拡散する「イスラム国」、内戦状態のリビアに新たな拠点か

過激派組織「イスラム国」は、エジプト人21人をリビアで斬首したとする映像を公開した。勢力範囲が、リビアにまで広がっていることを示唆するものだ。
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FILE - In this Friday, Sept. 21, 2012 file photo, Libyan followers of Ansar al-Shariah Brigades and other Islamic militias, hold a demonstration against a film and a cartoon denigrating the Prophet Muhammad in Benghazi. Libya, virtually a failed state the past years, has provided a perfect opportunity for the Islamic State group to expand from its heartland of Syria and Iraq to establish a strategic stronghold close to European shores. (AP Photo, File)
ASSOCIATED PRESS

焦点:拡散する「イスラム国」、内戦状態のリビアに新たな拠点か

[アルジェ/カイロ 18日 ロイター] - 過激派組織「イスラム国」は先に、キリスト教の一派コプト教徒のエジプト人21人をリビアで斬首したとする映像を公開した。映像の中で覆面姿の戦闘員は、地中海の方を向き、血に染まったナイフをかざしてこう宣言した。「われわれはローマを征服する」

この映像は、ISISやISILとも呼ばれる同組織の勢力範囲が、シリアやイラクだけでなく、リビアにまで広がっていることを示唆するものだ。

同映像に対する各国の反応は早かった。エジプト軍は、リビアでイスラム国の拠点とみられる地域を空爆。エジプト政府は国連に対し、同組織の勢力拡大を防ぐための行動を要請し、フランス政府もこれに同調した。

シリアとイラク以外では、リビアがイスラム国による勢力が最も拡大している場所のように見える。同組織がリビアで同調者を増やし、北アフリカで新たな拠点を築けば、西側にとっては一層脅威が増すことになる。

イスラム国がリビアで勢力を増していることに驚きはない。約4年前にカダフィ政権が崩壊して以降、リビアは派閥争いによってほぼ無政府状態に陥っているからだ。

敵対する2つの勢力が国の支配権をめぐって武力衝突を続けており、各国の外交官らは国外に脱出。戦闘の舞台となったトリポリの空港は破壊され、ロケット弾や空爆による交戦で同国の原油生産も打撃を受けた。

リビア国内でイスラム国を支持する組織はこれまで、同国東部デルナで戦闘員が四輪駆動車で行進する映像を公開するなど、ソーシャルメディアを通じて自分たちの力を誇示していた。

<行動が激化>

しかし今年に入り、そうした武装組織は行動をエスカレートさせている。先月にはトリポリの高級ホテル「コリンシア・ホテル」が襲撃を受け、9人が犠牲となった。また今月には、仏石油大手トタル

ある米政府筋によると、こうした襲撃事件のうち、どの程度がイスラム国と直接関係しているのか、もしくは単なる「模倣」なのか、米当局は把握し切れていないという。

ただ、米アフリカ軍のデービッド・ロドリゲス司令官は昨年12月、イスラム国がリビア東部に訓練キャンプを設置したと指摘。同キャンプでは数百人が訓練中であり、そこからシリアに戦闘員が送り込まれる可能性があると警鐘を鳴らした。

リビアと国境を接するエジプトにとっては、イスラム国の勢力拡大は深刻な問題だ。

エジプト治安当局の高官はロイターに対し「われわれが国境を接しているのは、イスラム国と他の武装組織が野放しになっている混沌とした国だ」と語り、「目標はテロリストを空爆で封じ込めることではなく、リビアでテロリズムを根絶することだ」と力を込めた。

リビア国内では、2012年にベンガジで起きた米領事館襲撃事件に関与したとして米政府が非難している組織「アンサール・シャリア」のほか、アルカイダ系組織や小規模なイスラム過激派も活動している。

そのことが、イスラム国が勢力基盤を確立するのを難しくする可能性もある。

米陸軍士官学校テロ戦闘センターの北アフリカ専門家、ジェフ・ポーター助教は「コリンシア・ホテル襲撃のような散発的な攻撃で終わるだろう。領土を保有して税を徴収し、公共サービスを提供するのとは違う」と語った。

<新たな拠点か>

しかし、リビア東部デルナでは、イスラム国同調者が公共の場での喫煙を厳重に取り締まるなど、住民に対する影響力を強めているという。

ソーシャルメディア上に投稿された映像からは、同地でイスラム国の戦闘員がトヨタ製四輪駆動車の長い車列で行進する様子や、黒い字で「イスラム警察」と書かれた白いSUVなども確認できる。

現地の住民や活動家らは武装集団について口を閉ざしがちだが、デルナには昨年、1人のイエメン人がイスラム国の代表者としてやって来たという。

複数の住民は、同地でイスラム国によって拘束されていたエジプト人キリスト教徒が、約2週間前に連れ出されるのを見たと証言。カメラクルーも同行していたと語った。

住民らの話では、映像が公開された後、イスラム国は警戒態勢を強め、一部のリーダーたちは身を隠したという。

(原文:Patrick Markey and Michael Georgy、翻訳:宮井伸明、編集:伊藤典子)

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