イラクのマリキ首相、四面楚歌でも早期退陣の気配なし

イラクで8年間にわたって政権を担ってきたマリキ首相は、かつてないほどの脅威にさらされている。
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Reuters

イラクで8年間にわたって政権を担ってきたマリキ首相は、かつてないほどの脅威にさらされている。

国土のかなりの部分をイスラム教スンニ派の過激派組織「イラクとレバントのイスラム国(ISIL)」らの暴徒に制圧されたばかりか、首相と同じシーア派の別の勢力からは退陣を求められ、米国やイランからの支援も覚束なくなってきた。首相の友人ですら、首相が退陣する事態を堂々と想定している。それでも、マリキ氏はすぐに身を引く気配をまったく見せていない。

ISILは今月10日にイラク北部の要衝モスルを占領して以降、首都バグダッドに向け進撃を続けている。マリキ首相の反対派からは、同氏が打ち出した政策のせいで、スンニ派の各部族を政権から離反させて、このような過激派の跳梁を招いたと批判する。

米国政府は自らがイラクの指導者を選ぶつもりはないとしながらも、より幅広い支持層を取り込める政権が望ましいとの意向は隠そうとしていない。イラク国内に大きな影響力を有する隣国イランも、マリキ氏を積極的に支持するのを避けている。

さらにマリキ氏が率いる連立政権のメンバーでさえ、他のシーア派勢力とスンニ派、クルド人が新しい連立政権に結集することができるならば、マリキ氏は退陣する必要があることを認めるようになった。

連立政権幹部の1人は「6月10日を境に、イラクはすべてが変わった。どんな展開も選択肢に上がっており、マリキ氏が首相でなくなれば各勢力が前に進めるというならば、それについてわれわれは議論する用意がある」と述べた。

その上で「マリキ氏の意思決定には退陣も含まれ、政権交代は円滑でなければならない。マリキ氏もこの点には虚心坦懐でいると思うし、そうした事態が訪れるかもしれないことは理解している」と説明する。

ただこうした圧力を受けても、マリキ氏は首相の座にとどまる可能性がある。後釜をめぐる連立政権内や他のシーア派勢力の候補者の足の引っ張り合いで、マリキ氏が再び勝利するかもしれない。

先の連立政権幹部は、マリキ氏はイラク解体の主体的な役割を担った人物として首相の任期を終えたくないと考えていると指摘。元国会議員のサミ・アスカリ氏のようなマリキ氏の友人は、イラクには政権交代をやっているような余裕はないと主張する。

アスカリ氏は「ISILのせいで国民はマリキ氏の下に集まり、行進している。彼のチャンスはなお強固だ」としている。

最終的には、マリキ氏を辞めさせることが同氏が率いる議会会派「法治国家連合」が、新たな連立政権を形成するために支払わなければならない代償かもしれない。イラク政界では、米国やイランの政権支持が乏しいことが、反対派からのマリキ氏退陣要求を強めているとの声が聞かれる。

しかし新政権をめぐる交渉はなかなか始まろうとしていない。利己主義や派閥的な行動に終始している議会は、新政権発足に向けた協議のための期限を7月1日に設定したが、数カ月はかかる可能性があり、その間はマリキ氏が暫定的に首相を務めることになる。

<見切りをつける米国>

これに対して米国とイランはいずれもイラクに迅速な事態収拾を求めている。ケリー米国務長官は23日、マリキ氏との会談で、スンニ派やクルド人、他のシーア派勢力が不満を持っていることを米政府は承知していると率直に語った。

先週行われた米当局者とマリキ氏の会談は白熱化した、とこの会談内容を出席者から知らされたある西側外交筋は漏らした。この外交筋は、米当局者がもしもマリキ氏が3期目を務めることについてもはや議会の支持を得られないなら退くべきだと伝えたとした上で、「マリキ氏はこのメッセージを受け取ったと思うが、彼がそれを受け流そうとしても驚かない」と述べた。

米ホワイトハウスや駐イラク米大使館はマリキ氏への退陣勧告を否定しているものの、非公式の場では米当局者は政権交代への期待を表明している。

一方、イランもマリキ氏への支持にこれまでほど熱心ではなくなっている。ある政府高官は「わが国はイラク国民の選択を尊重する。彼らがマリキ首相を望まないのなら、どうしてわれわれが支持できようか」とロイターに語った。

別のイラン政府高官も、「イランのマリキ氏支持は限定的で条件付きのものだ」とくぎを刺した。

こうした中で前出のイラク連立政権高官は「米国は、イラク国内の政治情勢やスンニ派が多い地域の事情に基づき、マリキ氏は他の勢力を自身の3期目支持に向けて動かすことはできなくなっていると考えている。彼がどんな業績をあげているかは関係なく、他の勢力にとっては国内二極化の象徴になってしまった」と述べた。

同高官によると、米当局者は法治国家連合に対してマリキ氏の代わる候補者を探すよう働きかけているという。

(Ned Parker記者)[バグダッド 23日 ロイター]

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