafe La Bonne Biere following several attacks in the French capital Paris, on November 14, 2015. Over 100 people were killed and many injured in an \'unprecedented\' series of bombings and shootings across the capital. AFP PHOTO / KENZO TRIBOUILLARD (Photo credit should read KENZO TRIBOUILLARD/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:KENZO TRIBOUILLARD via Getty Images)
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French President Francois Hollande arrives at the scene of an attack in Paris on November 13, 2015 after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. More than 100 people were killed in a mass hostage-taking at a Paris concert hall Friday and many more were feared dead in a series of bombings and shootings, as France declared a national state of emergency.AFP PHOTO /MIGUEL MEDINA (Photo credit should read MIGUEL MEDINA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MIGUEL MEDINA via Getty Images)
Scores dead in Paris attacks(31 of61)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 14: French officials and medics work near Le Petit Cambodge restaurant in the 11th district after a drive-by shooting killing 11 people, November 14, 2015, Paris, France. At least 142 people were killed deadly shootings and explosions took place in several neighbourhoods of Paris. (Photo by Mustafa Yalcin/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Scores dead in Paris attacks(32 of61)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 13: French police officers take security measures around the Bataclan concert hall (near Place de la Republique) in Paris, France on November 13, 2015, after deadly shootings and explosions took place in several neighbourhoods of Paris. French media quoted police as saying late Friday that around 100 people alone died in a gun battle at the Bataclan arts centre; two gunmen were also reportedly killed. (Photo by Amine Landoulsi/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Scores dead in Paris attacks(33 of61)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 14: French officials and medics work near Le Petit Cambodge restaurant in the 11th district after a drive-by shooting killing 11 people, November 14, 2015, Paris, France. At least 142 people were killed deadly shootings and explosions took place in several neighbourhoods of Paris. 1,500 troops deployed in French capital says Elysse. (Photo by Mustafa Yalcin/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
FRANCE-ATTACKS-PARIS(34 of61)
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Forensic police search for evidences inside the La Belle Equipe cafe, rue de Charonne, at the site of an attack on November 14, 2015 in Paris, after a series of gun attacks occurred across the city. More than 100 people were killed in a mass hostage-taking at a Paris concert hall and many more were feared dead in a series of bombings and shootings, as France declared a national state of emergency. AFP PHOTO / JACQUES DEMARTHON (Photo credit should read JACQUES DEMARTHON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JACQUES DEMARTHON via Getty Images)
Scores dead in Paris attacks(35 of61)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 14: Medics carry the woundeds to the ambulances near Le Petit Cambodge restaurant in the 11th district after a drive-by shooting killing 11 people, November 14, 2015, Paris, France. At least 142 people were killed deadly shootings and explosions took place in several neighbourhoods of Paris. (Photo by Mustafa Yalcin/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Scores dead in Paris attacks(36 of61)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 14: French officials and medics work near Le Petit Cambodge restaurant in the 11th district after a drive-by shooting killing 11 people, November 14, 2015, Paris, France. At least 142 people were killed deadly shootings and explosions took place in several neighbourhoods of Paris. 1,500 troops deployed in French capital says Elysse. (Photo by Mustafa Yalcin/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Scores dead in Paris attacks(37 of61)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 14: French officials and medics work near Le Petit Cambodge restaurant in the 11th district after a drive-by shooting killing 11 people, November 14, 2015, Paris, France. At least 142 people were killed deadly shootings and explosions took place in several neighbourhoods of Paris. 1,500 troops deployed in French capital says Elysse. (Photo by Mustafa Yalcin/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Scores dead in Paris attacks(38 of61)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 13: French officials work outside the Stade de France, where France was hosting Germany in an international football friendly, after deadly shootings and explosions took place in several neighbourhoods of Paris, on November 13, 2015. Reports indicate that more than 140 people overall have been killed in at least two suicide bombings, another explosion and a drive-by shooting, which targeted seven different locations. (Photo by Geoffroy Van der Hasselt/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Scores dead in Paris attacks(39 of61)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 14: French officials and medics work near Le Petit Cambodge restaurant in the 11th district after a drive-by shooting killing 11 people, November 14, 2015, Paris, France. At least 142 people were killed deadly shootings and explosions took place in several neighbourhoods of Paris. (Photo by Mustafa Yalcin/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
France Paris Shooting(40 of61)
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Police officer secure the area near the Stade de France stadium after an explosion and after international friendly soccer match France against Germany, in Saint Denis, outside Paris, early Saturday Nov. 14, 2015. Multiple fatal attacks throughout the city have prompted President Francois Hollande to announce he was closing the country\'s borders and declaring a state of emergency. (AP Photo/Michel Spingler) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Paris Shootings(41 of61)
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A person is being evacuated after a shooting, outside the Bataclan theater in Paris, Saturday Nov. 14, 2015. A series of attacks targeting young concert-goers, soccer fans and Parisians enjoying a Friday night out at popular nightspots killed over 100 people in the deadliest violence to strike France since World War II. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Paris Shootings(42 of61)
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French soldiers and a police officer stand on a street next to Rue de Charonne, in Paris, Saturday, Nov. 14, 2015. The sidewalk terrace of a cafe on Rue de Charonne was showered in gunfire, killing people, according to the Paris prosecutor. A series of attacks targeting young concert-goers, soccer fans and Parisians enjoying a Friday night out at popular nightspots killed over 100 people in the deadliest violence to strike France since World War II. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Germany France Attacks(43 of61)
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Police patrol in front of the French embassy in Berlin with the European and French flag on half-staff Saturday morning, Nov. 14, 2015 after more than 120 people have been killed in terror attacks in Paris. (Lukas Schulze/dpa via AP) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Paris Shooting NYC Police(44 of61)
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Heavily armed New York City police officers stand guard across the street from the French consulate on New York\'s Fifth Ave., Friday, Nov. 13, 2015. Police in New York say they\'ve deployed extra units to crowded areas of the city \"out of an abundance of caution\" in the wake of the attacks in Paris, France. A New York Police Department statement released Friday stressed police have \"no indication that the attack has any nexus to New York City.\"(AP Photo/Mary Altaffer) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Paris Shooting NYC Police(45 of61)
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Heavily armed New York City police officers with Operation Hercules stand guard across the street from the French consulate on New York\'s Fifth Ave., Friday, Nov. 13, 2015. Police in New York say they\'ve deployed extra units to crowded areas of the city \"out of an abundance of caution\" in the wake of the attacks in Paris, France. A New York Police Department statement released Friday stressed police have \"no indication that the attack has any nexus to New York City.\"(AP Photo/Mary Altaffer) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Paris Shootings(46 of61)
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A Victim of a shooting attack is treated on the pavement outside La Belle Equipe restaurant in Paris Friday, Nov. 13, 2015. Well over 100 people were killed in Paris on Friday night in a series of shooting, explosions. (Anne Sophie Chaisemartin via AP) MANDATORY CREDIT (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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RETRANSMISSION FOR ALTERNATIVE CROP - Victims lay on the pavement outside a Paris restaurant, Friday, Nov. 13, 2015. Police officials in France on Friday report multiple terror incidents, leaving many dead. It was unclear at this stage if the events are linked. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Police and rescuers are seen outside a cafe-brasserie in10th arrondissement of the French capital Paris, on November 13, 2015. At least 18 people were killed in a series of gun attacks across Paris, as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. Police said at least 15 people had been killed at the Bataclan concert hall in central Paris, only around 200 metres from the former offices of Charlie Hebdo which were attacked by jihadists in January. AFP PHOTO / KENZO TRIBOUILLARD (Photo credit should read KENZO TRIBOUILLARD/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:KENZO TRIBOUILLARD via Getty Images)
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Rescue workers gather at victims in the 10th district of Paris, Friday, Nov. 13, 2015. Several dozen people were killed in a series of unprecedented attacks around Paris on Friday, French President Francois Hollande said, announcing that he was closing the country\'s borders and declaring a state of emergency. (AP Photo/Jacques Brinon) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Forensic experts inspect the site of an attack outside the Stade de France stadium in Saint-Denis, north of Paris, early on November 14, 2015, after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. A number of people were killed and others injured in a series of gun attacks across Paris, as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCK FIFE via Getty Images)
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Forensic experts inspect the site of an attack outside the Stade de France stadium in Saint-Denis, north of Paris, early on November 14, 2015, after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. A number of people were killed and others injured in a series of gun attacks across Paris, as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCK FIFE via Getty Images)
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People leave the Stade de France stadium after the international friendly soccer France against Germany, Friday, Nov. 13, 2015 in Saint Denis, outside Paris. Two police officials say at least 11 people have been killed in shootouts and other violence around Paris. Police have reported shootouts in at least two restaurants in Paris. At least two explosions have been heard near the Stade de France stadium, and French media is reporting of a hostage-taking in the capital. (AP Photo/Michel Euler) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Riot police officers run outside a fast food chain restaurant outside the Stade de France stadium, following the friendly football match between France and Germany in Saint-Denis, north of Paris, on November 14, 2015, after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. Dozens were killed in a series of simultaneous gun attacks across Paris on November 13, as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. .AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCK FIFE via Getty Images)
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The scene following an attack in 10th arrondissement of the French capital Paris, on November 13, 2015. At least 18 people were killed in a series of gun attacks across Paris, as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. Police said at least 15 people had been killed at the Bataclan concert hall in central Paris, only around 200 metres from the former offices of Charlie Hebdo which were attacked by jihadists in January. AFP PHOTO / KENZO TRIBOUILLARD (Photo credit should read KENZO TRIBOUILLARD/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:KENZO TRIBOUILLARD via Getty Images)
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Police are seen outside a restaurant in 10th arrondissement of the French capital Paris, on November 13, 2015. At least 18 people were killed as multiple shootings and explosions hit Paris, police said. Police also said there was an ongoing hostage crisis in the Bataclan a concert hall in the French capital. AFP PHOTO / KENZO TRIBOUILLARD (Photo credit should read KENZO TRIBOUILLARD/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:KENZO TRIBOUILLARD via Getty Images)
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PARIS, FRANCE - NOVEMBER 13: Spectators exit the stands of the during the International Friendly game between France and Germany at Stade de France on November 13, 2015 in Paris, France. The game was halted following an explosion in the stadium and attacks across Paris claiming the lives of numerous people. (Photo by Xavier Laine/Getty Images) (credit:Xavier Laine via Getty Images)
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Forensic experts inspect the site of an attack, a restaurant outside the Stade de France stadium in Saint-Denis, north of Paris, early on November 14, 2015, after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. A number of people were killed and others injured in a series of gun attacks across Paris, as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCK FIFE via Getty Images)
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Forensic experts inspect the site of an attack, a restaurant outside the Stade de France stadium in Saint-Denis, north of Paris, early on November 14, 2015, after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. A number of people were killed and others injured in a series of gun attacks across Paris, as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCK FIFE via Getty Images)
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Police inspect the site of an attack outside the Stade de France stadium in Saint-Denis, north of Paris, early on November 14, 2015, after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. A number of people were killed and others injured in a series of gun attacks across Paris, as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCK FIFE via Getty Images)
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Forensic experts inspect the site of an attack, a restaurant outside the Stade de France stadium in Saint-Denis, north of Paris, early on November 14, 2015, after a series of gun attacks occurred across Paris as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. A number of people were killed and others injured in a series of gun attacks across Paris, as well as explosions outside the national stadium where France was hosting Germany. AFP PHOTO / FRANCK FIFE (Photo credit should read FRANCK FIFE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCK FIFE via Getty Images)
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RETRANSMISSION FOR ALTERNATIVE CROP - Rescue workers at the scene as victims lay on the pavement outside a Paris restaurant, Friday, Nov. 13, 2015. Police officials in France on Friday report multiple terror incidents, leaving many dead. It was unclear at this stage if the events are linked. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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